conductance switching in applied electric fields

... electrokinetic flow is dominant over DEP and diffusion, resulting in the regime of streaming DEP At higher voltages, DEP is dominant, resulting in trapping DEP This letter describes an insulating ... delicate insulating structure constructed in a channel for the purpose of field focusing (Fig 1) A simple and effective field-focusing insulator structure is shown in Fig 1a, which 123 (a) Insulating ... illustrating the fabrication of the microfluidic device containing PDMSinsulating microstructures Microfabrication and Experimental Setup The microfluidic device containing the insulating microelectrodes...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... modern dielectric theory and engineering, including the lastest analysis and modeling techniques As the editor of the Power Engineering Series, I am proud to include Dielectrics in Electric Fields ... maintenance Polymer scientists are interested in understanding the role of long chain molecules in varied applications ranging from heat resistant dielectrics to selfrepairing plastics The intensity ... complex dielectric constant are explained and the influence of frequency and temperature in determining the relaxation is examined Functions for representing the complex dielectric constant in the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... radius R and a dielectric constant 82 The sphere is situated in a dielectric medium extending to infinity and having a dielectric constant of S] and an external electric field is applied along Z ... a form given by (1.3) 4.3 FIELD IN A DIELECTRIC DUE TO A CONDUCTING INCLUSION When a conducting sphere is embedded in a dielectric and an electric field E is applied the field outside the sphere ... substituting equation (1.25) in (1.24) The method of finding the solution of Laplace's equation in some typical examples is shown in the following sections TM Copyright n 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... shown in the following section 2.3 THE INTERNAL FIELD To calculate the internal field we imagine a small spherical cavity at the point where the internal field is required The result we obtain varies ... local ordering in the dielectric23 It has the value of unity if we imagine a molecule to be held fixed, and the average moment of a spherical region of finite radius within an infinite specimen ... gives rise to an electric field in a direction perpendicular to E and this component is ' PcosQsmOdA dE sin - - Substituting expression (2.17) in this expression and integrating we get o ~ Hence...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... n increases s' changes with increasing COT, the curves crossing over at COT = At n=l the change in s' with increasing COT is identical to the Debye relaxaton, the material then possessing a single ... particularly in long chain polymers, a linear configuration Further, in the solid phase the dipoles are more likely to be interactive and not independent in their response to the alternating field7 ... n increases the curves become narrower and the peak value increases This behavior is consistent with that shown in fig 3.8 Let the lines joining any point on the Cole-Cole diagram to the points...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... presence of dipoles in the vicinity Because the dipoles have finite length in real dielectrics they are more rigidly fixed, as in the case of a side group attached to the main chain of a polymer ... vibrations One, along the line joining the equilibrium positions of the charges, called longitudinal optic mode (LO) and another, in a plane perpendicular to the line joining the equilibrium positions ... the applied field to another site not involving the conduction band or valence band This hopping may be according to the two potential well models described earlier in section 3.4 The hopping...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... chlorinated PVC (CPVC) with chlorine content increasing in the range 60-65% During chlorination, the chlorine replaces the hydrogen atoms in CH2 units rather than in the CH—Cl units Chlorination increases ... in the crystalline region, or to p-loss? Such questions frequently arise in dielectric studies in interpreting experimental data Since the peak value of B" increases with decreasing crystallinity ... along the chain at intervals of about 100 main units Branches of approximately the main chain length may also exist at intervals of a few main chain lengths The degree of chain branching changes...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... domain to the frequency domain involves the assumption that the current is measured in the interval to infinity, which is not attained in practice The necessity to truncate the integral to a finite ... been examined by Bergman et al (1998) The procedure adopted for transforming the frequency domain data into time domain current involves two steps: (1) Determine G(i) from e"- co data by inverse ... current-time relationship in polymers 6.7.1 ARAMID PAPER Aramid Paper which is an aromatic polyamide is a high temperature insulating material and finds increasing applications in electrical equipment...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... by taking into account the coupling that exists between individual atoms in a solid instead of assuming that each atom is a independent vibrator, TM Copyright n 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All ... fact that transport occurs within interchain of the molecule rather than within intrachain The mobilitiy of electrons in polymers is ~ 10"'° m2 V'V1 and at electric fields of 100 MV/m the drift ... which in turn is related to a decrease in free volume Increase in viscosity and intermolecular forces are also associated with the increase in molecular weight and therefore in resistivity In general...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... — ion recombination AB In considering recombination many of these processes have to be taken into account acting in combination and the decrease of electron density due to recombination has led ... E/N the energy for generating an ion-pair is a minimum resulting in a minimum sparking potential of the gas I.2A ASYMPTOTE - = • ORIGIN TANGENT LINE 0.8 A C Q STOLETOW POINT 0.6A !•«= f = 368A 0.4A ... is obtained by finding the inverse Laplace transforms of equations (8.43) and (8.44) The details of computation are explained in the following section 8.5.3 Formative Time Lags in Cylindrical...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... non-uniform fields [35] Author Boeuf &Marode Sato & Tagashira Moratz et al Gas He N2 N2 Liu & Govinda Raju SF6 Field Configuration Decreasing Decreasing Decreasing & increasing Decreasing & increasing ... corona pulses tends to increase with decreasing gas pressure and increasing applied voltage Discharge cell VARIABLE GAIN AMP Calibration pulse input Fig 9-6 System for measuring electrical characteristics ... explained that the positive corona inception voltage is higher than the negative inception voltage The difference between the inception voltages increases with increasing divergence of the electric...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... density remaining in the polarized dielectric29 Equation (10.57) has been applied in several polymers to determine the relaxation time and compensation parameters The upper limit of integral in equation ... in aramid paper Poling field and heating rate: A 7.9 MV/m, K/min; • 11.8 MV/m, K/min.; O 7.9 MV/m, K/min.; Q 3.9 MV/m, 2K/min.; A MV/m, 2K/min.; • 7.9 MV/m, K/min.; X i K/min (Raju, 1992, with ... measurements with heating rate of p T&V Windowing Polarization Fig 10.5 Protocol for windowing TSD Note the additional detail in the region EFGH Tp and Td are poling and window temperatures respectively...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... for determining P(;c) involves the following steps: The integral sign in equation (11.26) may be replaced by a summation by dividing the film into n incremental thickness, each layer having its ... thermal pulsing experiment in the double metallizing and single metallizing configurations (Collins, 1980, Am Inst Phys.) The observed properties of the electret are in general related to the internal ... scattered mainly in the forward direction The electrons move a certain distance within the dielectric, building up a space charge density and an internal electric field which may be quite intense...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... Using inventory voucher Diagram 2: Parallel inventory cards method Advantages: This method is simple in recording, controlling, collating and supply information on storing, using and remaining ... economical effect businesses gains These roles require materials management to be close in all stages from purchasing, reserving and maintaining to using them In the purchasing stage: enterprises ... account – 611 (Goods in transit account – 151) Debit Credit Cost of beginning materials - Transfer cost of beginning (beginning materials in transit materials (beginning materials in transit) Balance:...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 10:26

... again, by and large similar methods to those in use in other sectors (e g chemical industry) may be applied Decision making and uncertainties in the electricity industry 13 Figure 3-1 Uncertainties ... Uncertainties and key decisions in competitive electricity markets The key uncertain factors will be scrutinized in the following section UNCERTAINTIES IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY In order to develop good10 ... chapters is described in section DECISION PROBLEMS IN THE ELECTRICITY INDUSTRY Decision problems in the electricity industry may be categorized along different lines A first useful distinction is to...

Ngày tải lên: 31/12/2013, 22:20

... node-disjoint and edge-disjoint paths problems, by defining F in different ways For example, if each Si in F contains exactly one edge in G such that each edge in the graph is represented by a set in ... general disjoint path problem has been widely studied in the literature, which mostly focused on link failures This gives rise to an interesting problem of finding edge-disjoint paths in the network ... This paper focuses on the routing issue for protection switching In particular, we study the problem of finding a pair of disjoint paths in the network, so that a single failure on a network will...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 23:20

... level, including the subjects of financial accounting, auditing, taxation, and management accounting Earned baccalaureate degree in business with at least 24 hours in accounting including courses ... related fields of study Marketing • Plan 22BG Introduction to Business Principles of Marketing Industrial Marketing Principles of Salesmanship Advertising Selected Topics in Business ... in the architectural profession including drawing construction working drawings, design development drawings, renderings, cost estimating, specification writing, structural design and detailing,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 01:20

... McClain DA, Litwin SE et al (2002) Insulin signaling coordinately FEBS Journal 274 (2007) 5278–5284 ª 2007 The Authors Journal compilation ª 2007 FEBS 5283 Metabolic gene switching in murine female ... additional insights into this interesting question Conclusions In summary, we have identified a novel metabolic gene switch (decrease in fatty acid utilization, increase in glucose utilization) in the ... respiration (nmolÆmin Æmg protein) State respiration (nmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 protein) State respiration (nmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 protein) ADP ⁄ O Phosphorylation rate (nmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 protein) 29.4 145.0 33.5...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication ... consists in inducing the individual, while seeking his own interest, to what is in the general interest, the differences can indeed no longer be ascribed to political prejudice The remaining dissent ... is exceedingly simple when compared, for instance, to the making of an automobile or a calculating machine or a grain combine or a milling machine or to tens of thousands of other things Delivery?...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

...  course  introduces  business  decision-­‐making  using   accounting  information  systems    Emphasis  is  placed  on   analyzing,  summarizing,  reporting,  and  interpreting  financial   information ...  course in  Humanities/Fine  Arts       Associate in Applied  Science  Business  Administration       Central  Carolina  Community  College   Program  Planning  Guide   CIS  110   Introduction ...       Associate in Applied  Science  Business  Administration     Central  Carolina  Community  College   Program  Planning  Guide   demonstrate  an  understanding  of  business  concepts  as...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:22