conditions favorable for hydrocarbon reservoir formation

... plus d’informations This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/JP.htm) is also available by email Please contact the Customer Service Centre (see below) for further information ... Commission Licensed by Information Handling Services ~ STD.IEC 60332-3-24-ENGL 60332-3-24 IEC:2000 ~ 2000 4844891 0743200 306 -19- Performance requirements The Performance requirements for a particular ... amendment and the base publication incorporating amendments and Informations supplémentaires sur les publications de ia CE1 Further information on IEC publications Le contenu technique des publications...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 11:00

... plus d’informations This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/JP.htm) is also available by email Please contact the Customer Service Centre (see below) for further information ... technology Information relating to this publication, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue of publications (see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda Information ... amendment and the base publication incorporating amendments and Informations supplémentaires sur les publications de la CE1 Further information on IEC publications Le contenu technique des publications...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 11:01

... c t i o n s w h i c h build PTS's from predicate information The predicate information is given through the " rules" where "status" is the information relative to the e n u n c i a t i v e vs ... has b e e n s i n g i n g Cats are smart We wish to a c c o u n t for information i m p a r t e d by the s e n t e n c e s For e x a m p l e : - Sentence (2) does not imply The different uses ... l i b e r a t e l y p l a y e d down the purely sequential type of information, which is the o n l y t y p e of temporal information most systems are c o n c e r n e d with some basic u s e of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... a few water molecules is + formed upon Fe3 –NO complex formation, and that the network should play a key role in providing a proton that is required for intermediate formation [9,10] As shown ... trace of I formation can avoid the interference due to the spontaneous decomposition of I that follows its formation, although the rate of decomposition is much slower than that of I formation ... suggests that a higher formation rate is required for the accumulation of I I must be highly reactive with free NO to + complete the overall reaction (Eqn 4), and Fe3 –NO complex formation (Eqn 2)...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... the most current Form 1023 Below each figure you will find information related to questions on the form Some suggestions for appropriate answers are provided Part I, Line asks for the organization’s ... to substantiate this fact through the information provided on their information returns (Form 990) filed each year This will be covered later in this book For years up through 2008, if Line 5, box ... an exempt organization for a period of five NFP Organization Formation Figure 2.9 23 Form 1023, Line years Then, after five years, it had to file Form 8734, Support Schedule for Advance Ruling Period,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 00:19

... the transformation from end-point positions to muscle activations We employed the inverse transformation to compute the output patterns necessary to train the network The direct transformation ... transformation problem since we made the hypothesis that both target and movement were already expressed in the same body-centered reference frame We did address the problem of trajectory formation ... model of adaptive hand-eye coordination for single postures Science 239:1308-1311 Massey JT, Schwartz AB, Georgopoulos A (1986) On information processing and performing a movement sequence In: Fraum...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:16

... interactions of formation and fluids, and deformation of formation under stress and fluid shear Formation damage indicators include permeability impairment, skin damage, and decrease of well performance ... biological, hydrodynamic, and thermal interactions of porous formation, particles, and fluids and mechanical deformation of formation Reservoir Formation Damage under stress and fluid shear These processes ... types of formation damage processes encountered in petroleum reservoirs; (4) Optimize for prevention and/or reduction of the damage potential of the reservoir Overview of Formation Damage formation; ...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 17:27

... permeability alteration, 694 Problems, formation damage, Program, laboratory formation damage testing, 470 738 Reservoir Formation Damage Pseudo-damage, formation damage, 684 Reactions in porous ... Petrographical characteristics, 49 Petrography, petroleum-bearing formations, 49 Petroleum-bearing formations composition, 12 origin, formation, 11 petrography and texture, 49 sensitivity, mineralogy, ... reporting, tests, 478 by scale deposition, 669 Forward geochemical modeling, 338 I 734 Reservoir Formation Damage Fractal distribution, 60 Friction-drag force and hydrodynamic thinning, 147 Generalization,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:21

... interactions of formation and fluids, and deformation of formation under stress and fluid shear Formation damage indicators include permeability impairment, skin damage, and decrease of well performance ... biological, hydrodynamic, and thermal interactions of porous formation, particles, and fluids and mechanical deformation of formation Reservoir Formation Damage under stress and fluid shear These processes ... Characterization of the Reservoir Rock for Formation Damage CHAPTER Mineralogy and Mineral Sensitivity of Petroleum-Bearing Formations 10 Summary, 10 Introduction, 10 Origin of Petroleum-Bearing Formations,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... Metallurgy and Petroleum) properties of reservoir formations containing swelling clays and for representing these properties in the prediction and simulation of reservoir formation damage and in well-log ... Petroleum-Bearing Formations The studies of the composition of the subsurface formations by many, including Bucke and Mankin (1971) and Ezzat (1990), have revealed that these formations basically ... 52134 paper 26 Reservoir Formation Damage Montmorillonite, NaCl/KCl mixed Crystalline Swelling o.: o.oi Formation Damage Zone 0.0010 o.ooi 0.01 NaCl(N) Figure 2-16 Swelling chart for montmorillonite...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... petroleum-bearing formations, critical for formation damage analysis, is presented Introduction In-situ fluids and particles transport processes occur in the pore space of the subsurface formations ... be expressed by: 38 Reservoir Formation Damage = 4> - 4>0 = 4>, - - (2-28) where ksw is the formation swelling rate constant, t is the actual time of contact with water Therefore, the swelling ... geometry is formed by packing of near-spherical grains When the formation contains different types of grains and fractured by stress and deformation, pore structure is highly complicated For convenience...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... preferred for formation damage prediction In the following, selected models pertaining to formation damage are reviewed and presented with some modifications for consistency and applications in the formation ... during formation alteration, Equation 4-8 can be applied at a reference state and denoted by subscript "0" and at an instantaneous state during formation damages to obtain: 74 Reservoir Formation ... Petroleum-Bearing Formations 63 density, cement, and intergranular volume at various locations of reservoir formations Such diagrams provide useful insight into the heterogeneity of reservoirs Coskun...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... interpretation, may be used to infer for limited information on a few critical parameters of reservoir formation However, direct measurements of core properties at reservoir conditions are preferred, because ... being developed for measurement 104 Reservoir Formation Damage of reservoir formation properties Figure 6-1 by Weber (1986) describes the various types of information that can be acquired by different ... characteristics is essential information required for studies of reservoir formation damage and interpretation of laboratory and field tests As stated by Doublet et al (1995), "Reservoir properties and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... distribution and transport of various fluid phases and therefore the extent of formation damage in petroleum-bearing formations Because 118 Reservoir Formation Damage 6,0 - O 2.0- o.o 0.0 2.0 4,0 6,0 Clay ... and conditions of the minerals forming the petroleum-bearing rocks is important for assessment of their formation damage potential and design preventive and stimulation techniques to alleviate formation ... interactions and variations of the reservoir fluid conditions, prediction of its effects on formation damage is a highly complicated issue Although mineral matters forming the reservoir rocks are generally...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... petroleum bearing formations: Invasion of foreign particles carried with the fluids injected for completion, workover, and improved recovery purposes, Mobilization of in-situ formation particles ... various chemical reactions such as the salt formation reactions that occur when the seawater injected for waterflooding mixes with the reservoir brine, and formation of elemental sulfur during corrosion ... and internal filter cake formation (physical) Screening and external filter cake formation (physical) Forces Acting Upon Particles Ives (1985) classified the various forces acting on particles...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Formation Damage 180 Reservoir Formation Damage Caused by Asphaltene Deposition," SPE 23810 paper, Proceedings of the SPE International Symposium on Formation ... respectively, using the Dawe and Zhang (1997) data 176 Reservoir Formation Damage Scale Formation and Dissolution at the Pore Surface The rate of scale formation at the pore surface can be expressed ... 1992): The saturation ratio is given by: 166 Reservoir Formation Damage (9-3) where Fs < for undersaturated solution, Fs = for saturated solution, and Fs > for supersaturated solution XA is the mole...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... from Civan, 1994 183 184 Reservoir Formation Damage An evaluation and comparison of six selected models bearing direct relevance to formation damage prediction for petroleum reservoirs are carried ... 10 Single-Phase Formation Damage by Fines Migration and Clay Swelling* Summary A review of the primary considerations and formulations of the various single-phase models for formation damage ... of the formation damage models were developed for single phase fluid systems This assumption is valid only for very specific cases such as the production of particles with oil flow and for special...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... 208 Reservoir Formation Damage Model Considering the Clayey Formation Swelling and Indigeneous and External Particles Civan et al (1989) and Ohen and Civan (1991, 1993) considered the formation ... various issues involving formation damage by fines migration, we are prepared to 214 Reservoir Formation Damage conduct laboratory experiments in a manner to extract useful information Here, the analysis ... coefficient at saturation The initial conditions are given by: (10-159) Therefore, (10-160) and (10-161) Note k'r = for c>c'cr, k"= for for t < t ^ r -*s£n k^ = for T < i'cr, and k"= (10-162) (10-163)...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... formation damage that need to be considered for multi-phase formation damage by fines migration A systematic analysis and formulation of the relevant processes involving fines migration and formation ... model for formation damage by fines migration in two-phase systems flowing through porous formations The formulation is carried out by extending the Liu and Civan (1993, 1994, 1995, 1996) model for ... be readily modified and generalized for the actual conditions encountered in petroleum reservoirs Formulation The equations describing the various aspects for formation damage by fines migration...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22

... Multi-Purpose Formation Damage Model," SPE 31101 paper, Proceedings of the SPE Formation Damage Symposium, Lafayette, Louisiana, February 14-15, 1996, pp 311-326 Civan, F., "Convenient Formulations for ... X., & Civan, F, "Formation Damage and Skin Factors Due to Filter Cake Formation and Fines Migration in the Near-Wellbore Region," SPE 27364 paper, Proceedings of the 1994 SPE Formation Damage ... cake surface in terms of the filtration flow rate is given by InrJi (12-48) 276 Reservoir Formation Damage Reservoir formation Filter cake Mud :•* slurry Figure 12-4 Radial filter cake over a wellbore...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 12:22