climate change and ecosystems

... mRNA of a reference and agent-exposed sample is isolated, converted into cDNA by an RT-reaction and labeled with distinct fluorescent dyes (Cy3 and Cy5, respectively the ‘‘green’’ and ‘‘red’’ dye) ... Cy5) and reference sample (green ¼ Cy3) 3) Mixing of the two samples and hybridization 4) Read-out of the red and green intensities separately (measure for the hybridization by the test and reference ... the toxicological endpoints and the molecular mechanisms resulting in them are characterized, are optimal candidates for the construction of a reference database and for subsequent predictive...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:22

... software (version 1.2.2), and the relative expression levels (fold changes) were calculated using the standard in each reaction vation and technical advice, and Thomas Bushart and Mahek Mehta for assistance ... 319, 390, 408, and 535) were conserved among moss, eudicots and monocots, and 23 existed in both monocots and eudicots but not moss Three miRNA families (miR472/482/1448, 479, and 828) were found ... is higher between Gh-miR482-5p and GhmiR482 than between Gh-miR482-5p* and Gh-miR482* Gh-miR482-5p and Gh-miR482 were in the opposite strands of different ESTs and expected to target different...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... How? Pandurang Kolekar, Mohan Kale and Urmila Kulkarni-Kale Chapter Understanding Protein Function - The Disparity Between Bioinformatics and Molecular Methods Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek and Jon ... 10 Retrieving and Categorizing Bioinformatics Publications through a MultiAgent System 205 Andrea Addis, Giuliano Armano, Eloisa Vargiu and Andrea Manconi Chapter 11 GRID Computing and Computational ... analysis, and a particular view of steps and methods used in the analysis Methods for protein function and gene expression are briefly reviewed in HupertKocurek and Kaguni’s chapter, and contrasted...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2015, 11:27

... truth and imprecision, efficient linear and/ or sublinear scalability, incremental approaches to knowledge discovery, and increased level and intelligence of interactivity with human experts and ... of standard Boolean logic It is interesting to note about the correspondence between two- and multivalued logic operations for AND, OR, and NOT It is possible to resolve the statement A AND B, ... Printer Name: Yet to Come COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE where rand1 and rand2 are random positive numbers uniformly distributed in (0,1) and are drawn anew for each dimension of each particle pbest...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

... in statistics is the independence model for two random variables Let X1 be a random variable on [m1 ] and X2 a random variable on [m2 ] The two random variables are independent if Prob(X1 = i, ... project did become reality and the result is in your hands It offers an accurate snapshot of what happened during our seminars at UC Berkeley in 2003 and 2004 Nothing more and nothing less The choice ... Rhodes and Amelia Taylor s Serkan Ho¸ten was also instrumental in developing and guiding research which s is described in Chapters 15 and 18 Most of all, we are grateful to our wonderful students and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 13:10

... proteins, and ligands finding interaction relationships among the objects, engineering the networks and objects to understand and manipulate the regulatory mechanisms and integrating various omes and ... FT-IR, and other systems for proteome and metabolome research and investigations on related molecular signaling and networking bioactivities Even more excitingly and encouragingly, many outstanding ... Methods and Performance Results 161 Charalampos S Kouzinopoulos, Panagiotis D Michailidis and Konstantinos G Margaritis Techniques for Analysis of Protein Families and Small Molecules 183 Understanding...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 10:20

... mammary tumor models and human breast tumors The results provide biological insights among and across the mouse models, and comparisons with human data identify biologically and clinically significant ... MedroxyprogesteroneDMBA-induced 11 None Random DMBA-induced FVB [69] p53+/-irradiated None p53 heterozygous null, random IR induced BALB/cJ [70] Brca1+/-;p53+/-irradiated None Brca1 and p53 heterozygous null, random IR induced ... III (4/11 DMBA-induced and 5/11 Wnt1), Group IV (7/ Brca1+/-;p53+/- IR, 4/10 Brca1Co/Co;TgMMTV-Cre;p53+/-, 4/ p53+/- IR and 3/11 Wnt1) and Group V (4/5 p53-/- transplant and 1/6 p53+/- IR), showing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 07:21

... step and size selection for DNA fragments between 150 and 400 bp FoxA1 ChIP and control DNA were each sequenced with two lanes by the Illumina/Solexa 1G Genome Analyzer, and yielded 3.9 million and ... Figures S1-S6, and Additionalfor file Tables S1 and S2 S2 MACS is implemented in Python and freely available with an open source Artistic License at [16] It runs from the command line and takes the ... (default 25); bw for bandwidth, which is half of the esti- XSL, WL and YZ conceived the project and wrote the paper YZ, TL and CAM designed the algorithm, performed the research and implemented the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:22

... Source: Ivans and Feree (1987) Respiratory Rates of Some Nonclimacteric Fruits Respiration and Ethylene Production Rates These respiration rates are about double those reported in USDA Handbook 66 ... respiration rates are about double those reported in USDA Handbook 66 (2-4 at 5ºC and 10-17 ml CO2/kg.hr at 20ºC) for mandarins and oranges Skin Staining is a Preharvest Disorder Rind Staining Following ... content (green color) decreases and allows the yellow and orange color (carotenoids) to become visible Ethylene accelerates chlorophyll degradation 20-25°C 20- 25° 1-2 air changes/hr Duration of degreening...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 20:58

... world over have started teaching and research in the area Journals are plenty and so are conferences and professional meetings As the disciplines of bioinformatics and computational biology are ... problem by making strands of DNA to represent each city and the path between cities Mixing many copies of each strand in a test tube, he went on to produce the correct answer as a strand left in the ... molecules, A, G, C and T They are double stranded molecules as shown in figure 4, but informationally, we read the DNA from one strand alone, as the other side can be predicted A G C and T always hook...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 00:15

... Enumeration and Phenotyping 231 19 Handling and storage of cells and sera: practical considerations Stephen E Winikoff, Herbert J Zeh, Richard DeMarco and Michael T Lotze 233 20 Phenotypic and functional ... ac.uk/nomenclature/genefamily/tnftop.html) Both the ligands and receptors share structural similarities and the mature ligands all form trimers (Hehlgans and Mannel, 2002) This review will focus on TNF and the TNF receptors ... Hawn and David M Underhill DNA sequence-specific transcription factors Philip E Auron Genetic diversity in NK and NKT cells Rachel Allen and Anne Cooke Section II Serologic Assays Handling sera and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 15:20

... lysates were loaded, in a randomized manner, onto two gels, transferred to membranes (blot and blot 2) and analyzed by three repetitive cycles of ERK immunoglobulin reprobing and application of the ... 2B, lower panel) and thus facilitates the detection of true dynamic behavior In this case, randomization reduced the standard deviation of the smoothing splines from 18.6% to 1.4% and thus significantly ... spline-smoothed and used to normalize pERK1 and ERK1 signals, having similar molecular masses pERK1 and ERK1 signals were converted to number of molecules per cell using the protein standard depicted...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... different directions, then this bandwidth is called “angular bandwidth” or “spatial bandwidth.” Spectral bandwidth determines the temporal coherence, while angular bandwidth determines spatial coherence ... Static films are recorded once, and then played back by shining a laser through them to reconstruct the original image Dynamic films change in time and follow the changes in the object beam by continuously ... difference Æ jo1 À o2 j 1.1.5 Noise and Detection All optical systems have noise, and to understand the sensitivity of any optical measurement requires an understanding of that noise A challenge...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 10:20

... geometric random variable with expectation D, and then choose Di random neighbors, and (b) adding to G the edges of a random bipartite graph H on m + n vertices and degree d, where we place H on m random ... and then choosing D random neighbors for every vertex outside of T , and D −d random neighbors A similar observation holds if we assume the number of junk assets is chosen at random between and ... distributions R and D on (M, N, D) graphs: • R is obtained by choosing for every top vertex D random neighbors on the bottom • P is obtained by first choosing at random S ⊂ [N ] and T ⊆ [M ] with...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... pattern, kiss((SubjeetXObject)), and thus demand that the Subject and Object (now considered to be "features") have some value in the final analysis The values for Subject and Object might of course ... accords with the dicates of the verb/s, and all is well Similarly, in the sentence, the boys in the band is kissing John, bays passes up the number value olural, and this clashes with the verb's constraint; ... the value "1" in one term and the value "F" in another (and the same goes for the complement of ~, literal: if X2 has die value ' T ' "~z cannot have die valu~ "V'): and (3) ~tisfiability must...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... transport materials, position and move organelles, maintain and change cell shape, and organize enzymes into functional associations components - actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments ... the nucleus and the plasma membrane interior space is called the Functions: -circulation and transport -storage of proteins and minerals -synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins ... membrane and many organelles - bacteria and their relatives are all prokaryotic _ cells - more complex cells - have a nucleus and many organelles - all cells of plants, animals, fungi, and protists...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 17:52

... (A and B) constituted mostly by antiparrellel β strands and one short α helix and resembles a partly closed right hand.85 The differences in catalytic activities of endoxylanases of family 10 and ... B and C) Group A contains mainly enzymes produced by members of the Actinomycetaceae and the Bacillaceae families, strictly aerobic gram-positive ones Groups B and C are more closely related and ... sequences, immunological characteristics and regulatory relationships and the presence of a single copy of the gene and the transcript.93 Purified APX I and APX II from Aureobasidium pullulans...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 21:56

... inspection Harvesting, handling, heat treatment, storage and ripening With increased consumer awareness of papaya and the expansion in production and exports, papaya fruit ripening and handling research ... researchers (Litz and Conover 1977, 1978a; Rajeevan and Pandey 1983, 1986; Mosella and Iligaray 1985; Drew and Smith 1986; Drew 1988; Mondal et al 1990; Reuveni et al 1990; Kataoka and Inoue 1991; ... Reuveni and Schlesinger (1990) and Kataoka and Inoue (1992) but stringent rooting conditions, seasonal factors, and explant type affected rooting success (Kataoka and Inoue 1992; Teo and Chan...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 22:03

... cell adhesion and migration and regulates cell differentiation, metabolic activity, and cell–cell signaling, and therefore intimately involved in cellular and molecular response and behavior of ... have materials and machines that they can’t handle directly because they have become radioactive To unscrew nuts and put on bolts and so on, they have a set of master and slave hands, so that ... appreciation for and an understanding of the biological (i.e., molecular, cellular, and physiological) key challenges in this pursuit, as well as an understanding of the approaches and strategies...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... metal band around the lower leg of adults or fledglings and then wait for someone to find and return the band The metal band is very durable and bears an inscription that identifies its owner and ... for the speed and helpfulness of their replies The Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme provided heron recovery data that gives banding and recovery locations, distance travelled and age of death ... Government’s Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme coordinates the activities of bird banders and collects and documents the recovery records In the absence of banding data from the scheme,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 21:20