controlling input and output of another program

... amount, and it was 11 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in excess of its throughfall input −1 −1 DON leached in 2005 was 8.4 to 16.9 kg N yr , and accounted for 28–38% of the TDN leached and 42–84% of its input in ... Jiang, N H., and Zhang, L D.: Soil physical and chemical analysis and description of soil profiles, Standards Press of China, Beijing, 1996 Lohse, A L and Matson, P.: Consequences of nitrogen additions ... Total leaching loss and retention of nitrogen (kg N ha−1 yr−1 ) of precipitation inputs in the pine, mixed and old-growth forests at DHSBR in southern China Input- output of N in subtropical forests...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 00:20

... >outfile will write the standard output to outfile instead If pipes are supported, prog | anotherprog puts the standard output of prog into the standard input of anotherprog Output produced by printf ... postfix calculator of Chapter to use scanf and/ or sscanf to the input and number conversion 7.5 File Access The examples so far have all read the standard input and written the standard output, which ... for them These files are the standard input, the standard output, and the standard error; the corresponding file pointers are called stdin, stdout, and stderr, and are declared in Normally...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2013, 06:20

... University of St Andrews Microsoft Research, Cambridge University of Oxford University of St Andrews University of St Andrews University of Durham University of St Andrews University of Strathclyde ... main inputs consist of lists of available professionals and open positions, a set of matching rules, and a set of prioritization rules These inputs are dynamic in that the characteristics of the ... the main (and most difficult) construction of this paper It takes as input an instance (D, m, w) of ExpTile where m > and m is a power of 2, and produces as output an instance (D, Γ, R) of Expr,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 12:20

... effects of removing the laptop or other eArmyU provisions were unknown These include (1) the willingness and ability of soldiers to participate and (2) the effects of the current program and of possible ... research was conducted within RAND Arroyo Center’s Manpower and Training Program RAND Arroyo Center, part of the RAND Corporation, is a federally funded research and development center sponsored ... “current” program refers to the program benefits and eligibility requirements described here (those in effect at the time of this study) Primary sites offer enrollments and support to the eArmyU program...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... complex and difficult to program with There are other, simpler forms of concurrent programming The declarative concurrency of Chapter is much simpler to program with and can often be used in place of ... settings of their alarm clock or cellular phone) and specialists (computer programmers, the audience of this book) This book focuses on the construction of software systems In that setting, programming ... tools, practical techniques, and standards, allowing us to programming The science consists of a broad and deep theory with predictive power, allowing us to understand programming Ideally, the science...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 06:20

... seek both perfection of part and adequacy of collection In this book the use of ` `program' ' is focused on the creation, execution, and study of programs written in a dialect of Lisp for execution ... psychologists, and parents program Armies, students, and some societies are programmed An assault on large problems employs a succession of programs, most of which spring into existence en route These programs ... in Lisp programs, and the construction of language processors is rarely an impediment to the rate of growth and change of large Lisp systems Finally, it is this very simplicity of syntax and semantics...

Ngày tải lên: 05/04/2014, 01:31

... Implementing the File Input and Output Operations All programs accept input from a user, process the input, and produce an output Therefore, all the programming languages support the input and output operations ... datain.Close(); } 9.12 File Input and Output NIIT The following window shows the output of preceding code snippet Output of the Binary Reading Application NIIT File Input and Output 9.13 Implementing ... containing the name of a given file Properties of the DirectoryInfo Class 9.14 File Input and Output NIIT The following table describes some of the commonly used methods of the DirectoryInfo...

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2014, 09:21

... distribution of mCRY1 and mPER2, and real-time PCR quantification of mCRY1 mRNA after laser irradiation Intracellular distribution of mCRY1 and mPER2 after blue laser irradiation were shown in Figs 1a and ... control of the differentiation of MSCs We propose that blue laser irradiation of MSCs could provide a simple and effective technology for clock protein localization and turnover as the timing of nuclear ... undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate to lineages of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, and muscle.12,13 Accordingly, controlling the division and differentiation...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... complex and difficult to program with There are other, simpler forms of concurrent programming The declarative concurrency of Chapter is much simpler to program with and can often be used in place of ... settings of their alarm clock or cellular phone) and specialists (computer programmers, the audience of this book) This book focuses on the construction of software systems In that setting, programming ... tools, practical techniques, and standards, allowing us to programming The science consists of a broad and deep theory with predictive power, allowing us to understand programming Ideally, the science...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... with 64 MB of memory can handle hundreds of thousands of digits The skeptical reader will ask: is this huge number really the factorial of 100? How can we tell? Doing the calculation by hand would ... define what we would like the program to Usually, this is a mathematical definition of the inputs that the program needs and the output that it calculates This is called the program s specification • ... up with input size The execution time of a program as a function of input size, up to a constant factor, is called the program s time complexity What this function is depends on how the input size...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... structure of the statement A program that accepts a sequence of characters and returns a sequence of tokens is called a tokenizer or lexical analyzer A program that accepts a sequence of tokens and ... execution state of the running program Low-level languages like C or C++ often leave reclaiming to the programmer, which is a major source of program errors There are two kinds of program error ... for programmers This will become clearer when we define the first one later in this chapter • Second, a set of programming techniques and design principles used to write programs in the language of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... for certain kinds of programs and a bad fit for others This chapter and the next examine the programming techniques of the declarative model and explain what kinds of programs can and cannot be easily ... statement into inputs and outputs Then, given any binding of the input identifiers to partial values and the output identifiers to unbound variables, executing the statement will give one of three results: ... Flatten of X|Xr where X is a nested list, is Z where flatten of X is Y, flatten of Xr is Yr, and append Y and Yr to get Z • Flatten of X|Xr where X is not a list, is Z where flatten of Xr is Yr, and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... a form of declarative programming The basic principle of declarative programming is that the output of a declarative program should be a mathematical function of its input In functional programming, ... for input and input waits for output To correctly model sequential circuits, we have to introduce some kind of time delay between the inputs and the outputs Then the circuit will take its input ... concurrent model and gives some of the most important programming techniques, including lazy streams and list comprehensions • Soft real-time programming Section 4.6 explains how to program with...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... connecting outputs and inputs For example, the output X of the first And gate is given as input to the Or gate Only the wires DI and DO are visible to the outside of the latch The wires X, Y, Z, and ... connecting inputs and outputs Different kinds of links: one-shot, many-shot, inputs that can be connected to one output only or to many outputs, outputs that can be connected to one input only ... model concurrent components since they allow to compose components and to provide arbitrary numbers of inputs and outputs Inputs and outputs can be local, with visibility restricted to inside the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... part of the program and is inaccessible to the rest of the program This is usually what is desired for larger programs It allows the ADT to be implemented and tested independently of the rest of ... input stack and an output stack • The implementations of both versions have to actions when entering and exiting an operation The calls of Unwrap and Wrap correspond to calls of @ and :=, respectively ... case Xs of nil then S [] X|Xr then {SumList Xr X+S} end end It is recursive Each call has two arguments: Xs, the unexamined rest of the input list, and S, the sum of the examined part of the input...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... viewpoint of multiple computation models, we show how and when to use and not use object-oriented programming We relate it to component-based programming, object-based programming, and higher-order programming ... on objects of any class 7.4 Programming with inheritance All the programming techniques of stateful programming and declarative programming are still possible in the object system of this chapter ... see the beauty of this design? With it, a figure can consist of other figures, some of which consist of other figures, and so forth, to any number of Copyright c 2001-3 by P Van Roy and S Haridi All...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... and precise and introduces the theory of transactions with just the right amount of formalism to aid intuition Unfortunately, this book is out of print Good libraries will often have a copy Another ... other The shared-state approach is often the best for data-centered programs, i.e., programs that consist of a large repository of data (“database”) that is accessed and updated concurrently Both ... for different parts of the same application • Modularize your program and concentrate the concurrency aspects in as few places as possible Most of the time, large parts of the program can be sequential...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... patterns of inputs and outputs In the declarative model, the operational semantics is deterministic (it gives just one solution) and directional (it works for only one pattern of input and output ... equivalent relational program The bagof/3 and setof/3 predicates Prolog’s bagof/3 predicate corresponds to using SolveAll inside a relational program Its extension setof/3 sorts the result and removes ... casual suit Soft picks a soft color and Hard picks a hard color Contrast picks a pair of contrasting colors (one soft and one hard) Suit returns a complete set including shirt, pants, and socks...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... that shows the advantages of programming with concepts instead of programming in models We start from the declarative programming techniques of Chapter and add state and concurrency exactly where ... is impossible to write a program that, when given an input program, determines in finite time whether or not the input program will halt Copyright c 2001-3 by P Van Roy and S Haridi All rights ... action procedures and unbound variables (for handler objects) Build user interface (interpret description to create handler objects and event thread) Window on screen Actions and handler objects...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... (placement of resources, dependencies between processes) and the performance constraints (network bandwidth and latency, machine memory and speed) The large-scale structure of an application consists of ... definition of the protocol and a proof that it respects the language semantics are given in [201] An extension that is well-behaved in case of network and process failure is given together with proof ... gives a good overview of the general issues in the area of distributed programming Structure of the chapter This chapter consists of the following parts: • Sections 11.1 and 11.2 set the stage...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22