... translating fromEnglish to German, verbsin the German outputare often incorrectly left near their position in En-glish, creating problems of fluency. Verbs are alsooften omitted since the ... fortraining a PSMT system or input to the decoder.The processing steps are shown in figure 1.For the development of the reordering rules, weused a small sample of the training data. In par-ticular, ... positions of the verbsin thetranslations are now correct, the distance betweensubjects and verbs, or between verbsin a singleVP might lead to the generation of erroneously in ected verbs. The...
... examine the errors involving phrasal verbs. A phrasal verb such as sum up will be tagged by PARTS as noun + preposition instead of verb + particle. This error influences the tagging of other ... tagger's performance. The solution involves a change in the definition of what counts as a word for the pur- pose of tagging phrasal verbs. 1. INTRODUCTION Statistical taggers are commonly ... (probability of a word bearing a certain tag given two previous parts of speech). As a result, if an element has a very high lexical probability of being a noun (gun is a noun in 99 out of 102...
... research in terms of verb coverage and in terms of article coverage. For verbs, we plan to (1) increase the verbs that we cover to include phrasal verbs; (2) increase coverage ofverbs by ... INTERPRETATION: posted earnings; 7. ANECDOTES; 8. OTHER: poems. The goal of our research is to identify the role of verbs, keeping in mind that event profile is but one of many factors in ... still convinced that our initial hypothesis on the role ofverbsin determining event profile was worth pursuing. We believe that these results are a by-product of lexical ambiguity and of the...
... athreshold of 0.7, considering as storage units8Only noun types occurring a minimum of ten times wereincluded in this study. Singular and plural forms as well asmasculine and feminine were ... presented a corpus-driven chain-starting classifier of definite NPs for Spanish, pointing out and empirically supporting a series of linguistic features to be taken into account.Given that definiteness ... chainstarting.5. If m is a simple definite,(a) and the head of m appears in the list of storageunits, classify as chain starting.(b) and the head of m is AP-preference, classify aschain...
... similar irregular Ca2+responses in platelets,but in this case in the absence of InsP3generation. Throm-bin-induced spiking was acutely abolished by inhibitingphospholipase C or elevating intracellular ... resultsindicate that both InsP3-generating (thrombin) and non-InsP3-generating (sulfhydryl reagents) agents cause irregular [Ca2+]ispiking in platelets. The thrombin-induced spikingand ... used by InsP3, in a way insensitive to heparin andcAMP.Puff-like characteristics of [Ca2+]ispiking in singleplateletsTo determine the involvement of different Ca2+stores in the [Ca2+]ispiking...
... improvement in thetranslation of both sorts of pronouns. In particu-lar, the system now generates more pronouns in French than before, confirming the advantage of using a combination of preprocessing ... Combination of Arabic Preprocessing Schemes for Statistical Ma-chine Translation. In Proceedings of the 21st Inter-national Conference on Computational Linguisticsand 44th Annual Meeting of ... Zero-pronouns in Spanish. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the88 Association for Computational Linguistics, pages166–172.Anita Gojun. 2010. Null Subjects in Statistical Ma-chine Translation:...
... NS English in the aspect of the width and depth of verbs? (By the width of verbs, I mean the size of vocabulary in verbs. By the depth of verbs, I mean the range of senses of verbs and the ... of it in the writing of Chinese learners of English against the reference corpus LOCNESS. Undoubtedly, LOCNESS has gained a solid reputation in serving as a reference corpus in the domain of ... with the involved nature of speech and point to the low frequency of indices of personal reference in academic writing” (ibid.: 126). In the detailed study of verbs, the overuse of auxiliaries...
... for investigat-ing the syntax and semantics ofverbsin biomed-ical data or for supplementing existing domainlexical resources with additional information (e.g.13The different sub-domains of ... corresponding Levin class. Only the re-maining 5 classes are identical (in terms of mem-bers and their properties) to Levin classes.These results highlight the importance of build-ing or tuning ... any domain specific tun-ing) to the domain of biomedicine. We focus onbiomedicine for several reasons: (i) NLP is criti-cally needed to assist the processing, mining andextraction of knowledge...
... given in Fig.1. In Fig.l, verbs associated are limited to a few ones such as Do (obJ = musical instrument)~ Pla~ (obJ = musical instrument). Becsuse, from the definition of musical instrument ... (1) Find a pair of verb and associated transla- tion equivalent (Do, Play : ~9-& ) that can be associated in common to a part of the structure of the categories as in Fig.l, and then find ... equivalents in detail at the lower level categories. (2) To each verb found in the process of the association, consults ordinary dictionary of translation equivalents and word usage ofverbs and...
... obtained by Elliphantusing the training data randomly ordered. Theperformance reaches its plateau using 90% of thetraining instances. Using different ordering of thetraining set we obtain ... variety of subjectsoccurring in the training data. In addition, reach-ing a precision of 92.0% for explicit subjects us-ing just 20% of the training data is far more ex-pensive in terms of the ... 2005.Identifying non-referential it: a machine learningapproach incorporating linguistically motivated pat-terns. In Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Fea-ture Engineering for Machine Learning in NaturalLanguage...
... endings for all verbs and the stress falls on the main vowel of these end-ings. e endings are interesting in themselves because they are the same as the present indicative of the helping ... 1The Spanish verb systemAn overviewWhen you try to conjugate Spanish verbs, do you feel as if everything you’ve ever been taught seems tangled in your mind like a bird’s nest of shing line ... 274·1EJERCICIOTranslate the following commands from English to Spanish, taking special note of additional instructions or hints as well as changing the object nouns to pronouns and placing them in the proper position....
... limitat ion of the review in it s goal toreflect the resear ch made in Spain o n HRQL in BreastCancer patients. In brief, there is clearly insufficient information avail-able on the HRQL ofSpanish ... of papers in PsycINFO and PubMed, probablyreflecting a more multidisciplinary approach. This wouldalso seem to apply to Spain. Almost half the studiesincluded in this review were indexed in ... Sierra J, Arcusa A: A randomized trial of the effect of training in relaxation and guided imagery techniques in improvingpsychological and quality -of- life indices for gynecologic and breastbrachytherapy...
... Alleles of this microsatellitedetermine the variable number of aspartic acid residues in theamino-terminal end of the asporin protein. Asporin binds directlyto the growth factor transforming growth ... recipient of a scholar-ship of the National Program for the Training of University Professors of the Spanish Ministry of Education. AG was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain).References1. ... effect of variation in the number of Dresidues in ASPN in hip OA, knee OA or hand OA susceptibil-ity inSpanish Caucasians. This result reinforces the overalllack of association reported in other...
... not received withinfourfold of the expected therapeutic interval. Under this defini-tion, treatment was discontinued in 553 of 1,388 (39.8%) AEs in RA and in 123 of 329 (37.4%) in SpA (p = 0.412). ... Non-communication of the TNF antagonist dis-continuation was detected in 6% of cases and non-communi-cation of RAE in 16%; non-communication of eitherdiscontinuation or RAE was present in 18% of the ... taken as an indication of drug effec-tiveness in the clinical setting. Furthermore, studies withextended follow-up and large numbers of patients are common in rheumatology in assessing long-term...