computer requirements for particle counting systems

... Modem .113 B Computer Requirements for Particle Counting Systems 113 Computer Selection Guidelines 114 a Purpose .114 b Performance 114 c Computer Brand ... Problems in Particle Counting .58 Chapter Grab Sampling A Particle Counter Grab-Sampler Operating Principles 61 B Grab-Sample Particle Counting vs Online Counting 62 Reasons for Choosing ... Contents Part I Chapter Particle Counting Basics A What is a Particle Counter? .3 Particle Counters vs Particle Sizers Types of Particle Counters a Light-Based Particle Counters...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING Larger floc particles can break up when they pass through the particle counter, skewing the results Particle counts cannot be sole criteria for setting chemical ... PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING term for women who were physically unable to so In our case, the less newsworthy surrogates for Cryptosporidium and Giardia are the other particles of the same ... baseline for properly comparing filter performance It is impossible to judge filter performance adequately over time without knowing the particle input as well as the output F IMPROVING FILTER PERFORMANCE...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... it should be used downstream of the particle counter This allows for the particles to pass through the particle counter before being altered by the pump Some particle counter installations use ... of flowmonitoring equipment for a particle counting system Use a constant-head overflow weir for each particle counter, regardless of the flowmetering equipment used Particle counters are designed ... approach for handling calibration from the standpoint of cost and efficiency Particle Counter Calibration At present, particle counters are only calibrated for sizing accuracy, and not for counting...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... to send data from the particle counting system to the SCADA via file sharing over a computer network In this arrangement, the particle counting computer can send relevant information to the SCADA ... STRUCTURE Particle counting systems are usually built around some type of computerized data collection The data collection computer will be either a “stand-alone” unit provided by the particle ... information from particle counting systems as they exist at present Much of this reaction is understandably the product of a regulation-obsessed industry, but it is no excuse for not using particle...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... approach to particle counting for a given application They are by no means the last word on the subject Reasons for Choosing Grab Samplers Over Online Particle Counters In most cases, the reason for ... necessary for 2-µm particle counting It is a good idea to keep the particle counter glassware set aside for only that use, to minimize problems Thoroughly rinse the sample beaker in the sample before ... an online particle counter with to 20 mA outputs run into a chart recorder would be preferable Drawbacks to Grab-Sample Particle Counting Two major drawbacks make grab-sample particle counting...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... specifications employed for evaluating particle counter performance are defined and discussed Understanding of these few specification parameters is essential to making informed decisions about particle counters ... picture of particle counting is clear A SENSITIVITY Sensitivity is the smallest measurable amount that an instrument can detect In the case of the particle counter, this refers to the smallest particle ... A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING Cell Illumination Figure 6.3 Resolution error as a function of cell width cidence is usually presented as the number of particles for which the measured...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... L1306/frame/pt02 Page 82 Friday, June 23, 2000 1:54 PM 82 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING Sensor Cover Flow Cell Channel Power Regulator Signal Amplification Board Laser Driver ... polished to create the single window piece This softness accounts for the fact that it can be scratched from cleaning, or from contact with particles over a long time period Different grades of sapphire ... side where the laser enters before passing through the flow cell) must be of a higher grade than the exit window The beam must be tightly focused where it contacts the particles Since the detector...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... kept within a certain range for the particle counter to size the particles properly Obviously, at the low end, the sample must move at a sufficient velocity for the particles to get through the ... that normally corresponds to particles of that size For this reason, particle counters are calibrated at the same flow rate for which they are designed to operate (For those interested in the electronic ... C COUNTING ELECTRONICS Several types of counting electronics are found in the particle counter industry All of them serve the same end, which is to sort and count the pulses produced by the particle...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... importance when the particle counter system is a turnkey system provided by the manufacturer SCADA systems already provide for these inputs, and to 20 mA particle counters would have no use for them The ... the particle counter counting electronics A low-flow alarm circuit may be part of the counter electronics, or may be a self-contained unit that requires an input on the particle counter Some particle ... Installation Requirements: Make sure that sufficient space is provided to install the signal wiring properly in the particle counter enclosure If the particle counter is removed from service for calibration...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING D PARTICLE COUNTER COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL In addition to the large amount of data produced for each sample, there are timing and control issues involved Some particle ... approaches for developing drivers extend beyond the scope of this book For the purposes of aiding in this process, we provide an overview of how a typical particle counter organizes data for communication ... Data output from the particle counter will consist of several “strings” of information There are usually four or more particle size ranges, each a separate data point Most particle counters accommodate...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... Megabits per seconds B COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS FOR PARTICLE COUNTING SYSTEMS Most of the particle counting systems supplied turnkey from the manufacturer will come complete with a computer, or will ... minimum requirements for the computer All the current systems are designed for IBM PC platforms, with Windows operating systems This is far and away the most commonly used computer platform available ... upgraded computer for a particle counting system a Purpose Always keep the purpose of the system foremost in mind The computer should provide maximum performance in areas critical to particle...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... correct problems before a lot of data is lost The alarms should also be logged for future reference c Reporting Flexible and easy-to-configure reports are a must for particle counting systems Those ... twice in the life of the particle counting system, this extra expense may be incurred b Type of Counting Circuitry The more-advanced AD counters provide a better platform for count matching and ... the particle counter On the other hand, removal of the particle counter for service or calibration is simplified if the AC power does not have to be handled When the enclosure must be opened for...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... require access for service and maintenance Counting Electronics The same types of counting electronics found in online units are used for grab samplers The different applications for the grab sampler ... unwanted particles into the sample The pressure forces the sample up into a stainless steel tube, which is connected to the inlet of the particle sensor The sample passes through the particle ... sites without connecting the computer, for downloading at a later time A paper printout may be useful for backup, but should not be the primary means of data storage Computer Interface a Hardware...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... constant, high-quality, and reasonably affordable standard for size calibration of particle counters C PARTICLE SIZE CALIBRATION To calibrate a particle counter for sizing accuracy, standards covering ... keep anyone from collecting valuable information from the technology It does provide a convenient excuse for those unwilling to put forth the effort to use particle counters properly It also allows ... pulse amplitude for each micron increase in particle size These data are used to program or manually configure the particle size thresholds for the particle counter The sensor noise level is usually...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... California and a few other states also began to investigate particle counting quite seriously A third manufacturer, Particle Measuring Systems, also known as PMS, which was well established in particle ... provide particle counters for water treatment applications The interest in online particle counting was boosted further when Georgia began strongly encouraging many of its plants to install particle ... PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING this book, a thumbnail sketch of the history of the particle counting manufacturers involved in the water treatment industry follows The first particle counters...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... sensors designed for the same purpose ARTI employs nylon twist-lock fittings for smooth internal flow passages designed to prevent particle buildup All of the sample fittings are designed for 1/4 inch ... calibration will be affected, and leaks could occur The directions for replacing the flow cell are not complicated, but if the person performing the task is not aware of the sensitivity of the instrument, ... See Figure 16.1 The flow path for the Met One sensors is 750 µm × 750 µm This is the same size as the stainless steel/sapphire sensors provided with earlier Met One particle counters and still...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... 2:15 PM 152 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING designed to be adjusted routinely The factory should be consulted before changes are attempted Chemtrac The 2400D counting electronics are built ... the smaller particles, the effective size range is from to around 70 µm This is more than enough for drinking water treatment applications The 2400D counting electronics is not used for calibration ... maximum of 16 size channels in the version configured for the grab sampler ARTI and IBR ARTI and IBR particle counters both employ comparator-type counting electronics Each provides eight size channels...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... 156 Friday, June 23, 2000 2:15 PM 156 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING The model PCX and 215W particle counters both provide inputs for a flowmeter signal The PCX requires that the optional ... Friday, June 23, 2000 2:15 PM 158 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING E ANALOG OUTPUTS Met One offers separate particle counter models for serial data and to 20 mA output The serial data model ... can be set to count for 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 minutes The full-scale output (20 mA) can be set for 250, 2500, 25,000, or 300,000 for the first channel, and 250, 2500, or 30,000 for the second channel...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... the driver packages that come standard with the SCADA software Unfortunately, the particle counters make use of these commands for other data functions, and so the drivers are not fully compatible ... The standard optomux protocol provides for minimums, maximums, and averages to be transmitted by the field hardware, whereas the SCADA software programs perform these tasks themselves Often these ... L1306/frame/pt03 Page 164 Friday, June 23, 2000 2:16 PM 164 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO PARTICLE COUNTING mode by removing jumpers on the printed circuit board IBR requires a four-wire connection...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... version designed for systems having from 20 to 100 units VistaNet Server will accommodate up to 200 particle counters per server It is designed for large multiplant water systems For simplicity, ... package, with Insight designed for small systems of seven particle counters or fewer Insight has fewer features (no backwash indication, for example) Vista supports up to 32 particle counters, where ... and log removals for up to eight size channels Five alarms are indicated along the right-hand side of the upper window One is for high particle counts, two for analog inputs, one for sample flow,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20