computer science i fundamentals part i

... ADDRESS is a number identifying a location in memory Information in memory is accessed by specifying the address at which it is stored (its address) STORING (sometimes called writing) information is ... highlighted in blue and their definitions appear in a box in the margin All introduced terms are collected with their definitions in a Glossary in Appendix D Chapter Objectives, Review Questions, ... Associate Production Editor: Tara McCormick Editorial Assistant: Theresa DiDonato Cover Design: Kristin Ohlin Composition: Northeast Compositors, Inc Text Design: Mary McKeon Printing and Binding:...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 06:20

... Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science  If [n/2] is even, the run-time efficiency is: n/4.(n/4-1) => O(n2) Or generally, the run-time efficiency of the given program ... Engineering Department of Computer Science loop (j < i) print (i, j) j = j + end loop i = i - end loop Solution:There are nested loops, the iteration of variable i is executed (2/3)*n () times, j is ... i = i + end loop Solution: There are nested loops, the iteration of variable i is executed n times, j is executed n-1 times, k is executed log2(n)+1 times Therefore, the run-time efficiency is...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 15:20

... Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science Question If the algorithm doIt has an efficiency factor of 2n, calculate the run time efficiency of the following program ... Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science Advanced Questions Question Prove that for any positive functions f and g, f(n) + g(n) and max(f(n), g(n)) are asymptotically ... g(n)) are asymptotically equivalent (i. e they yield the same big-O notations) Question Estimating the time complexity of the following program segment: i = loop (i < N) j = i loop (j < N) k = loop...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 15:20

... of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science a b c d e f–k f *k f\ 10 f\ x f* f2 Page 2/10 Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science Part ... versa Example Let’s consider the following piece of pseudo code representing a method in the class List implementing a linked list algorithmcountPositive(val n ) This algorithm counts thenumber ... 6/10 Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science count++ end if pTemp = pTemp->link end loop n = count endcountPositive As easily observed, this method intends to use...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 15:20

... industrial arts, in particular the merging of computing and high-speed communications links carrying data, sound, and video Textbook: Sách giáo khoa A book giving instructions in the principles of a ... design and use of computers Information Technology: Công nghệ Thông tin An applied science, the study of the INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE: HANDOUT #0 COURSE INFORMATION practical or industrial ... Automata • Deterministic and Nondeterministic Automata Reading: Sections 10.2 and 10.3 REGULAR EXPRESSIONS • Introduction • Algebraic Laws for Regular Expressions Reading: Sections 10.5 and 10.7...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... type the list holds for its client, and a "next" field which is a pointer used to link one node to the next node This kind of linked list is called singly linked list Info1 Info2 Info3 Info4 • ... to run Data Type: Kiểu liệu See the definition in text built-in type: kiểu c i sẵn user-defined type: kiểu ngư i dùng đònh nghóa, kiểu tự tạo Variable: Biến See the definition in text Constant: ... Mảng See the definition in text List: Danh sách See the definition in text Linked List: Danh sách liên kết See the definition in text Header: Con trỏ đầu See the definition in text ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... giao; phần giao See the definition in text Difference: Phép hiệu; phần hiệu See the definition in text Algebraic law: Luật đ i số A rule to tranform an algebraic expression into another equivalent ... variable or pointer indicating that the variable or pointer currently has no values; especially for the pointer, it indicates that the pointer points to nowhere In Pascal, this symbol is nil ... element; LIST next; }; /* assemble produces a list whose head element is x and whose tail is the union of lists L and M */ LIST assemble(int x, LIST L, LIST M) { LIST first; first = (LIST) malloc(sizeof(struct...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... 18 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE: HANDOUT #3 THE RELATIONAL DATA MODEL The last must be false since it is not in the relation We can use an infix notation for binary relations, so that a binary ... relations, equivalence classes, closures of relations) 3.2 RELATIONS In this section, we shall extend binary relations into relations of arbitrary arity In the relational model, relations are viewed ... join is called a natural join and simply written > The join in the example is a < natural join and can be rewritten CH > CDH 3.4 GLOSSARY Relation: Quan hệ See definition in text Arity: Ng i (của...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... counterpart of linked lists is arrays Relationship: M i liên hệ, quan hệ In computer terminology, relationship informally stands for relation with a little difference Character string, string: Chu i ... } A very important application of stacks is to implement function calls I recommend you to read this in Section 6.7 (textbook) 26 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE: HANDOUT #4 THE LIST DATA MODEL ... 24 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE: HANDOUT #4 THE LIST DATA MODEL 4.2 STACKS A stack is a special kind of lists in which all operations are performed at one end of the list, which is called...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... { int info; pNODE leftmostChild, rightSibling; }; In this representation, a node has the field info to hold any information associated with the node; the fields leftmostChild and rightSibling ... pointers to the leftmost child and right sibling of the node in question, respectively Thus a node with a NULL leftmost-child pointer is a leaf; a node with a NULL right-sibling pointer is a rightmost ... are siblings; so are n4 and n5 The height of r is 2; this is also the height of the tree The height of n1 is and of n4 is The depth or level of r is 0, of n1 is and n4 is 5.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... node is in a component by itself INDUCTION Suppose we have the connected components for the graph Gi after considering the first i edges, and we now consider the (i + 1)st edge, {u, v} If nodes ... path (4, 5, 7, 4) is a cycle of length 3; the path (1, 1) is a cycle of length If a graph has one or more cycle, we say the graph is cyclic; otherwise, it is acyclic In an undirected graph, an ... Cạnh Head: Đầu Tail: Đu i Predecessor: Tiền nhiệm Successor: Kế vò Loop: Vòng khuyên Cycle: Chu trình Cyclic: có vòng Acyclic: không vòng Path: Đường 38 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE: HANDOUT...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... */ if (x == ’1’) goto c; /* transition to state c */ goto finis; finis: ; } Although it is easy to convert a DFA into a program, designing it is more difficult In fact, there is a generalization ... the figure on the next page 7.3 DETERMINISTIC AND NONDETERMINISTIC AUTOMATA input tape i f ( a = 41 = finite control 7.3 DETERMINISTIC AND NONDETERMINISTIC AUTOMATA The automaton discussed in ... deterministic It is straighforward to convert deterministic finite automata (DFA) into programs We create a piece of code for each state The code for state s examines its input and decides which...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... law: Luật đ i số (tính chất đ i số) Commutative law, commutativity: Luật giao hoán, tính giao hoán Associative law, associativity: Luật kết hợp, tính kết hợp Distributive law, distributivity: Luật ... decimal digits, and under is the symbol _ We can define a regular expression as a pattern of legal identifiers in C as follows: identifiers = (letter|under)(letter|digit|under)* As in arithmetic ... Commutativity of union (R | S) ≡ (S | R) Associativity of union ((R | S) | T) ≡ (R | (S | T)) Associativity of concatenation ((RS)T) ≡ (R(ST)) Left distributivity of concatenation over union (R(S...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... → 9.1 CONTEXT-FREE GRAMMARS 51 In fact, the production for is composed of ten productions, each for one of ten decimal digits → → → A more complex ... control flow in language like C grammatically For a simple example, it helps to imagine that there are abstract terminals condition and simpleStat The former stands for a conditional expression We ... simpleStat ; → ε → 52 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE: HANDOUT #9 GRAMMARS 9.2 LANGUAGES FROM GRAMMARS A grammar is essentially an inductive definition...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... 54 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE: HANDOUT #10 PARSING Here is the parse tree for the string 3*(2+14) using the grammar in the Handout #9, but we have abbreviated the syntactic categories ... resulting tree in step 6, we have the parse tree with the yield (2+14) as shown in the figure on the next page The overall parse tree, as in page 54, for the string 3*(2+14) is produced by applying ... in step and (d) in step to get the tree for 14 56 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE: HANDOUT #10 PARSING Three parse trees below are constructed by the production (1), or ...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... accessible only from functions in dict.c You remove the declaration from dict.h Is it still possible to directly access or modify the variable from main.c, even without the declaration in dict.h? If ... main.c: dict.c: #include #include #include "dict.h" int main() { } dict.h: #include "dict.h" /* data structure for the dictionary */ char * the dictionary[1000]; void load ... present in a file If no file is specified it reads from the standard input If more than one file name is specified it displays the counts for each file along with the filename In this problem, we will be implementing...

Ngày tải lên: 25/04/2013, 08:07

... doubtful utility except for interfacing with the Windows API In addition to Java and J++ sharing a common syntax, their foundational libraries (strings, utilities, networking, multithreading, math, ... Applications The Welcome program was not terribly exciting Next, let us run a graphical application This program is a very simple GIF file viewer It simply loads and displays a GIF file Again, ... immediately go to work on fixing any bugs found in the applet security mechanism In particular, by making public the internal specifications of how the Java interpreter works, Sun is making it...

Ngày tải lên: 31/07/2013, 09:23

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 10:15