classic and comprehensive monographs on physiology of plants

... IV  Classic and Comprehensive Monographs on Physiology of Plants   V  Work on Photosynthesis and Focus on Hydrilla   VI  Importance of Malate and Operation of C4-like Pathway   VII  Contemporary ... the formation of carbohydrate as a millionth of a gram per minute, and record the rate of photosynthetic activity (Fig. 3) IV.  Classic and Comprehensive Monographs on Physiology of Plants Sir ... Comprehensive Monographs on Physiology of Plants   V  Work on Photosynthesis and Focus on Hydrilla   VI  Importance of Malate and Operation of C4-like Pathway   VII  Contemporary...

Ngày tải lên: 15/04/2015, 17:20

... models of constant population size, exponential population growth, and expansion population growth, using strict or relaxed (uncorrelated logarithmic) molecular clocks Comparison of the output of ... Figure Schematic representation of putative structure and mutation map of human metapneumovirus F protein Schematic representation of putative structure and mutation map of human metapneumovirus ... location of these epitopes on the protein has not been defined We find it intriguing that the greatest concentration of amino acid variations among these 85 field isolates lies in a region found...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... Comparison Comparison of PBS rod gene regions of the different pigment types of marine Synechococcus Rectangles above and below the lines have a length proportional to the size of ORFs and correspond ... duplication and divergence of ancestral PC genes [63] In contrast, acquisition of PEII components must have occurred after the differentiation of the marine Synechococcus lineage, by duplication and ... Europe and its flagship program SynChips References Authors' contributions CS and FP conceived the study and wrote most of the paper DJS and FP together coordinated sequencing and annotation of out...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... capable of carrying out reduction of a double bond, as well as oxidation of a hydroxy group b Enzymes efficient for dehydrogenation of secondary allylic alcohols and reduction of azodicarbonyl compounds ... multiple alignments and construction of phylogenetic trees, which can be slow and error-prone steps in classical ortholog detection [37] The previously mentioned definition of subfamily is nearly ... which one new protein belongs is easy and accurate An additional functional analysis of the new protein permits recognition of the orthologous group (subfamily) to which this protein belongs Nonetheless,...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... Exergoeconomic Improvement of Thermal Systems: Application to Complex Cogeneration Plants Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimisation, Simulation and Environmental ... main, secondary, and remainder; (iv) identification of the predominant cost (exergy destruction or investment) for main and secondary components; (v) selection of subgroups of decision variables; ... Results and discussion In this section the results of the exercises to optimize and improve the cogeneration plant CP-24 are presented and analyzed In one exercise, a solution of the optimization...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

... distribution of based on deconvolution is likely to be fruitful If we maintain normality of Y1 and Y° (given D = and X), the distribution of is normal with mean and variance VAR(L) and deconvolution ... discussed in Section I to bound or identify the joint distribution of outcomes conditional on D= There is considerable evidence of heterogeneity of program impacts, so that conventional econometric methods ... identifies the joint distribution of the value of nonmarket time and potential market wages under a normality assumption Heckman and Honoré (1990) consider nonparametric versions of this model without...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 01:20

... subgraph containing all the hub connections, and their interaction partners One pair of connected proteins is conserved, in the so-called k-scaffold graph, if the degree of at least one protein of this ... simple explanation for these observations can be given based on biological constrains derived from the evolution of TFs, and is discussed below Functional, evolutionary and topological constrains Biological ... under-representation of connections between hubs and the overabundance of highly connected nodes linked to poorly connected ones (both observed in the correlation profile) The central role of the hubs...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... variability of the junctional sites and the addition or deletion of nucleotides create new codons at the junctions of the genetic segments, the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins associate randomly ... interaction with the antigen and was consistent with the selection of hypermutation L-Q90R during the somatic maturation of antibody mAb4E11 Mutation L-V94A had no effect on the energy of interaction, ... at 8–12 different concentrations of Fab4E11-H6 are given The SE value on kon was deduced from that on the active concentration C of Fab4E11-H6 through the formula SE(kon) ⁄ kon ¼ SE(C) ⁄ C It...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... 3: Correlations between initial frequency and dissemination over users and threads and a change in frequency for the 851 most common anglicisms in MZEE Finally, from the comparison of timespans ... borrowing” and found an interaction effect between frequency and dispersion (roughly equivalent to dissemination in the present study): ”As dispersion and frequency increase, the number of occurrences ... ratio ˜ Uw of the actual number of users of word w (Uw ) over ˜ the expected number of users of w (Uw ), and DT = Tw ˜ is calculated analogously fo the actual/expected Tw ˜ ˜ number of threads...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... observation supports the notion of the usefulness of hemocyanin sequences for the resolution of the arthropod phylogenetic tree [4,6] Myriapod hemocyanin subunit evolution and diversity One of the ... assignment of the HcA clone to the major sequence of the upper hemocyanin band in the SDS/PAGE gel (Fig 1) Two nonmatching amino acids at positions (Glu instead of Cys) and (Ala instead of Pro) ... which could not be recovered The positions of the amino acids conserved among all subunits were superimposed on the model of subunit HcA (Fig 4) Strong conservation was found around the copper-binding...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... promoter activity and wound-induction of HRPC and -E types, and of AtPCa and AtPEa Most remarkably, C2, and only C2, responded strongly to wounding The AtP38 gene might respond similarly The ... using the corresponding cDNA clone Different combinations of annealing temperatures (60– 65 °C) and concentrations of MgCl2 (1.0–2.0 mM) were tested to find the optimal conditions at which the ... Arg298 and Asn305 Most of these conserved residues appear to be of importance to the integrity of peroxidase structure Several aromatic positions, 6, 7, 45, 185, 201 and 233–234, are conserved and...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... variation Experimental evolution of parasites under controlled conditions provides one way to study the relations between molecular recognition, the dynamics of infections within hosts, and the ... antibodies lowered the concentrations of pathogens early in infection by one or two orders of magnitude The fifth section contrasts affinity and specificity Poor binding conditions cause low-affinity ... Immunology and Evolution of Infectious Disease STEVEN A FRANK Princeton University Press Princeton and Oxford This is a full PDF copy of: Frank, S A 2002 Immunology and Evolution of Infectious...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... centre of an 11 cm plate, and the increase in colony diameter was measured twice daily Cloning of the H jecorina lad1 gene and construction of a lad1 knockout mutant The cloning of lad1, and its ... relationships of H jecorina Lad1 Reactions of Lad1 as established experimentally in this work Oxidation of polyols was studied at pH 8.6 and reduction of ketoses at pH 7.0 Oxidation of D-gulitol and ... proof for an involvement for the enzymatic reaction of Lad1 and could also be due to an indirect effect of lad1 knockout on the regulation of other genes On the other hand, the lack of growth of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... Deszõ and Ross demonstrated the “strong positive association between Tobin’s Q, return on assets, and return on equity, on the one hand, and the participation rate (of female top management) on ... influence, decisionmaking, and performance in work groups, and is the recipient of numerous professional awards, including recognition from the International Association of Conflict Management, and the ... of the following is the appropriately authorised entity of the relevant jurisdiction: in Hong Kong by Credit Suisse (Hong Kong) Limited, a corporation licensed with the Hong Kong Securities and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... understanding of others For example, we can understand the rates of speciation in cichlids from a knowledge of speciation and extinction mechanisms, and we can understand those from a knowledge of ... progressive evolution of terrestrial communities led to major alterations of biogeochemical cycles, and terrestrial domination of global biodiversity and production The earliest land plants were relatively ... evolution of sex, there has been no new method of transmitting information developed That has only occurred in three of the transitions: in the origin of DNA and protein from RNA, in the origin of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 18:20

... connections, and precedence and security) are implemented and what engineering solutions are used to achieve the aimed-for robustness of TCP These solutions consist of a range of techniques from control ... with the knowledge and help of the application standing at the endpoints of the communication system Therefore, providing that questioned function as a feature of the communication system itself ... for segment 1) and retransmits it Congestion control as described here using packet loss as a congestion signal and an additive-increase-multiplicativedecrease-type congestion control mechanism...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20

... muscle contraction [70] Oxidases of this subfamily build on the basic structure of the Nox prototype, adding an N-terminal extension that contains four EF-hands: three canonical motifs and one noncanonical ... stimulants, and the production is enhanced two-fold by the addition of ionomycin [67], suggesting that elevation of cytoplasmic concentrations of Ca2+ is dispensable Besides direct regulation by Ca2+, ... regulation and evolution of Nox H Sumimoto Introduction Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are conventionally regarded as inevitable deleterious byproducts of aerobic metabolism On the other hand, there...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... lineage-specific duplications, is predicted to be, at most, monofunctional It seems likely that expression of multiple monofunctional enzymes offers additional flexibility of metabolic regulation in the trypanosomes ... than evolutionary distances Construction of expression clones, production and purification of recombinant T brucei PFK-2 Fragments of two potential PFK-2 ⁄ FBPase-2 sequences (denoted Tb1 and Tb4, ... Tc1–2 and Lm2), cluster together, as isoenzymes Fig Phylogenetic trees of the PFK-2 and FBPase-2 domains of both the bifunctional and monofunctional proteins All PFK-2 and ⁄ or FBPase-2 containing...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... plots are created and used in conjunction with genetic search (Sections and 4) Finally, we present our experimental results (Sections and 7) and conclude the paper with discussion of future work ... through the operations of crossover and mutation Surface Realization Once the final generation of the population has been reached, the fittest story is selected for surface realization The realizer ... Hugo and Push Singh 2002 Using commonsense reasoning to generate stories In Proceedings of the 18th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence Edmonton, Alberta, pages 957–958 McIntyre, Neil and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... Introduction Adiabatic and Isothermal Perturbations Evolution of the Sound Speed and Jeans Mass Evolution of the Horizon Mass Dissipation of Acoustic Waves Dissipation of Adiabatic Perturbations Radiation ... generalisation of these concepts to tensors of arbitrary rank and to tensors of mixed character In Newtonian and special-relativistic physics a key role is played by conservation laws of mass, energy and ... theories of structure formation using statistical properties of galaxy clustering, the fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background, galaxy-peculiar motions and observations of galaxy evolution and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:34