... learning and teaching of foreign andsecond language.
Good choice and use of learning strategies would help learners become more
independent and autonomous as well as improve learners’ language ... differences in language learning, language learning
strategies, as well as gender differences in language learning strategies and give
rationale for the study. Chapter two describes and justifies ... emphasized two major reasons for the significance of language
learning strategies in language teaching. Firstly, by examining the strategies used
by secondlanguage learners during the language...
... in a second language, the study of another languageand
culture can only enhance their perception and understanding of other cultures.
No matter what the underlying motivation to study a second ... Factor in
Second Language Acquisition
Jacqueline Norris-Holt
This paper explores Gardner's socio-educational model and the significance of motivation
as a contributing factor in secondlanguage ... are interrelated when learning a second language. Unlike other research carried out
in the area, Gardner's model looks specifically at secondlanguageacquisition in a
structured classroom...
... for you).
–
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES: COMPAREAND CONTRAST
–
72
■
As you go through your day, compareandcontrast things around you. Compareand contrast, for exam-
ple, your current job ... (a compareandcontrast essay might tell you
which car is better) or which savings bond to invest in
(a compareandcontrast essay will show you which
bond is best for you).
–
SIMILARITIES AND ... read.
Why Compareand Contrast?
In addition to following the ABABAB or AAABBB
structure, compareandcontrast passages must, like all
other passages, have a point. There’s a reason that these
two items...
... individual journey into
English as her secondlanguage as well as the
ways the two languages and cultures, her home
language and culture and the new language
and culture she was acquiring, were ... POINT
Understanding English Language Learners’
Needs and the LanguageAcquisition Process:
Two Teacher Educators’ Perspectives
5
language acquisition process that we acquire
language naturally ... any
background or training in second- language
acquisition, English as a secondlanguage (ESL)
methods, or cross-cultural communication.
(p. 10)
Many English language learners spend most of...
... in English
and Chinese, and also exploits the large
amount of Chinese text available in cor-
pora and on the Web. We evaluated the
topic signatures on a WSD task, where
we trained a second- order ... =
N
i=1
v
i
w
i
N
i=1
v
i
2
N
i=1
w
i
2
where v and w are vectors and N is the dimen-
sion of the vector space. The more overlap there
is between the neighbours of the two words whose
vectors are compared, the higher ... work on any language pair.
5 Conclusion and Future Work
We presented a novel method for acquiring En-
glish topic signatures from large quantities of
Chinese text and English-Chinese and Chinese-
English...
... inquiry. Language Learning, 54,
79–117.
Long, M. H. (1996). The role of the linguistic environment in second
language acquisition. In W. C. Ritchie & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook
Sueyoshi and ... Lynch, K. (1999).Offeringa
hand to pragmatic understanding: The role of speech and gesture in
comprehension and memory. Journal of Memory and Language, 40,
577–592.
Lansing, C. R., & McConkie, ... behaviour
in listening and implications for foreign andsecondlanguage learning.
Applied Linguistics, 13, 239–281.
Kelly, S. D., Barr, D. J., Church, R. B., & Lynch, K. (1999).Offeringa
hand to pragmatic...
... track of the student’s academic and
linguistic development and progress in second- languageacquisitionand should suggest and make
changes to a student’s program and provide additional supports ... Second- LanguageAcquisitionand Literacy Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Stages of Second- LanguageAcquisition for ESL Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Stages of Second- Language ... small,
cooperative groups
– understand and respect different
cultural values
– show pride in and knowledge
of own culture and language
– express interest in the cultures
and languages of peers
– discuss...
... spelling mistakes and he met many problems
and used a lot of strategies to solve them.
1. Introduction
*
Second language (L2) composition
research and teaching have developed and
matured to ... Foreign Languages 24 (2008) 184-197
190
database, and a chain of evidence (Yin [25])
and adopting a systematic and
comprehensive data analysis scheme has
helped increase the reliability and validity ... to
compare and to combine ideas.
“I believe that of course the history all is not
correct but if you compare a lot of sources together
you can find out what is wrong and what is right
and...
...
foreign language instruction, and English as a Second Language. Their annotations show
that a number of theorists and practitioners in secondlanguage instruction are pushing the
boundaries of standard ... in a first languageand writing in a second language,
how writing fits into Krashen’s language acquisition/ learning model, and writing as a
developmental process.
Dvorak draws two important ... Study.”
Foreign Language Acquisition: Research and the Classroom. Ed. Barbara F.
Freed. Foreign LanguageAcquisition Research and Instruction. Lexington,
Massachusetts: D. C. Heath and Co., 1991....
... contained a dominant language fully
compatible with this (minimal) grammar.
4.3 Emergence of Languageand Learners
To explore the emergence and persistence of struc-
tured language, and consequently ... set to default values.
2 The LanguageAcquisition Device
A model of the LanguageAcquisition Device (LAD)
incorporates a UG with associated parameters, a
parser, and an algorithm for updating ... permutation (P) and backward and
forward colnposition (I?C, BC) are given in Fig-
ure 1 (where X, Y and Z are category variables,
[ is a vm'iable over slash and backslash, and
denotes zero...
... texts: Maria and Evert responses after
reading I Hate English). I also compare d and contrasted the four participants’ findings
for the two beginners (Maria and Evert) and the intermediate and fluent ... of languageand literacy. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pray, L, and R Jimenez. 2009. A response to “Literacy and English language learners: A shifting landscape for students,
teachers, researchers, and ... process. All errors and omission are my own.
Author's information
Deoksoon Kim is an Assistant Professor of Foreign Language Education andSecondLanguageAcquisition and
Instructional Technology...