chemical analysis of water and wastewater

... 24 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER AND WASTEWATER 24.1 GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Scientists’ understanding of the environment can only ... knowledge of the identities and quantities of pollutants and other chemical species in water, air, soil, and biological systems Therefore, proven, state -of- the-art techniques of chemical analysis, ... Oxygen Water quality Titration, electrochemical Oxygen demand (biochemical) Water quality and pollution Microbiological-titration Water quality and pollution Chemical oxidationtitration Ozone Water...

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2013, 20:57

... This book is titled Physical Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater This chapter begins by defining wastewater and physical chemical treatment of water and wastewater and treats briefly the coverage ... PHYSICAL CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER AND WASTEWATER What is physical chemical treatment of water and wastewater? The dictionary defines physical as having material existence and subject to the laws of ... We also define chemical treatment of water and wastewater as a process applied to water and wastewater in which chemical changes occur Gleaning from these definitions of physical and chemical treatments,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Physical Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater 2.1.14 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen consumed by the organism in the process of stabilizing ... Physical Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater the parasites For municipal water systems, the most practical and effective way of getting rid of the parasite is the use of a properly operated and ... discharging the wastewater © 2003 by A P Sincero and G A Sincero TX249_Frame_C02.fm Page 143 Friday, June 14, 2002 1:51 PM Constituents of Water and Wastewater 143 into receiving bodies of water The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... length of the paddle blades of the longest compartment to that of the length of the paddle blades of the middle compartment is 2.6:2, and the ratio of the length of the paddle blades of the middle ... Projected area of paddle blade Sum of projected areas of paddle blades Length of paddle blade Coefficient of drag Width of paddle blade The diameter of the impeller Diameter of vessel Distance of impeller ... and Automation of Water and Wastewater Treatment and Transport Syst., July 6–9, 1997, Brighton, England, 37, 12, 181–192 Elsevier Science Ltd., Exeter, England © 2003 by A P Sincero and G A Sincero...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Shriver and Co.); (b) an installation of a plate -and- frame press (courtesy of Xingyuan Filtration Products, China) © 2003 by A P Sincero and G A Sincero Physical Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater ... temperature of the water to be filtered is 20°C The head losses in the slow-sand and rapid-sand filters are 0.06 m and 0.71 m, respectively For the sharp filter sand of sieve analysis of Problem ... filter in m /m ⋅ d if the sand is to be used in (a) a slow-sand filter of average porosity of 0.39 and (b) a rapid-sand filter of average porosity of 0.42 The temperature of the water to be filtered is...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Index of membrane and boundary layer compressibility Surficial area Time of operation Absolute velocity of bed Absolute superficial velocity of water Relative superficial velocity of flowing water ... system of units (meter-kilogram-second) and the temperature of operation is 25°C, what is the value of α mo ? The feedwater to an RO unit contains 3,000 mg/L of NaCl, 300 mg/L of CaCl2, and 400 ... performance of a given membrane may be characterized according to its product flux and purity of product Flux, which is a rate of flow per unit area of membrane, is a function of membrane thickness, chemical...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Treatment of Water and Wastewater A positive value of the Langelier index indicates that the water is supersaturated and will deposit CaCO3, whereas a negative value indicates that the water is ... 2002 2:27 PM 534 Physical Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater a distribution main at a rate of 0.22 m /s Determine the length of time it takes to clog a section of the distribution main ... TX249_frame_C11.fm Page 540 Friday, June 14, 2002 2:27 PM 540 Physical Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater 11.21 Analysis of a water sample yields the following results: [TDS] = 140 2+ 2+ mg/L,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Instrumentation, Control and Automation of Water and Wastewater Treatment and Transport Syst., July 6–9, Brighton, England, 37, 12, 111–119 Elsevier Science Ltd., Exeter, England Chuang, C J and K Y Li (1997) ... copperas dose, respectively, and let V be the cubic meters of water or wastewater treated Also, let MCaOkgeqFeII and MCaOFeII be the kilogram equivalents and kilogram mass of lime, respectively, used ... salt dose, respectively, and let V be the cubic meters of water or wastewater treated Also, let MCaOkgeqFeIII and MCaOFeIII be the kilogram equivalents and kilogram mass of lime, respectively,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... A photograph of “bioferro” and “bioman” bacteria 13.1 NATURAL OCCURRENCES OF IRON AND MANGANESE Iron and manganese have the electronic configurations of [Ar]3d 4s and [Ar]3d 4s , and are located ... added to water Gram equivalents per liter of alkalinity to be added to water Acidity to be added to water Gram equivalents per liter of acidity to be added to water Current alkalinity of water Gram ... iron Water Science Technol., Proc 1997 Int Conf on Upgrading of Water and Wastewater Syst., May 25–28, Kalmir, Sweden, 37, 9, 121–126 Elsevier Science Ltd., Exeter, England Holtzclaw Jr., H F and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... treatment of water and wastewater This concentration is representative of the dissolved solids concentration of sea water 14.5 CHEMICAL REACTION OF THE PHOSPHATE ION WITH THE FERRIC SALTS The chemical ... liter of suspended solids in raw water Cubic meters of water treated Water of hydration of alum Activity coefficient of the calcium ion Activity coefficient of the hydrogen ion Activity coefficient of ... the given temperature A wastewater contains 10 mg/L of phosphorus expressed as P The pH is 8.0 Assume the wastewater contains 140 mg/L of dissolved solids and 100 mg/L of alkalinity expressed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... OF CELL YIELDS Three types of cell yields are used in the previous derivations: Yc, Ydn, and Ydc The units of Yc and Ydc are in terms of moles of organisms per unit mole of sewage The units of ... mg/L of TKN, 25 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, and 200 mg/L of BOD5 The effluent from the tank contains 2.0 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 0.5 mg/L of NO2−N, 2.0 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen, and 10 mg/L of BOD5 ... food will be eaten; and if it is in a wastewater, the wastewater will be cleaned up The answer to this question can now be quantified by the combination of the concept of enthalpy and entropy This...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... 0.0035 m For an interval of regeneration of h and assuming a rate of flow for the water treated of 75 m /d, the volume of water treated is 75/24(8) = 25 m Thus, the wastewater produced is 0.0035/25 ... having intervals of hours The raw 2+ 2+ water contains 80 mg/L of Ca and 15 mg/L of Mg The exchanger is a resin of exchange capacity of 1412.8 geq/m Assume that the packed density of the resin ... interval of regeneration Ans 16.6.3 WASTEWATER PRODUCTION In the operation of ion exchangers wastewaters are produced These come from the solvent water used to dissolve the regenerant and the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... Reducing substances that could be present in the raw water and raw wastewater and treated water and treated wastewater are ferrous, manganous, nitrites, and hydrogen sulfide Thus, these are the major ... Upgrading of Water and Wastewater Syst., May 25–28, 37, 9, 89–95 Elsevier Science Ltd., Exeter, England Burch, J D and K E Thomas (1998) Water disinfection for developing countries and potential ... system to be used for a wastewater treatment plant processing an average of 25,000 m /d of wastewater The peaking factor is 3.0 and the regulatory agency requires a dosage of 20.0 mg/L Solution:...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 10:22

... at 80 x and 800 x MDL were low (35% and 45%, respectively) 15.3 This method was tested by 16 laboratories using reagent water, drinking water, surface water, and three industrial wastewaters spiked ... program The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and an ongoing analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality The ... must be maintained After the analysis of five spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.3, calculate the average percent recovery ( ) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (sp) Express...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... and 6.7 It is recommended that the secondary dilution standard be prepared at a concentration of 15 µg/mL of each internal standard compound The addition of 10 µL of this standard to 5.0 mL of ... of accurately weighing 0.0001 g Reagents 6.1 Reagent water Reagent water is defined as a water in which an interferent is not observed at the MDL of the parameters of interest 6.1.1 Reagent water ... program The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and an ongoing analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 03:20

... The addition of 10 µL of this solution of mL of sample or standard is equivalent to a concentration of 30 µg/L of each surrogate standard 6.8 BFB Standard—Prepare a 25 µg/mL solution of BFB in methanol ... 51, and 86 101 103 96 61 and 98 63 65, 83, 85, 98, and 100 96 61 and 98 83 85 98 62, 64, and 100 97 99, 117, and 119 117 119 and 121 127 83, 85, and 129 112 63, 65, and 114 75 77 130 95, 97, and ... 15-40% of Mass 95 30-60% of Mass 95 Base Peak, 100% Relative Abundance 5-9% of Mass 95 50% of Mass 95 5-9% of Mass 174 >95% but 101% of Mass 174 5-9% of Mass 176 Table...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... program The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and an ongoing analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality The ... complexity of the sample matrix, and the performance of the laboratory 8.4.1 Prepare the QC check standard by adding 1.0 mL of QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1 or 8.3.2) to L of reagent water ... must be maintained After the analysis of five spiked wastewater samples as in Section 8.3, calculate the average percent recovery ( ) and the standard deviation of the percent recovery (s p)...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... the safe handling of the chemicals specified in this method A reference file of material data handling sheets should also be made available to all personnel involved in the chemical analysis Additional ... program The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and an ongoing analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality The ... value of the standard concentration 8.4.3 8.5 Prepare the QC check standard by adding 1.0 mL of QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1 or 8.3.2) to L of reagent water The QC check standard...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

... the safe handling of the chemicals specified in this method A reference file of material data handling sheets should also be made available to all personnel involved in the chemical analysis Additional ... program The minimum requirements of this program consist of an initial demonstration of laboratory capability and an ongoing analysis of spiked samples to evaluate and document data quality The ... complexity of the sample matrix, and the performance of the laboratory 8.4.1 Prepare the QC check standard by adding 1.0 m/L of QC check sample concentrate (Section 8.2.1 or 8.3.2) to L of reagent water...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20