controversies in globalization and the environment

... mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher Current printing (last digit): PRINTED ... gibberellin, and vitamins are included in the latter group, and their biotic origin and decomposition are examined in relation to claims that humic acids display hormone-like actions The section ... ignore or erase the achievements attained in the development of the many theories on humus By using the term SOM indiscriminately, one wouldn't know whether it is referring to the total soil organic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... fouling the water supply in the Lake Waco area, the Playa lakes in the high plains, and east Texas Sitting right on top of the recharge zones of the Paluxy, Trinity and Ogallala aquifers, these ... Sumatra and Papua running between the vast expanses of peat deposits, to the rivers, lakes and marshes in central Africa, Scandinavia and the tundras in the arctic region Many of the coastal plain ... during the years, has set the stage for the development of the concepts and types of humic substances followed today It triggered in the beginning a flurry of investigations and the ligno-protein theory...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... as the melanoidin pathway or Maillard's reaction Sugar and amino acid form the starting points, instead of lignin or phenol and quinone, as is the case in the lignoprotein and phenol-protein theories, ... Thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid or niacin, vitamin B,, biotin and pantothenic acid are examples of vitamin B This B complex also includes aminobenzoic acid and inositol Since these vitamins are produced ... lignin, protein, and cuticular material are detected in the humic acid structures by the authors The ligno-protein theory envisages lignin units entering into reactions with amino acids forming the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... percentages on the composition of these substances and on the role they play in molecular structure He has used them for the determination of molecular weights and formulas, and in distinguishing two ... Unfortunately, the differences in opinion has polarized the scientific community, resulting in a division into two groups, with one group firmly believing in and the other highly critical about the existence ... on lignin monomer units have been proposed by Flaig (1967) and Steelink (1985) Flaig has studied the disintegration of lignin into the simpler monomers, and their further disintegration into smaller...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... cm-') In the group frequency region, the principal bands may be assigned to vibration units that consist of only two atoms to a molecule In the fingerprint region, single bond stretching and bending ... similar in structure may absorb similarly in the group frequency region, but will show differences in absorption in the fingerprint region Notwithstanding the many arguments on the usefulness of infrared ... Steelink (1964 )and Steelink and Tollin (1967)were perhaps the first who tried to apply ESR methods to show paramagnetism in humic acids owing to the presence of semiquinones and hydroxy-quinones...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... role in the decomposition of rocks and minerals (Sprengel, 1826) Since then, conflicting arguments have been presented as to the effectiveness ofthese acids in rock and mineral weathering Mainly ... pairs to the metal ion The latter is usually a metal in the series of transition metals The ligand, therefore, fits the definition of a Lewis base and the metal is then the Lewis acid The compound ... other interpretations are presented in the literature, and the stability constant is, for example, understood by other scientists to provide an index of the affinity of the cation for the ligand...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... the perpetual movement of organic carbon from the air into the soil and back into the air It is nature's way of cleaning the environment by recycling organic waste (Tan, 2000) In principle, the ... penetration, and may cause damage to plant roots The effect of humic acid as discussed above by interacting with the expanding clay is noted in mollisols to reduce the extent of shrinking and swelling ... negatively charged, they are carrying, in other words, excess electrons On the other hand, the quinoid or quinone units in a humic molecule are usually assumed to be phenol structures in the oxidized...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... are international institutions like the WTO the focus of Fariborz Zelli’s contribution to this handbook The relationship between trade and the environment and the role of the WTO in mediating ... Sustainable Economic Growth 1.1.3: Globalization, the Environment, and Sustainable Economic Growth 1.1.3.1: Globalization and Sustainable Economic Growth 1.1.3.2: Globalization and a Sustainable Environment ... affects the environment, offering opportunities for investigating and evaluating environmental solutions, and developing skills to implement those solutions Steel and Warner conclude by posing the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 05:20

... used in radiotherapy, including brachytherapy, immunotherapy, ion beam therapy, and boron neutron capture therapy Industrially and in mining, radionuclides are used as radioisotope tracers, in ... The hazards of radioactive contamination to people and the environment depend on the nature of the radioactive contaminant, the level of contamination, and the extent of the spread of contamination ... motion, the determination of Avogadro’s number, and the “counting” of atoms [1] In 1897 the theory of “indivisible” atoms was put to rest with the discovery of the electron, the first of the subatomic...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... including α particles and neutrons Their effects in the upper atmosphere lead to nuclear interactions with nitrogen and oxygen atoms and molecules resulting in the production of 14C and 7Be and ... to the nuclear energy industry in the transport of fuel rods and the reprocessing and disposal of spent fuel rods In many instances spent uranium fuel rods are allowed to sit in interim cooling ... plants during photosynthesis As herbivores and omnivores ingest plants for food, the 14C is carried throughout the food chain, ultimately labeling all living things on the surface of the planet...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... of 137Cs in the vicinity of the point of release Predicted situation 24 hours from the beginning of the release The point of the release is the site of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant The source ... point in h FIGURE 3.2 Example of the maps of 137Cs ground deposition in the vicinity of the point of release as a function of the time from the beginning of release The point of release is the ... released from the solid matrix and escape from the mineral grain into the pore space These radon atoms are then transported by diffusion and advection, and are either decayed or released to the atmosphere...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... the aquifers feeding their waters into the analyzed river as well as the soil types in the river basins and their drainage area are important factors in the levels of uranium in dissolution in ... correlated with the increase in the gradient of salinity due to the mixture of fresh- and saltwater In this case, and because of the low concentrations of 226Ra in the marine environment, the 226Ra concentration ... imaginary, but it is true that the major part of the atmosphere resides in the troposphere, and the relevant processes and changes governing the weather take place in it The troposphere and stratosphere...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Concentrations in Food and the Environment On the other hand, artificial radionuclides are stored in the stratosphere and fall to the Earth’s surface according to atmospheric dynamics Artificial and cosmogenic ... also important in mineral soil layers The percentage in fraction I increases with depth for the mineral soil layers and the amounts in fraction II and III are negligible The corresponding values ... substances in this work may be useful in understanding and modeling the radionuclide (actinides) transport in the soil layer 5.2.3 INFLUENCE OF MICROORGANISMS OF RADIONUCLIDES ON THE BEHAVIOR The presence...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Processes and Modeling 157 The vertical temperature profile in the lower troposphere is directly in uence by • • • • The thermal fluxes to (insolation in the day time) and from (infrared radiation during ... Indirect contamination includes the mechanisms that rule the behavior of radionuclides in the soil and the geosphere, their interaction with soil components, and their uptake by plant roots These ... Concentrations in Food and the Environment by the ratio at equilibrium between the activity concentration in the animal product considered and the amount ingested daily in the diet: Ff =     milk , Qintake...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... on organisms These will be examined using the five-kingdom convention of Rose [16] and incorporating the effects analyses of Sazykina [23] Rose noted that within individual kingdoms there was a ... Concentrations in Food and the Environment • Gy/yr This dose rate reduced the birth mass and increased the brain mass of laboratory rats irradiated as fetuses toward the end of the intrauterine life The ... effects The difficulty arises in trying to measure them, either in the field or in a laboratory setting, and then interpret them with regard to an organism’s radiosensitivity The radiation field generated...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... half the population of the world and many of their diets are dominated by rice The study found the median daily intake of 232Th ranged between 0.6 and 14.4 mBq, the lowest being the Philippines and ... Information generated in routine monitoring programs is invaluable in determining the effect on the environment and food of proposed emissions and routes and levels of radionuclides in those emissions ... documents and standard operating procedures are produced and managed The quality of any laboratory carrying out food monitoring is very much affected by the staff working within it and training, and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... deals with the understanding of where radioactive materials originate and how they migrate, react chemically, and affect the ecosphere after their release into the environment All these aspects ... from the valence band to the higher energy level of the conduction band and leave a positive hole in the valence band In the pure crystal, after a certain decay time, an electron returns to the ... it in a more homogenized form, including drying, crushing, homogenization, and sieving of the soil and sediment samples Sample preparation serves also to increase the counting efficiency, and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... to the widespread use of neutron emitters in mining and other underground gauging applications These include mixed radionuclide neutron sources like 241AmBe and 238PuBe, in which the 241Am and ... the detector, the length of time of the measurement, and, in the case of a moving item, the speed of the item relative to the detector In general, the intensity of radiation at the surface of ... Concentrations in Food and the Environment unacceptably low signal:noise ratio Cooling of the detector is achieved in the laboratory using liquid nitrogen or electronic cooling devices In the field, the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... monitoring Addition to inventory Interim storage Security of facility during receipt and interim storage Preparation and use Transport to worksite User training Protective equipment Engineering ... and release of radiation sources in the samples to be analyzed and any sources inherent in the analytical tools and procedures as well A typical process flow diagram begins with the delivery and ... need to be maintained in a frozen state, whereas others may need to be maintained at room temperature conditions at all times Other samples may hold the possibility of offgassing either potentially...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... ill effects There is a long history of regulating toxic chemicals, such as lead and arsenic, in food and commodities, and in the 1950s the concept of regulating radioactivity in the environment, ... to the lens of the eye of 15 mSv in a year; and (d) an equivalent dose to the skin of 50 mSv in a year Throughout the nuclear complex, including industry, research institutes, universities, and ... of the various recommendations on radioactivity in food in a unique table The table has been updated and reproduced in Table 12.17 in amended form It is helpful in gaining an understanding of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20