combined heat and power generation

... Optimization Introduction Combined heat and power (CHP) plants in which heat and power are produced together are now widely used and are more advantageous in terms of energy and exergy efficiencies ... regenerator and the intercooler are counter-flow and the heat conductances (heat transfer surface area and heat transfer coefficient product) of the hot-, cold- and consumer-side heat exchangers, ... CHP plant with heat resistance and internal irreversibility [27] and an irreversible Dual cycle CHP plant with heat resistance, heat leakage and internal irreversibility [28], and compared the

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:59

... 113 “Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies.” U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Combined Heat and Power Partnership September 2007 114 “Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog ... Protection Agency, Combined Heat and Power Partnership September 2007 115 “Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies.” U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Combined Heat and Power Partnership ... 122 “Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog of Technologies.” U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Combined Heat and Power Partnership September 2007 123 “Biomass Combined Heat and Power Catalog

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2022, 08:37

... consider a joint rate and power control problem in a wireless data traffic relay network with fading channels The optimization problem is formulated in terms of power and rate selection, and link transmission ... source and relay, and that between the relay and destination, where t takes values from a set of discrete times We will term the wireless channels associated with x(t) and y(t) as the incoming and ... for the noise intensity, channel gain, and power to set η1 = η2 = 0.025 (for 10−10 mW), and the values of x1 , x2 , and y by the same set {1, 0.1}, M Huang and S Dey 13 3 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 1.5 1 50

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... Appendix G Heat transfer characteristics of tubes G1.1 GRAPHS OF VARYING HEAT MEDIUM TEMPERATURE Figure G1. Variation of overall heat transfer coefficient with heat medium temperature ... performance ratio with heat medium temperature for corrugated tubes with variable corrugation pitch and depth. Figure G5. Variation of specific heat transfer area with heat medium temperature ... transfer coefficient with heat medium flow rate for corrugated tubes with variable corrugation pitch and depth. Figure G7. Variation of overall heat transfer coefficient with heat medium flow rate

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:36

... Model of Combined Water and Power Plant 3.12 Simulation flow chart of the combined water and power plant Power Plant RO MED Initialize variables for power plant Conpute mass of air and fuel ... both power and desalted water by a combined water and power plant has better efficient use of fuel as compared to separate power and desalting plants Therefore, cogeneration ... pitch and depth Figure G2 Variation of overall heat transfer... 3.1 Schematic of a combined water and power plant 33 Figure 3 .2 Schematic Diagram of Combined Cycle Power

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:36

... variable corrugation pitch and depth (Refer to Table 4.1) Heat Medium Temperature Pressure Drop Heat Flow Rate Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient Heat Flow Rate Specific Heat Transfer Area Water ... role of a heater for the incoming feed water. The water baths have a capacity of 10 litres and can supply a maximum pumping power of 25KW. Variables such as the heat medium temperature and feed ... heater for the incoming feed water The water baths have a capacity of 10 litres and can supply a maximum pumping power of 25KW Variables such as the heat medium temperature and

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:36

... Lummus Heat Exchanger Division (now Yuba Heat Transfer Corporation) as an application and product engineer on power and process heat exchangers Mr Andreone has been con- tinuously active in the heat ... address varied power and energy generation topics The editor contacted professionals who knew the worldwide ensemble of energy and generation experts Efforts were made not to miss any power generation ... Energy and power generation handbook : established and emerging technologies / editor K.R Rao   p cm Includes bibliographical references ISBN 978-0-7918-5955-1   1.  Electric power production — Handbooks,

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2018, 14:59

... interdependencies and reliability in the combined power and ICT system This paper contributes to the body of knowledge of interdependencies and reliability specifically in the combined power and ICT system ... in Chapter Power and ICT interdependencies 2.1 Overview of the combined power and ICT system The basic constituents of a power system are generation units, transformers, transmission and distribution ... lines, and consumers As produced and consumed power must balance at all times, supervision and operation of power systems is an essential and complicated task A simplified sketch of a national power

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 15:00

... late 1960s and early 1970s with pioneering papers by Rockefeller (1969), Mann and Morrison (1971), and Poncelet (1972) and an early field experiment (Gilcrest et al., 1972; Rockefeller and Udren, ... phase-to-phase and three-phase faults, ground distance, ground-overcurrent, a pilot scheme, breaker failure, and reclosing logic demanded redundant wiring, several hundred watts of power, and a lot ... Standard C37.90, provides the standard for the Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) to be built into protective relay equipment. The standard consists of both an oscillatory and transient test. Typically

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... industry. References Anderson, P.M. and Bose, A., A probabilistic approach to power system stability analysis, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-102(8), 2430–2439, August 1983. Anderson, ... for Power System Stability, Kluwer, Boston, MA, 1989. Pao, Y., and Sobajic, D.J., Combined use of unsupervised and supervised learning for dynamic security assessment, IEEE Transactions on Power ... 1993. Ribbens-Pavella M. and Evans, F.J., Direct methods for studying dynamics of large-scale electric power systems—A survey, Automatica, 21(1), 1–21, 1985. Sauer, P.W. and Pai, M.A., Power System Dynamics and Stability,

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... Introduction Turbine-generators for power production are critical parts of electric power systems, which provide power and energy to the user. The power system can range from a single generator and load to a complex ... complex system may contain hundreds of power lines at various voltage levels and hundreds of transformers, turbine-generators, and loads. When the power system and its components are in the normal ... American Power Conference, Vol 57, 1985 51 Andorka, M and Yohn, T., Vibration induced retaining ring failure due to steel mill Power plant electromechanical interaction, in IEEE 1996 Summer Power

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... interchange error and frequency error and represents the power imbalance between generation and load at any instant. This ACE must be filtered or smoothed such that excessive and random changes in ... angles, and power flows for all components in the system; and reports overload conditions. . Power flow: Determines the steady-state conditions of the power system network for a specified generation and ... for that particular demand, and this calculation is done every few minutes as the demand changes. The losses in the power system are a function of the generation pattern, and they are taken into account

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... through the forces of supply and demand. Economic theory and common sense tell us that if the total supply is high and the demand is low, the price is likely to be low, and v ice versa. If the price ... certain demand and other system constraints. The following sections define EDC, the UC problem, and discuss methods that have been used to solve these problems. Realizing that electric power grids ... which is primarily determined by fuel cost and usage. Fuel usage is closely related to generation level. Very often, the relationship between power level and fuel cost is approximated by a quadratic

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... angle difference between bus i and bus j, g ij and b ij are the conductance and susceptance of line i-j, respectively, and g i sh and b i sh are the shunt conductance and susceptance at bus i, respectively. Using ... assessment and enhancement applications. AC power flow algorithms calculate real and reactive line flows based on a multitude of inputs with generator bus voltages, real power bus injections, and reactive ... performs data acquisition and remote control of a power system Energy Management System (EMS)—A computer system that monitors, controls, and optimizes the transmission and generation. ..Using

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... Electric Power Engineering Handbook Second Edition Edited by Leonard L. Grigsby Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Edited by Leonard L. Grigsby Electric Power Transformer ... Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry C. Whitaker The Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, Richard C. Dorf The Handbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing, Alexander D. Poularikas The Handbook ... this handbook. This volume of the handbook is devoted to the subjects of electric power generation by both conventional and nonconventional methods, transmission systems, distribution systems, power

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... and larger wind farms. In addition, a comparative cost and power study should be performed to determine the relative economics of HAWT and VAWT wind farms. International Journal of Energy and ... that a uniform grid arrangement is also best in the case of a VAWT for optimal power generation. 2. Wake, power and cost modeling of a HAWT 2.1 Jensen's wake modeling of a HAWT All the ... simple wake model of Jensen [4] and use a genetic algorithm for optimization of an objective function based on power output or a combination of power output and cost [1-3]. In Jensen’s model,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 17:03

... maintenance and cost advantages found with power fuses. Protection and control devices, circuit breakers, and station batteries are required. The overcurrent relays are a small part of the total cost and ... load currents during peak and emergency conditions, performing coordination studies that include source and low side protection equipment, and expected transformer size and winding configuration ... underestimate the heating effect. Bear in mind that ‘‘true-rms’’ is only as good as the pass-band of the antialiasing filters and sampling rate, for numerical relays. A second effect is heating due...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... If above, the reverse power gets as low as 0.2 to 2% of the rated power and a sensitive reverse power relay is then needed. With steam turbines operating at full vacuum and zero steam input, ... 95TP102, 1995. IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems, ANSI=IEEE 242–1986. Ilar, M. and Wittwer, M., Numerical generator protection offers ... a small set-value SET_4 and the negative and zero sequence currents I2 and I2 do not exceed a small set-value SET_3, then a fuse failure condition will pick up to one and remain in that state...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... location. As the power systems become more complex and the fault current varies with changes in generation and system configuration, directional overcurrent relays become difficult to apply and to set ... a multiphase fault between phases x and y, Ex À Ey Ix À Iy ¼ Z 1 (3:1) where x and y can be a, b, or c and Z 1 is the positive sequence impedance between the relay location and the fault. For ground distance ... they provide both phase and ground protection. A basic complement of relays would be two phase and one ground relay. This arrangement will protect the line for all combinations of phase and ground faults...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08

... in time, the process of power system cascading may start, leading to power system separation. When a power system separates, islands with an imbalance between generation and load are formed. One ... operating conditions such as voltage profile and generation dispatch, coordinating relays and controls, and load shedding. Most utilities rely on planning and operation studies to guard against voltage ... voltage collapse An operating point Active power margin Reactive power mar g in FIGURE 4.2 Relationship between voltages, active and reactive powers of the load and voltage collapse. ß 2006 by Taylor...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:08