computational complexity and summary

... introduce computational complexity and asymmetric information Computational complexity and informational asymmetry Computational complexity studies intractable problems, those that require more computational ... geometric random variable with expectation D, and then choose Di random neighbors, and (b) adding to G the edges of a random bipartite graph H on m + n vertices and degree d, where we place H on m random ... and then choosing D random neighbors for every vertex outside of T , and D −d random neighbors A similar observation holds if we assume the number of junk assets is chosen at random between and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... The Computational Complexity of Motion Planning and Simulation of Mechanical Devices Complexity of Motion Planning for Mechanical Devices with Articulated Joints The first known computational complexity ... Computational Complexity Classes Computational complexity (see [2]) is the amount of computational resources required to solve a given computational problem A complexity class is a family of problems, ... machines and inputs, and showed a contradiction occurs when a universal Turing machine attempts to solve the Halting problem for each Turing machine and each possible input Computational Complexity...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 23:20

... equipped with a random coin and only modest (polynomial-time bounded) computing power and Merlin, who is computationally unbounded Both Arthur and Merlin are supplied with a word x, and the goal ... 17:215–217, 1983 [11] Alexander Russell and Ravi Sundaram Symmetric alternation captures BPP Computational Complexity, 6, 1996 [12] Michael Sipser A complexity theoretic approach to randomness In Proceedings ... Sons, Inc., 1992 [3] L´szl´ Babai and Shlomo Moran Arthur-merlin games: a randomized proof a o system, and a hierarchy of complexity classes Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 36(2):254–276,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:22

... its organized complexity, self-organization and self-adaptation, and looks less and less like an open system Randomness and disorganized complexity with mutations have returned and functionality ... energy-generating and information-sharing interactions Complexity expresses the functionality of a system and reflects the process of relationships which produces self-organization and self-adaptation Complexity ... entities as an interrelated and a multifunctional system It connects concepts of systems, complexity, and chaos with features of stability and instability, linearity and nonlinearity, bifurcation,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 10:04

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 00:20

... lysates were loaded, in a randomized manner, onto two gels, transferred to membranes (blot and blot 2) and analyzed by three repetitive cycles of ERK immunoglobulin reprobing and application of the ... 2B, lower panel) and thus facilitates the detection of true dynamic behavior In this case, randomization reduced the standard deviation of the smoothing splines from 18.6% to 1.4% and thus significantly ... spline-smoothed and used to normalize pERK1 and ERK1 signals, having similar molecular masses pERK1 and ERK1 signals were converted to number of molecules per cell using the protein standard depicted...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... time, A REVIEW Ok" 131:DU,,eTI'IONARGUMENTS The demonstration of the computational complexity of I.FGs rcii~ upon the standard complexity- theoretic technique of reduction Becauso this method may ... pattern, kiss((SubjeetXObject)), and thus demand that the Subject and Object (now considered to be "features") have some value in the final analysis The values for Subject and Object might of course ... accords with the dicates of the verb/s, and all is well Similarly, in the sentence, the boys in the band is kissing John, bays passes up the number value olural, and this clashes with the verb's constraint;...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling K I Ramachandran · G Deepa · K Namboori Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling Principles and Applications 123 Dr K I Ramachandran ... only one σ and a center of inversion and one Cn axis one Cn axis and n σv one Cn axis and one σh plane one Cn axis, nC2 axes and nσv planes one Cn axis nC2 axes and nσv planes 28 Symmetry and Point ... Modelling: Applications and Theory Computational and Theoretical Polymer Science Computers and Chemistry International Journal of Quantum Chemistry Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics Journal...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 18:20

... Class-specific and conserved residues, shown in blue and red, respectively, are mapped to the structure of one of the proteins in the sequence family, and clustered in 3D space 2928 M Filizola and H Weinstein ... Javitch, and Lei Shi for illuminating collaborative studies, and to Dr Masha Niv for comments on the manuscript Computational support was provided FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 2926–2938 ª 2005 FEBS Computational ... coupling and ligand binding specificity, Science 240, 1310–1316 Schoneberg T, Liu J & Wess J (1995) Plasma membrane localization and functional rescue of truncated forms of 2936 M Filizola and H...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... Petri nets, and turns out to offer interesting new complexity trade-offs, as we prove that k-boundedness and k-rankedness are E XP T IME-complete for MLIGs, and that the emptiness and membership ... grounds (Joshi et al., 2000; Kallmeyer and Parmentier, 2008), and on complexity/ expressiveness grounds (Søgaard et al., 2007; Kallmeyer and Parmentier, 2008; Chiang and Scheffler, 2008) The shortest ... vector grammar (Cremers and Mayer, 1974, UVG), and still generates Lmix other tree description formalisms subsume them (Candito and Kahane, 1998; Kallmeyer, 2001; Guillaume and Perrier, 2010) Another...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... are computationally complex and can encode provably intractable problems 4.3 Barton, G.E (1985) "On the Complexity of ID/LP Parsing," Computational Linguistics, 11(4): 205-218 Chandra, A and ... and a string z in Y', is x in L(G)?." Garey and Johnson(1979) is a standard reference work in the field of computational complexity All 10 automata and language recognition problems covered in ... between expanded and unexpanded grammar statements," strongly implying that G P S G is efficiently processable as a consequence 14 But this "expanded grammar" is not adequately expanded, i.e...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... are likewise computationally well-behaved It is more troublesome to navigate through the lexicons of the dictionary component, and the current implementation spends considerable time wandering about ... Barton, E (1985) "The Computational Complexity of Two-Level Morphology," A.I Memo No 856, M.I.T Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, Mass Gajek, O., H Beck, D Elder, and G Whittemore (1983) ... KIMMO system]," Texas Linguistic Forum 22:187-202 Garey, M., and D Johnson (1979) Computers and Intractability San Francisco: W H Freeman and Co Karttunen, L (1983) "KIMMO: A Two-Level Morpho• logical...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... discourse context contains objects A, B, and C (and no other objects), and these objects have the following classifications and attributes (of which both the speaker and the hearer are aware): A) B) ... expression if and only if 3.3 Computational Tractability Computational complexity considerations are used in this paper to determine exactly how the nounnecessary-elements, brevity, and lexicalpreference ... assumption Section 7.1 discusses the computational impact of NPHard preference rules i00 Hard problem (Garey and Johnson 1979), and thus solving it is in general computationally intractable (assuming...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... foundations Computationally universal dynamical systems, computational complexity and algorithmic randomness are what he hopes the way to invoke the triptych of nonlinearity, complexity and randomness ... Rationality and the Emergence of Simplicity Amidst Complexity 111 Cassey Lee Emergent Complexity in Agent-Based Computational Economics 131 Shu-Heng Chen and Shu G Wang Non-Linear Dynamics, Complexity and ... theory, stochastic complexity, descriptive complexity theory, information-based theory of complexity, Diophantine complexity and plain, old-fashioned, (nonlinear) dynamic complexity Correspondingly,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science Advanced Questions Question Prove that for any positive functions f and g, f(n) + g(n) and max(f(n), g(n)) are asymptotically ... 10:09:56 2/5 Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science Write a recurrence equation for the running time T(n) of g(n), and solve that recurrence Algorithm g (val ... Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science  If [n/2] is even, the run-time efficiency is: n/4.(n/4-1)...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 15:20

... July 21, 2010 9:59 Printer Name: Yet to Come COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE where rand1 and rand2 are random positive numbers uniformly distributed in (0,1) and are drawn anew for each dimension of each ... graduate students and researchers in computer science, bioinformatics, computational and molecular biology, biochemistry, systems science, and information technology both as a text and reference ... of standard Boolean logic It is interesting to note about the correspondence between two- and multivalued logic operations for AND, OR, and NOT It is possible to resolve the statement A AND B,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

... en and f = f1 fn f n is Let A be the set of alignments, a, such that a1 a permutation of 1, , n and an+1 = We set  1 if f = fj , e = ei and Mj, i =  ˆ t (f |e) = if f = f and e = ... Proof: Let M and N be the two 0-1 matri(1) (1) (1) ces Let f = f1 f2 fn , e(1) = e1 e2 en (2) (2) (2) and e(2) = e1 e2 en Further, let e(1) and e(2) have no words in common and each word ... bigrams that occur in e(1) and e(2) to and all other bigram probabilities to 0, we can ensure that the only translations considered by E-D ECODING -3 are indeed e(1) and e(2) and P e(1) = P e(2) =...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... Standardizing a Random Variable Let X be a random variable with E[X] = àX and var(X) = De& a new random ne X variable Z as X àX Z= = X X X X X which is a linear function aX + b where a = and ... regression model is constructed by the above standardization process A non-standard random variable X with mean àX and variance can be created X from a standard random variable via the linear transformation ... (stu to add: if X and Y are independent then f (X) and g(Y ) are independent for any functions f (ã) and g(ã).) 2.5 Covariance and Correlation Let X and Y be two discrete random variables Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 17:30

... terms that occur in molecule A are the bonds, b, between atoms and 2, and 3, and and 4; angles θ, involving atoms 1–2– and atoms 2–3–4, and a dihedral or torsional angle, χ, described by atoms 1–2–3–4 ... both theoreticians and experimentalists in all areas of biophysics and biochemical research This volume thus presents a current and comprehensive account of computational methods and their application ... this book and, most important, for supplying the insights, knowledge, and environment that laid the foundation for our scientific pursuits in computational biochemistry and biophysics and led directly...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:46

... Applying fuzzy logic to the case above of Andy gives that • • μA∪¬A (Andy) = max(μA (Andy), μ¬A (Andy)) = max(0.8, 0.2) = 0.8 μA∩¬A (Andy) = min(μA (Andy), μ¬A (Andy)) = min(0.8, 0.2) = 0.2 However, ... μA∩B (Andy) = min(μA (Andy), μB (Andy)) = min(0.8, 0.7) = 0.7, indicating the possibility of Andy being both tall and young Not only having an intuitive justification, these operations are also computationally ... intuitions: • • • μ¬A (Andy) = − 0.8 = 0.2, indicating the possibility of Andy being not tall μA∪B (Andy) = max(μA (Andy), μB (Andy)) = max(0.8, 0.7) = 0.8, indicating the possibility of Andy being tall...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 14:56