computer networking a topdown approach featuring the internet 2nd edition

... available: ❍ delay guarantees ❍ bandwidth guarantees application transport network data link physical application transport network data link physical network data link physical network data ... channel ❍ receiver read data from underlying channel Wait for call from above packet = make_pkt(data) udt_send(packet) rdt_send(data) extract (packet,data) deliver_data(data) Wait for call from below rdt_rcv(packet) sender receiver ... layer ❒ more than one transport protocol available to apps ❍ Internet: TCP and UDP application transport network data link physical application transport network data link physical network data link physical network data...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 16:20

... stored audio and video 2) Streaming live audio and video 3) Real-time interactive audio and video Jitter is the variability of packet delays within the same packet stream 7: Multimedia Networking ... is a positive constant. Remaining packets in talkspurt are played out periodically 7: Multimedia Networking 7-5 MM Networking Applications Fundamental characteristics: ❒ Typically delay sensitive ❍ end-to-end ... resolution audio stream as the redundant information • for example, nominal stream PCM at 64 kbps and redundant stream GSM at 13 kbps. • Whenever there is non-consecutive loss, the receiver can conceal...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:22

... to Bob. In a similar manner, the Internet has an API that the program sending data must follow to have the Internet deliver the data to the program that will receive the data. The postal service, ... actively add and update this material over time. As in earlier edi- tions, the Web site contains the interactive Java applets that animate many key networking concepts. The site also has interactive ... upstream rates are different, the access is said to be asymmetric. The actual downstream and upstream transmission rates achieved may be less than the rates noted above, as the DSL provider may purpose- fully...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 13:33