... one thinks carefully, control in one form or another, can be found in every aspect of life In this context, control engineering is concerned with designing, implementing and maintaining these ... of the most challenging and interesting areas of modern engineering Indeed, to carry out control successfully one needs to combine many disciplines including modeling (to capture the underlying ... bear the other perspectives in mind, since they form essential elements in a holistic view of the subject This first part of the book is the first stage of our journey into control engineering It...
... of the head pose for the current point in time, and to predict a point of time inthe near future, as we need to predict the pose of the moving head at the moment in time that the image of the ... from the imaging system While following the edges inthe Canny algorithm we keep track of connected edge points and count the number of points that are not part of a line (end-points, T crossings, ... Processing Figure 13: Inverted AR experience 11 Figure 15: Touching the RFID tagged textiles at the pole changes the texture of the virtual curtains inthe room Figure 14: Queuing for the AR...
... (3) Tin (i, t) = Cc Tin (i, t) T (i, t) env with Ac = −1 rin cenv rin cin rin cenv renv +rin − renv rin cin , Bc = −cin , Fc = 0 renv cin w cin and Cc = This model allows a rather precise ... computed using GLPK Taking into account uncertainties Many model parameters used for prediction, such as predicting the weather information, are uncertain The uncertainties are also present inthe optimization ... environment and second the envelope of the housing • rin , renv thermal resistances • w the equivalent surface of the windows • P the power consumed by the thermal generator, P ≤ In this chapter, this...
... increase in water level inthe dry years On average an increase of about m is obtained The increase in water level at the end of the flood season provides an increased hydropower potential inthe ... generation inthe flood season is specifically addressed Fig MIKE 11 model setup of the lower part of the Red river basin, including the Hoa Binh reservoir The MIKE 11 modelling system is set up for the ... according to flood control rule curves in terms of target water levels inthe reservoir and water levels at the flood control point in Hanoi The discharge through turbines is defined according...
... of the lower part of the Red river basin, including the Hoa Binh reservoir The MIKE 11 modelling system is set up for the lower part of the Red River basin to simulate inflow to the Hoa Binh ... increase in water level inthe dry years On average an increase of about m is obtained The increase in water level at the end of the flood season provides an increased hydropower potential inthe ... control point in Hanoi The operations consist of specifying the discharge through turbines as well as opening and closing bottom gates and spillways The control strategies are defined using a list...
... prevents the analysts from stumbling into modeling the complicated internals of the underlying infrastructure that the analyzed platforms depend on In addition, the threat models cover most of the ... execution of the system starts with the process System() (line a.8), which rst loads the code of the OS from the disk into the RAM (line a.5), and then starts executing the OS (line a.6 and a.7) ... require the source code as input, while the source code is not always available in reality 2.3.2 Soware Model Checking Instead of inferring system models and checking them using off -the- shelf...
... such as gain margin and phase margin in using classical frequency- domain techniques are solely for the purpose of robustness The robustness issue was not that prominently considered during the period ... and design methods were mainly mathematical optimisations inthe time domain Due to its importance, however, the research on robust design has been going on all the time A breakthrough came inthe ... theory and in using MATLAB r routines The mathematics behind the theory is quite involved It is not straightforward to formulate a practical design problem, which is usually nonlinear, into the H∞...
... on the expense of chattering inthe control variable It is shown in Chapter that combining quantitative feedback theory and sliding mode control can alleviate this phenomenon An integral sliding ... problem from the perspective of quantum computing and self-organizing systems It is outlined how the robust control problem can be represented in an information theoretic setting using entropy ... applications In Chapter 12 the feedback linearization principle is applied to robust control of nonlinear systems The control of vibrations of an electric machine is reported in Chapter 13 The design...
... branch of engineering and applied mathematics literature Since its introduction in 1980’s, it has grown to become a major scientific domain For example, it gained a foothold in Economics inthe late ... errors So far, there have been some attempts inthe area of uncertain nonlinear systems based on the T-S fuzzy models inthe literature The most of these existing works assume that all the system ... system contains uncertainties and time-varying delay By using theorem with the choice of λ = 5, τ (t) = 0.25 + 0.15 sin(t)(τ = 0.4, β = 0.15), we can obtain the following state-feedback gain matrices:...
... corresponding to their initial values with only the [Ad] matrix is being used Once the input-output data is obtained, transforming the [Ad] matrix is achieved using the ANN training, as will be explained ... illustrated in Equations (6) - (7), for the purpose of estimating only the transformed system matrix [ Ad ], the training is based on the zero input response Once the training is completed, the obtained ... D1,2 is the damping inthe tape-stretch motion, e is the applied input voltage (V), i is the current into capstan motor, J1 is the combined inertia of the wheel and take-up motor, J2 is the inertia...
... the combining challenge arising from the following: • The designed controller is expected to stabilize the system inthe presence of uncertainties inthe parameters of the nonlinear systems in ... control Finish training when the training performance is satisfactory Repeat this nominal layer training process for all the nominal neural networks Training the regional neural networks The input ... for each nominal case The training data pattern for the nominal neural networks is composed of the state vector as input and the control signal as the output In other words, the nominal layer...
... determines the contribution that the sum of the squares of the control increments has on the performance index The following block diagram illustrates the MPC process The controller consists of the ... dynamics of the plant The prediction error between the plant output and the NN output is used as the NN training signal (Fig 14) The NN plant model can be trained offline by using the data collected ... other words, by maintain the condition in equation (11), S ( t ) will approaches the sliding surface S ( t ) = in a finite time, and then error, e ( t ) will converge to the origin exponentially...
... matched-type nonlinearities and uncertainties while, inthe meantime, maintaining the system on the integral sliding surface and bounding a performance measure without reaching phase Simultaneously, ... disturbances that jeopardize the system Integral sliding surface design solves the problem in that the system trajectories start inthe sliding surface from the first time instant (Fridman et al., ... integral sliding-mode control is to reach and maintain s = while keeping the performance measure within bound In short, the implementation of integral sliding-mode control solves thein uence of...
... the sliding exists from the initial condition The one of the two main problems of the VSS is removed and solved The unmatched uncertainties influence on the ideal sliding dynamics as inthe case ... feedback integral sliding surface together with the existence condition of the sliding mode on the selected sliding surface are investigated in Theorem and Theorem for all mismatched uncertainties ... ˆ ˆ parameters of the process and P = ρ P the desired nominal poles Then the parameters of the controller, designed by using the nominal parameters of the process and the nominal poles, turn out...
... published inthe Journal of the Franklin Institute, marking the beginning of the very intense interest in this new field It was in this paper that the word servomechanism originated, from the words ... opening the doors of a temple The command input to the system (see Fig 1.11) was lighting a fire upon the altar The expanding hot air under the fire drove the water from the container into the ... words, during thedesign process one must keep the constraints of the real world in mind For instance, in performing the simulations, one must be able to interpret the results obtained, based...
... while minimizing the cost function, as defined by the weightings of the input, state and output of the system, as follows The considered linear time-invariant system and the performance index ... ratios of the two dominant poles are raised for the purpose of increasing the rise time The damping ratio of the first resonance frequency is increased from 0.407 to 0.841 by shifting the dominant ... ignored The coil spring deflection, the tire deflection and the damping forces are inthe linear regions of their operating ranges Let ( y A , z A ), ( y B , z B ) and ( yC , zC ) denote the coordinates...