chemistry and biochemistry in soy sauce manufacturing

... Phylloquinone and related compounds (vitamin K) 6.3 B-group vitamins 6.3.1 Thiamin (vitamin B,) 6.3.2 Riboflavin (vitamin B2) 6.3.3 Niacin 6.3.4 Biotin 6.3.5 Panthothenic acid 6.3.6 Pyridoxine and ... in underdeveloped regions and to some extent in highly developed dairying countries Industrialization commenced during the nineteenth century and dairy manufacturing is now a well-organized industry ... Biological function 4.8.8 Metal binding and heat stability Blood serum albumin Immunoglobulins (Ig) Minor milk proteins Non-protein nitrogen Comparison of human and bovine milks vii 146 146 149 150...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 00:20

... occur in organisms are addressed by biochemistry, which is discussed in Chapter In order to understand biochemistry, however, it is essential to have a basic understanding of chemistry Since most ... Anthrosphere and Green Chemistry 2.10.1 Green Chemistry References Supplementary References Questions and Problems Chapter Biochemistry 3.1 Biochemistry 3.1.1 Biomolecules 3.2 Biochemistry and the ... interests and a broad range of backgrounds in chemistry, biochemistry, and toxicology For readers who have had very little exposure to chemistry, Chapter 1, Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, ” outlines...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:43

... reactions in industrial scale 3.2 Determination of kinetic parameters Km and Vmax The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were calculated from the 1/S against 1/V plot by Lineweaver – Burk method, using initial ... The procedure in the sample S1 seems to be satisfied for both purposes: inhibiting the contaminated and pathogenic micro-organisms in fish and maintaining the protease acitivity during the fermentation ... Crude protein contents in fish, rice bran and soy meal were determined by Kjeldahl method - Amino nitrogen was quantified by spectrophotometric method using ninhydrin reagent RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 10:21

... occur in organisms are addressed by biochemistry, which is discussed in Chapter In order to understand biochemistry, however, it is essential to have a basic understanding of chemistry Since most ... Anthrosphere and Green Chemistry 2.10.1 Green Chemistry References Supplementary References Questions and Problems Chapter Biochemistry 3.1 Biochemistry 3.1.1 Biomolecules 3.2 Biochemistry and the ... interests and a broad range of backgrounds in chemistry, biochemistry, and toxicology For readers who have had very little exposure to chemistry, Chapter 1, Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, ” outlines...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... leucine, and tyrosine to form a tripeptide consisting of three amino acids joined by peptide linkages (outlined by dashed lines) Major Types of Proteins Type of Protein Example Function and Characteristics ... These are pyrimidine or purine nitrogen-containing bases, two sugars, and phosphate DNA molecules are made up of the nitrogen-containing bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine; phosphoric ... ways in which two parallel protein chains are joined together, or cross-linked, is by way of an –S–S– link What amino acid to you think might be most likely to be involved in such a link? Explain...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... beneficial vitamins, such as Vitamin K and biotin, that are absorbed through the colon walls and are important in nutrition The reducing environment maintained by the bacteria in the colon can ... undigested in the intestine, where it is acted upon by bacteria These bacteria produce gas and intestinal pain, and diarrhea may result The lack of a digestive enzyme for cellulose in humans and virtually ... occurs in the digestion of protein Digestion of Proteins Digestion of proteins occurs by enzymatic hydrolysis in the small intestine (Figure 4.3) The digestion of protein produces single amino acids...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... effects, such as binding to and inhibiting enzymes or converting oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in blood to useless methemoglobin • Effects on organisms, such as carcinogenicity or inhibition of the ... the remarkable ongoing advances in the area of mapping and understanding the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that directs the reproduction and metabolism of all living things This includes the human ... contents other than HCl These include food particles, gastric mucin, gastric lipase, and pepsin 6.4.5 Intestines The small intestine is effective in the absorption and translocation of toxicants...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... proteins, and other effects Binding species are those that bond to biomolecules, altering their function in a detrimental way This binding may be reversible, as is the case with the binding of ... their tendencies to bind to nucleophilic biomolecules, including nucleic acids and proteins Such binding can cause mutations (potentially cancer) and result in cell damage Included among the toxic ... concern To understand the biochemistry of mutagenesis, it is important to recall from Chapter that DNA contains the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine The order in which these...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... (+)benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-2, is active in binding to guanine to initiate cancer The binding of this substance to guanine is shown in Figure 8.3 A major effect of binding of a base on DNA can be altered pairing as the DNA ... given in Figure 8.1 and keeping in mind that guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C), whereas adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), switching an A:T pair on DNA with a G:C pair results in ... that the purine adenine on one strand is switched with the pyrimidine cytosine on the second strand, whereas the pyrimidine thymine on the first chain is switched with the purine guanine on the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... solder and anodes), strontium and tin (as anodes in electrowinning processes), tellurium (pipe and sheet in chemical installations and nuclear shielding), tin (solders), and antimony and tin (sleeve ... grain and soil fumigant for insect control and as a component of leaded gasoline for scavenging lead from engine cylinders Bromine is toxic when inhaled or ingested Like chlorine and fluorine, ... processes involving both mind and body Slurred speech, blurred vision, and increased thirst may result In severe cases, blackout spells, coma, epileptic seizures, and writhing, turning, and twisting...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... cyanogens, include amygdalin, linamarin, and linseed cyanogens consisting of mixtures of linustatin and neolinustatin.1 The release of cyanide by the enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis of amygdalin in the ... glycogen, leading to the opposite effect, hypoglycemia Hydrazine inhibits some enzymes, including phosphoenol pyruvatecarboxykinase and some transaminases that are involved in intermediary metabolism ... water and are formed deliberately in the purification of drinking water to provide combined available chlorine Although combined available chlorine is a weaker disinfectant than water, containing...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... zinc stearate and palmitate (zinc soap), and antibacterial zinc bacitracin Zinc naphthenate is used as a low-toxicity wood preservative, and zinc phenolsulfonate has insecticidal properties and ... products, and people sleeping and working in the rooms became ill from inhaling the volatile organoarsenic compounds Foods from marine sources may have high levels of arsenic An interesting study ... Diethyltin iodide (ingredient of Stalinon) Examples of organotin compounds number of organometallic compounds in commercial use.7 Major industrial uses include applications of tin compounds in fungicides,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... anemia and marked reductions in red cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit Contact of naphthalene with skin can result in skin irritation or severe dermatitis in sensitized individuals In addition ... through the skin and intake through the gastrointestinal tract are also possible Benzene is a skin irritant, and progressively higher local exposures can cause skin redness (erythema), burning sensations, ... products, including phenolic and polyester resins, polystyrene plastics and elastomers (through intermediate styrene, Figure 13.1), alkylbenzene surfactants, chlorobenzene compounds, insecticides, and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... responsible in large part for its toxicity Formaldehyde reacts by addition and condensation reactions with a variety of biocompounds, including DNA and proteins, and in so doing forms adducts and DNA–protein ... of about 120 g, although in at least one such case removal of the stomach was required Ingestion results in violent gastrointestinal disturbances, including vomiting and diarrhea Formaldehyde ... antiseptics and disinfectants in areas such as barns where the phenol odor can be tolerated Phenol was the original antiseptic used on wounds and in surgery, starting with the work of Lord Lister in 1885...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... substance Nicotine is metabolized to cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, N Cotinine CH3 N N O CH3 N Trans -3'hydroxycotinine O OH which may be detected in the urine of tobacco users Coniine is the ... solvents and as intermediates in chemical synthesis They have been found in a variety of materials to which humans may be exposed, including beer, whiskey, and cutting oils used in machining By ... produced by bacteria in decaying flesh 15.2.4 Cyclic Amines Four simple amines in which N atoms are contained in a ring structure are shown in Figure 15.3 Of the compounds shown in Figure 15.3, the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) The toxicities of the chlorinated cyclodiene insecticides, including aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlordane, heptachlor, endosulfan, and isodrin, are relatively high and similar ... contaminant of groundwater in some corn- and soybean-producing areas It seems to be efficiently absorbed through the skin Allergic skin reactions and skin and eye irritation have been reported in ... those of aniline poisoning (see Section 15.3) Workers exposed to chlorobenzene have complained of headaches, numbness, sleepiness, and digestive symptoms, including nausea and vomiting In general,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... are intermediates in pesticide synthesis and odorants placed in lines and tanks containing natural gas, propane, and butane to warn of leaks Information about their toxicities to humans is lacking, ... skin or respiratory tract involves the central and peripheral nervous systems and may cause anemia Symptoms include indistinct vision, neuritis, and a bizarre sensation of “crawling” on the skin ... ethyl, and isopropyl thiocyanates are effective fumigants for insect control Insecticidal lauryl thiocyanate (below) is not volatile and is used in sprays in petroleum-based solvents and in dusting...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... bronchioconstriction, resulting in chest tightness and wheezing; stimulation of muscles in the intestinal tract, resulting in nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; and muscular twitching and cramps The central ... of Organophosphate Insecticides 18.7.5.1 Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase The organophosphate insecticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase in mammals and insects Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter ... toxicity/carcinogenicity study in Wistar rats with administration in drinking water, Fundam Appl Toxicol., 40, 75–89, 1997 Gosselin, R.E., Smith, R.P., and Hodge, H.C., Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate, in Clinical...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Phylloquinone and related compounds (vitamin K) 6.3 B-group vitamins 6.3.1 Thiamin (vitamin B,) 6.3.2 Riboflavin (vitamin B2) 6.3.3 Niacin 6.3.4 Biotin 6.3.5 Panthothenic acid 6.3.6 Pyridoxine and ... in underdeveloped regions and to some extent in highly developed dairying countries Industrialization commenced during the nineteenth century and dairy manufacturing is now a well-organized industry ... Biological function 4.8.8 Metal binding and heat stability Blood serum albumin Immunoglobulins (Ig) Minor milk proteins Non-protein nitrogen Comparison of human and bovine milks vii 146 146 149 150...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2016, 02:16

... Flow sheet of soy- sauce production plants Soybean，91 Wheat,91 Rinsing Fig.2 Bulk materials flow analysis Roasting Soybean,34 Wheat,35 Water,127 Water,0 Rinsing Roasting Cooling Cooling　 Koji Salt ... remaining after filtering the fermented broth to yield soy- sauce and is called as Shoyu Kasu in Japanese, is the main solid waste from the process A cake is discharged about 8% in weight of the soy- sauce ... zero-emission systems in food industries The soy- sauce production process was studied as an example of food industry CHARACTERISTICS OF FOOD INDUSTRY The food industry is suitable in demonstrating the concept...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40