community herbivores and their natural enemies

... to stand basal area and density, especially in old-growth stands Understandably, in young developing stands, annual litterfall rates increase as crown coverage increases (with age and stand basal ... Glover and Beer (1986) Central highlands, Ethiopia 28 5.01 0.35–0.58 Lisanework and Michelsen (1994) Rajvanshi and Gupta (1985) Toky and Ramakrishnan (1982) Toky and Ramakrishnan (1982) Toky and ... wide range of stands under steady-state conditions is independent of stand basal area and stand density However, the rate at which this equilibrium is approached is not; and denser stands may reach...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... pathophysiology of osteoporosis and the local and global environment in which the bone operates The local environment includes muscle and connective tissue attachments and the adjacent intervertebral ... lowest BMD, lowest trabecular number and greatest trabecular separation Generally vertebrae are less dense anteriorly and superiorly and more dense posteriorly and inferiorly with heterogeneity ... of longissimus and iliocostalis, thus reducing their capacity to resist shear force and Int J Med Sci 2004 1: 170-180 174 increasing the compression vector [57] Spinal posture and geometry may...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 09:49

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 03:20

... classroom setting and the educational/political system Positive Washback 5.1 Classroom setting Teachers and learners will be motivated to fulfil their teaching and learning goals (Anderson & Wall, ... curricular offerings and modes of instruction, and potentially reduce the capacities of teachers to teach content and to use methods and materials that are incompatible with standardized testing ... positive toward tests and accordingly alter their learning motivation Decision makers overwhelmingly use tests to promote their political agendas and to seize influence and control of educational...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 12:20

... care and supporting the cultural and social lives of their communities.7 The health and social care system has a role in enabling older people to live as full and healthy a life as possible and ... new drugs and new levels of regulation Our population will expect access to these improvements The need to understand demand patterns and work with providers in primary, community and secondary ... hospitals, local hospitals and 30 community hospital facilities, with 4,361 beds in acute and local hospitals, and 1,924 community beds In addition there are 60 statutory residential and nursing homes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... align their aid and partnership strategies to the priorities outlined therein [3,4 ] Policy and regulatory incentives and more open access policies are also needed if private investment, CSO and community ... these, from private domestic banks and lending funds to public financial instruments and procedures, have the potential to improve their operations and expand their scope of influence substantially ... ICT and its various enabling roles into their development agendas, but also to refine and expand the position of ICT in those strategies and the national e-development or ICTD strategies, in tandem...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20

... investors monitor and update their accounts Employees in these functions work in call centers and help shareholders and their financial advisers with questions about investors’ accounts and with processing ... and early 2008, when money market funds had strong cash inflows, their holdings of commercial paper rose, along with their holdings of Treasury and agency securities, certificates of deposit, and ... encourage adherence to high ethical standards, promote public understanding, and otherwise advance the interests of funds, their shareholders, directors, and advisers Although information or data...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21

... encourage adherence to high ethical standards, promote public understanding, and otherwise advance the interests of funds, their shareholders, directors, and advisers Although information or data ... indexing and index funds, with an emphasis on equity funds In 2009, we dedicated a separate chapter to ETFs, reflecting both their rapid asset growth and their increasing diversity as they expand ... together our talents and deep knowledge of funds and their investors, to publish the latest edition of the Fact Book Thank you for your continued interest and feedback on our research and publications...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... emission and fuel and oil quality standards; vehicle licensing, registration, and inspection; certification and licensing of fuel dispensing and service stations to test in-use vehicle emissions and ... that target critical factors and pollutants and deliver results rapidly, such as fuel and oil quality improvements, stop smuggled fuel and oil (from Iran and Iraq) and metered fuel-oil mixtures ... take into consideration their unique needs and priorities, as well as their capabilities and constraints, to achieve low-cost, fail safe, and robust policy outcomes, and to accord primacy to...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20

... of the fetal heart between 16 and 30 weeks of gestation, and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies were not considered pathogenic for the adult heart In support of this, Gordon and colleagues [20] did not find ... antibodies is undoubtedly expanding In addition to the classical complete and incomplete CHB, there is progressive recognition of transient CHB, severe late-onset cardiomyopathy and endocardial fibroelastosis ... disease and pregnancy: report of six cases Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996, 64:143146 34 Buyon JP, Clancy RM: Maternal autoantibodies and congenital heart block: mediators, markers, and therapeutic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... (EMG) [11,12] and gait analysis [11,13,14] The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of TP muscle and tendon anatomy and to review current evidence that describes normal and abnormal ... understand the role of TP in the development of pathology and in disease-specific populations including RA, cerebral palsy and TPTD Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Foot and ... idea for the review, RS and GSM drafted the manuscript and the figures, GSM prepared the video supplement, JW and DET critically revised the manuscript All authors read and approved the final...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 21:23

... reduction (e.g MMT and NEP) and HIV prevention (e.g VCT) were successful and had positive effects in reducing drug related risk behaviors among drug users in both institution-based and community- based ... incarceration, voluntary counseling and testing and harm reduction intervention Results Current policies regarding drug use and HIV prevention among drug users In 1990, the Standing Office of National ... professional staff and funding to provide these services, especially at the city or county level Police and medical staff lack the knowledge and skills for delivering harm-reduction and behavioralchange...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 18:20

... clinical scenarios; and • paediatric journal club critiques Finally, we, the editorial team at Critical Care, thank all of our readers, authors, referees and Editorial Board members for their continued ... all of their hard work, a list of whom can be found at the end of this issue of the journal and on the website (http://ccforum.com/info/about/reviewers.asp) Competing interests KL, ER and CH ... from the title of the online version We hope the changes we have introduced over the past year, and will continue to make in the coming years, will increase your enjoyment of the journal Some...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 20:21

... (2008) and Demyanyk and Van Hemert (2008), it appears the United States (in 2007); Argentina (in 1980); Chile (in 1982); Sweden, Norway, and Finland in (1992); Mexico (in 1994); and Thailand, Indonesia, ... between 1998 and 2005 (see Mayer and Pence (2008) for measures of the size and the increase of the subprime mortgage market based on US Department of Housing and Urban Development and LoanPerformance ... declines in countries after banking crises, and banks tend to reallocate their asset portfolios away from loans and improve their cost efficiency Wheelock and Wilson (2000) analyze what factors predict...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... between $24 and $450 billion attributed to the health hazards, between $5 and $37 billion to the visibility costs, between $4 and $8 billion to material-damage costs, and between $2 and $6 billion ... design and data sources (prevalence or incidence, topdown or bottom-up), cost components and their estimation, discount rate, treatment of uncertainty, and the question of attributable and avoidable ... the differences between the estimates of McCubbin and Delucchi [38,43], and those made by Krupnick and Portney [74], Hall et al [75], and Small and Kazimi [76], can be explained largely by different...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... active drivers aged 55 years and older in Finland, Germany and Italy Reduction of driving was common to all three countries (62% of the samples in Germany and Finland and 44% in Italy), reflected ... driven and cease driving compared to those that have never driven, and different for driving men and women The elderly are not a homogonous group and demographics, behaviours and travel patterns and ... facilities and public transport stops Consideration be given to improved infrastructure and land-use to facilitate accessibility and availability of transport options, to ensure the safety and security...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 18:20

... dropped and the others were revised, and (3) the section devoted to cross-cutting themes (basic understanding of the ocean, research support through ocean observation and infrastructure, and expanded ... Massachusetts, and Alexander H Flax, consultant, Columbia, Maryland The review of Part II of this report was overseen by Garry D Brewer, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, and Alexander H Flax, ... Statement of Task and Recommendations, 38 EVALUATING THEMATIC PRIORITIES AND CROSSTHEME INTEGRATION Stewardship of Our Natural and Cultural Ocean Resources, 47 Increasing Resilience to Natural Hazards,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 06:20

... relationship between moisture and temperature on skin and upper airway symptoms was investigated and showed that skin dryness and rashes, pharyngeal dryness, and nasal dryness and congestion are alleviated ... buildings and condominiums with damp problems could have their health affected by microbial contamination.35–37) On the other hand, physiological and psychological effects of low humidity and low ... flammable and reactive compound that is miscible in water and one of the most common solvents, with the chemical formula C2 H4 O.104) It occurs naturally in ripe fruit, coffee, and bread, and is...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... and advice throughout the writing of this report and Michael Polich and Craig Moore for their constructive reviews Major Harvey Johnson and Gwen Rutherford, from OSD (P&R), also contributed their ... previous month and landing performance and reflects the fact that both recent and cumulative training contribute to improved performance - 18 Table 3.1 Career Training and F-14 Landing Performance ... Winkler, Fernandez, and Polich (1992) Their study looks at the relationship between AFQT and the performance of three-person teams on communications tasks, including making a system operational and troubleshooting...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... public attention on what and how much children consume and which foods and beverages they are encouraged to eat and drink Government agencies, private organizations, and food and entertainment industry ... beverages and candy/frozen desserts ($11.6 million each), and juice and non-carbonated beverages ($10.2 million) Relative to overall in-store and packaging expenditures for the reported brands, the ... appeared on packages and store displays for fruit snacks, breakfast cereals, candy, yogurt, frozen waffles, toaster pastries, macaroni and cheese, and fruits and vegetables Multi-brand food companies...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20