concepts characteristics and models of b2b ec

... fifth row of Pascal’s triangle A simple example of dataflow execution All possible executions of the first nondeterministic example One possible execution of the second nondeterministic ... 4.12 The declarative concurrent model Causal orders of sequential and concurrent executions Relationship between causal order and interleaving executions Execution of the thread ... science and technology Programming as defined above has two essential parts: a technology and its scientific foundation The technology consists of tools, practical techniques, and standards, allowing...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 06:20

... fifth row of Pascal’s triangle A simple example of dataflow execution All possible executions of the first nondeterministic example One possible execution of the second nondeterministic ... 4.12 The declarative concurrent model Causal orders of sequential and concurrent executions Relationship between causal order and interleaving executions Execution of the thread ... science and technology Programming as defined above has two essential parts: a technology and its scientific foundation The technology consists of tools, practical techniques, and standards, allowing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... called recursion It is perfectly normal and no cause for alarm Fact is recursive because the factorial of N is simply N times the factorial of N-1 Fact uses the following mathematical definition of ... concepts we will see in this book Later chapters give a deep understanding of these concepts and add many other concepts and techniques 1.1 A calculator Let us start by using the system to calculations ... head and tail in one step: declare L=[5 8] case L of H|T then {Browse H} {Browse T} end This displays and [6 8], just like before The case instruction declares two local variables, H and T, and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... model of a logical theory This works well for declarative and relational computation models, but is hard to apply to other models Section 9.3 gives a logical semantics of the declarative and relational ... Deallocate Become inactive (program execution) Inactive Reclaim (either manually or by garbage collection) Figure 2.18: Lifecycle of a memory block Memory use cycle Memory consists of a sequence of words ... define the syntax and semantics of the declarative model: – Section 2.2 gives the data structures: the single-assignment store and its contents, partial values and dataflow variables – Section 2.3 defines...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... it interesting? Because it consists of data structures that are easy to calculate with The records of Table 3.1, HTML and XML documents, and the declarative user interfaces of Section 3.8.2 can ... rest of the computing environment The sixth part steps back to reflect on the usefulness of the declarative model and situate it with respect to other models Copyright c 2001-3 by P Van Roy and ... certain kinds of programs and a bad fit for others This chapter and the next examine the programming techniques of the declarative model and explain what kinds of programs can and cannot be easily...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... The first object receives from S0 and sends on T0, which is received by the second object, and so forth 4.3.5 Digital logic simulation Programming with a directed graph of stream objects is called ... Limitations and extensions of declarative programming How far can declarative programming go? Section 4.7 explores the limitations of declarative programming and how to overcome them This section ... The first two sections give the fundamentals of lazy execution and show how it interacts with eager execution and concurrency Section 4.5.1 defines the demand-driven concurrent model and gives its...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... program consists of a set of port objects sending and receiving messages Port objects can create new port objects Port objects can send messages containing references to other port objects This means ... between the objects When a port object receives the ball, it immediately sends it to another, picked at random Figure 5.2 shows the three objects and what messages each object can send and where Such ... Connection Protocol), and so forth [107] In this section we show some of simpler protocols and how to implement them using port objects All the examples use NewPortObject2 to create port objects...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... declarative, and unbundled 429 The usual open declarative style, as it exists in Prolog and Scheme Secure, declarative, and unbundled The declarative style is made secure by using wrappers Secure, ... declarative, and bundled Bundling gives an object-oriented flavor to the declarative style Secure, stateful, and bundled The usual object-oriented style, as it exists in Smalltalk and Java Secure, ... programming alone Because this version is both bundled and secure, we can consider it as a declarative form of object-oriented programming The stack S1 is a declarative object Secure stateful bundled...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... programming language We show how the concepts of Java fit in the object system of the chapter • Active objects (Section 7.8) An active object extends a port object of Chapter by using a class to define ... method of Obj1, so it will increment by 10 instead of by 100 7.3.5 Reflection A system is reflective if it can inspect part of its execution state while it is running Reflection can be purely introspective ... computation models (Section 7.5) From the viewpoint of multiple computation models, we show how and when to use and not use object-oriented programming We relate it to component-based programming, object-based...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... of these variant models are still deterministic Declarative concurrency The declarative concurrent models of Chapter all add threads to the declarative model This does not change the result of ... evolution of these concepts and includes some interesting intermediate steps that are no longer used Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques The final book is Transaction Processing: Concepts and ... come The demand-driven concurrent model, also known as lazy execution (Section 4.5), is a form of declarative concurrency It does not change the result of a calculation, but only affects how much...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... binds X and Y and then executes s The second statement executes s and then binds X and Y The third statement waits until it can determine whether or not X and Y are equal It then executes s ... casual suit Soft picks a soft color and Hard picks a hard color Contrast picks a pair of contrasting colors (one soft and one hard) Suit returns a complete set including shirt, pants, and socks ... execute with the expected time and space complexity Let us examine more closely the topics of logic and logic programming Be warned that this section gives only a brief introduction to logic and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... window of Figure 10.7 10.2.5 Dynamic behavior of widgets The dynamic behavior of widgets is defined by means of action procedures and handler objects Look again at the example of Section 10.2.2: declare ... that shows the advantages of programming with concepts instead of programming in models We start from the declarative programming techniques of Chapter and add state and concurrency exactly where ... Roy and S Haridi All rights reserved 10.1 Basic concepts • Section 10.1 introduces the basic concepts underlying declarative and procedural approaches and how we propose to combine them • Section...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... processes Check the correctness and termination properties of the application on one process Most of the debugging is done here • Second, place the threads on the right processes and give the objects ... both mobile and stationary objects and measure the difference in execution time How you explain the difference? 11.6.2 Asynchronous objects and dataflow We have seen how to share an object among several ... asynchronous objects with dataflow (We use the definition of NewActive given in Section 7.8.) This object has exactly the same behavior as a standard object, except that an object call does not...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... information and doing local deduction on it We give an example to show how this works, using intervals of integers Assume that x and y measure the sides of a rectangular field of agricultural land in ... search strategies and distribution strategies We will explain in detail the execution of a concrete example of a search engine on a small problem The definitions of concepts and operations will ... statement Sol={DFS Rectangle}, where DFS and Rectangle are defined as above, and Sol is a fresh variable If we expand the body of the function, it should create two variables, say S and L, leading...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... general model of the book It covers all the computation models of the book except for the relational and constraint-based models The semantics of each earlier model, e.g., the declarative, declarative ... unbound in σy This allows correct calculation of the need σ relation The third rule handles the case of IsDet This case is not handled correctly by the second rule because it does a test on a variable ... program T The execution of a declarative concurrent program can always be separated into a sequence of alternating input and output “phases”: adding a set of bindings (input phase) and executing until...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... saying whether R is of record type {MakeRecord L Fs} Return record with label L and features Fs {Label R} Return the label of R {Arity R} Return the list of features (arity) of R {Record.toList R} ... the syntax of records and tuples Copyright c 2001-3 by P Van Roy and S Haridi All rights reserved B.3 Records and tuples 827 The above record has four features, key, value, left, and right, ... operation Two records are the same if they have the same set of features and the language references for each feature are the same The arity of a record is a list of the features of the record sorted...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 10:22

... chromatograph GC8A, equipped with an ECD, and molecular sieves 60/80 mesh-column (length 2m) Detector/injector and column temperatures were 330 ℃ and 200 ℃, respectively The flow of carrier gas (N2) was 30ml ... References Anderson J.P.E and K.H Domsch (1975) Measurement of bacterial and fungal contributions to respiration of - 71 - selected agricultural and forest soils Canadian Journal of Microbiology, ... solubility of N2O in water at 30 ℃ was taken into account in the calculation of the resulting N2O concentration (Weiss and Price, 1980; Fogg and Gerrand, 1991) - 69 - Results Characteristics of fungal...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... abundances and turnover of populations, the allocation of resources among coexisting species, and the fluxes and pools of energy and materials in ecosystems These exchanges are direct consequences of ... variety of ecological phenomena, taxonomic and functional groups of organisms, and types of ecosystems Here we apply the metabolic theory of ecology to focus on some important correlates and consequences ... Structure and Function of Aquatic Ecosystems Ecologists have long struggled to predict features of ecological systems, such as the numbers and diversity of organisms The wide range of body sizes in ecological...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... it would immediately become the largest economy in the world Gold, Precious Metals and Stones The second part of the wealth of a nation is gold and precious stones and precious metals Their value ... gold and silver and ruled much of Mexico, Central and Latin America Britain, France, Germany, Holland, Italy and Portugal colonized most of Asia and Africa and took complete control of trade and ... United States and the causes of the decline of the economic power It is also an appeal to the professional economists and academicians to halt the march of neo-liberal capitalism and globalization...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 14:20

... Framework and the Policy of Connectivity Strengthening The aims and objectives of the National Connectivity Strengthening are: Connecting the centers of major economic growth based on the principles of ... prioritized in the economic corridor Electricity, Water, and Fiber Optic Suggested SEZ Connectors SEZ Special Economic Zone Figure 2.1 Economic Corridors In order to accelerate and expand economic development, ... efficient and effective flow of goods and services inter-economic corridor to enhance regional and global competitiveness Reduce logistical and economic cost for inter-economic corridor delivery of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22