co2 isotope lasers and their applications in tunable laser spectroscopy

... respectively Determinants, their elements, their rejecter and retainer minors, their simple and scaled cofactors, their row and column vectors, and their derivatives have all been expressed in a notation ... (2) and (3) can be obtained formally from (B) and (D), respectively, by interchanging the symbols a and A and either raising or lowering all their parameters 3.5 3.5.1 The Adjoint Determinant ... or uninterested in the outstanding contributions to the theory and application of determinants made in the course of research into problems in mathematical physics These usually appear in Section...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:29

... respectively Determinants, their elements, their rejecter and retainer minors, their simple and scaled cofactors, their row and column vectors, and their derivatives have all been expressed in a notation ... (2) and (3) can be obtained formally from (B) and (D), respectively, by interchanging the symbols a and A and either raising or lowering all their parameters 3.5 3.5.1 The Adjoint Determinant ... or uninterested in the outstanding contributions to the theory and application of determinants made in the course of research into problems in mathematical physics These usually appear in Section...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:02

... article as: Zheng and Feng: Some new nonlinear integral inequalities and their applications in the qualitative analysis of differential equations Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011 ... not blow up in finite time Then T = ∞, and the solutions of (46) are global Zheng and Feng Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:20 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/20 ... Zheng and Feng Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2011, 2011:20 http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/content/2011/1/20 Page of 15 nondecreasing in x for every fixed y and nondecreasing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... sensitized dye, and enhance incident light harvest, the use of TNTs in DSSCs has been explored [14-15] In the present work, the effect of combining TiO2 nanoparticles with TNTs and the resulting effect ... were calcined in air at 450°C for h using a programmable furnace to obtain the desired TiO2 stoichiometry and crystallinity TNTs were prepared using a hydrothermal process described in the authors' ... The pastes were finished by grinding in a three-roller mill [17] An optically transparent conducting glass (FTO, sheet resistance /sq) was washed in ethanol and deionized water in an ultrasonic...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... Majorization and Its Applications, vol 143 of Mathematics in Science and Engineering, Academic Press, New York, NY, USA, 1979 17 C.-L Wang, “On development of inverses of the Cauchy and Holder inequalities,” ... /n 3.1 In this section, we obtain the application in the algebraic Riccati equation of our results including 3.1 Some of our results and 3.1 cannot contain each other Theorem 3.1 If 1/p and K ... Journal of Inequalities and Applications Main Results The following lemmas are used to prove the main results Lemma 2.1 see 16, page 92, H.2.c If x ≥ · · · ≥ x n , y ≥ · · · ≥ y n and x ≺ y,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... Advances in Wavelet Theory and Their Applications in Engineering, Physics and Technology (a) (b) Fig The original license plate candidate image is shown in (a) and prominent edges in the LP candidate ... are in the 1/2 pixel positions are determined relatively to their neighbouring pixels in the integer positions as follows: 32 Advances in Wavelet Theory and Their Applications in Engineering, ... image (a) and image (b) shows prominent edges (a) (b) Fig The original license plate candidate image is shown in (a) and prominent edges in the LP candidate are shown in (b) using single level...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 00:20

... cyclic imines: gymnodimine, spirolides, pinnatoxins, pteriatoxins, prorocentrolide, spiro-prorocentrimine, and symbioimines In: Seafood and Freshwater toxins: Pharmacology, Physiology and Detection ... incidents affected mainly Europe (first outbreak in 1961 in the Netherlands) and Japan (the second incident is reported in Japan in the late 1970s), whereas currently diarrheic shellfish toxin ... cyclic imines produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii SPXs are included in the emerging toxin group because they have been recently isolated and characterised: in early 1990s, (in scallops...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 10:20

... Biosciences), which absorb and emit in higher wavelength light (ex/em, 774/789 nm), and investigated their applicability in cell labeling and in vivo imaging Results and discussions Preparation ... examined in animal studies prior to their clinical application Page of 14 In particular, these biological processes should be investigated in a dynamic and real-time form with living animals In ... biodistribution is independent of the routes of administration, such as intravenous injection [13-15,18,53,75,78,79], intraperitoneal injection [26], intratracheally instillation [77], and inhalation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 09:43

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2014, 08:12

... several esters and diesters of Propylene Glycol and fatty acids These ingredients are used in cosmetic formulations as skin conditioning agents, viscosity increasing agents, and surfactants and are ... such as G' and G˝ are not functions of stress / strain amplitude In other words, within this domain of linear viscoelasticity, the magnitudes of stress and strain are related linearly, and the behavior ... components and their resulting interactions Gels can be classified based on the nature of solvents used, the gelator molecules involved and on the nature of the intermolecular interactions present in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:51

... floating gate design with (red, thick lines) and without (black, thin lines) the added oxide layer for channel length of (c) 10.1 and (d) 14.9 nm The solid and dash lines indicate increasing and ... Drain and phonon scattering process eV Gn(E), Gp(E) Correlation function for electrons and holes eV in( E) Total in- scattering self-energy eV in  E  , in  E  , in  E  S D ph In- scattering ... total in- and outscattering self-energies, in and Σout are modified as: in in  S  in  in , D ph (2.4.16) out  out  S   out   out , D ph (2.4.17) and the contacts out-scattering self-energies...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:39

... an outstanding figure in mathematical science, but also a person full of kindness and being supportive In his research, he always sees through the fundamental things and has deep insight into the ... conducting our weekly seminars on image processing Through those seminars I have gained a lot in both theoretical and applicational aspects His profound knowledge, broad vision and critical thinking ... thinking and doing mathematics has greatly in uenced my research Moreover, Professor Shen also encourages me to research on my own, and helps me to cultivate self-confidence and independent thinking...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:08

... difficulties in formulating and solving this problem In the context of PA-SUEED, this problem becomes even more complicated and challenging This dissertation thus investigates about formulating and solving ... enormous increase in demand, some other challenges have emerged for the transportation planning, which include environmental degradation and global warming, safety issue and increasing complexity ... Electronic Road Pricing system in Singapore GA Genetic Algorithm IIA Independent and irrelevant alternatives IL Integrated Loading LTA Land Transport Authority MPEC Mathematical programming with equilibrium...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:48

... Taylor-Couette Flow and Melt Flow in Czochralski Crystal Growth Many important engineering flows involve swirl or rotation, for example, the flows in combustion, turbomachinery and mixing tanks In this part ... (2.26) (2.27) where ε=δt and D ≡ (∂ t + e β ⋅ ∂ β ) , β=x,y Retaining terms up to O(ε2) in Eqs (2.26) and (2.27) and substituting into LBE Eq (2.6) results in the following equations: O(ε0): (f ... important in my life have stood behind me throughout this work I am deeply grateful to my wife, Chaoling and every member of my family, my parents and my sisters, for their love and their confidence in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 14:36

... Solving NLPs and MINLPs 147 5.1 Introduction 148 5.2 Description of DETL 152 5.3 Handling Integer and Binary Variables 155 5.4 Handling Constraint and Boundary Violations 156 5.5 Implementation and ... developments and applications of global optimization can be found in engineering discipline including chemical engineering The reason is that mathematical programming is an active and vibrant research in ... non-linear programming problems (NLPs) having constraints and different degrees of complexity, and several mixed-integer non-linear programming problems (MINLPs) which involve process design and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 21:39

... determining whether a cell is contained in a contact discontinuity and to find the rule of switching between (2.25) and (2.29) Colella and Woodward (1984) considered a cell to be inside a discontinuity ... methods are validated using a set of test problems In chapter 5, RMI with single- and random-mode perturbations driven by imploding shocks is investigated Results in planar and cylindrical geometries ... detailed numerical investigation of RMI triggered by imploding and exploding shocks, which refer to shocks moving radially inwards and outwards, respectively, in a cylindrical coordinate system The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:44

... 15mW In contrast to the great development of the SESAM mode-locking in the above solid state lasers, semiconductor lasers and fiber lasers, the development of SESAM mode-locking in dye lasers ... progress in the research on ultrafast lasers has enabled the increased applications of these lasers in the areas such as physics, chemistry, biology and medicine Most applications of ultrafast lasers ... passive mode-locking by SESAMs During the last two decades, passive mode-locking by SESAMs has been successfully developed in solid state lasers, semiconductor lasers and fiber lasers in a wide region...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:02

... exciton bound to a certain defect level, the binding energy is determined by the bandgap, free exciton binding energy, and the bound exciton binding energy, as illustrated in Fig 2.6 Figure 2.6 ... related with excitons, including free exciton recombination and bound exciton recombination For the free exciton recombination, its binding energy can be obtained according to the hydrogen-atom ... gas lines, including SF6, N2, He, NH3, N2O, and SiH4 The SF6 gas is used for the plasma cleaning The He and N2 gases are used for powder removal and purging after the deposition The SiH4 and N2O...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:02

... recombine radiatively in the wells This is in close agreement with the phenomenon that, in both samples, bands B2 and C2 are the weakest in PL intensity In summary, in the InGaN/GaN MQW samples B and ... absorber As mentioned in Section 1.3, due to their 3D carrier confinement effect, quantum dot structures are gaining increasing interests for application in the optoelectronic devices In the earlier ... in the nanosecond range, indicating that it is indeed a slow absorber In order to achieve short recovery times, both the LT and the HT GaN buffer thicknesses were reduced in samples B and C Their...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:02