chapter a chicken and the perl way

... orangutan - but in the other primates, the DNA has disabling mutations that disrupt the reading frame By extrapolating their findings to the whole human genome, the authors estimate that 18 genes are ... been manually curated or that have supporting cDNA evidence, and that map onto the current human reference assembly (GRCh37) Another popular resource, the University of California at Santa Cruz ... their numbers In recent years, as a result of the dramatic breakthroughs in our understanding of RNA interference [7] and miRNAs [8], the number and variety of known RNA genes has grown dramatically,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:21

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 15:20

... through the water Starting at the tip, draw a curled shape – almost like a big comma Then, we’re ready to draw the other side of the tail – just make the arc of the curve wider Just imagine Alladin’s ... like a lizard’s back, doesn’t it? In fact, the name ‘alligator’ comes from the Spanish phrase ‘el lagarto’, because early Spanish settlers in Florida thought that is what these amazing creatures ... Draw some sharp-looking teeth by sketching a series up ‘V’ shapes along the top and bottom of the mouth Gators have rather poor table manners – rather than chew their food, they grab it in their...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... through the water Starting at the tip, draw a curled shape – almost like a big comma Then, we’re ready to draw the other side of the tail – just make the arc of the curve wider Just imagine Alladin’s ... like a lizard’s back, doesn’t it? In fact, the name ‘alligator’ comes from the Spanish phrase ‘el lagarto’, because early Spanish settlers in Florida thought that is what these amazing creatures ... Draw some sharp-looking teeth by sketching a series up ‘V’ shapes along the top and bottom of the mouth Gators have rather poor table manners – rather than chew their food, they grab it in their...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... of the shell, draw a small head with a long snout and a big ear – almost like a rabbit's Then, on the right-hand side, draw a nice curvy tail that meets in a point at the end Wow – he's taking ... buddy a really 3D appearance Take your favorite orange pen and the same on your drawing, taking note of where the shadowed areas are Next, select a lighter brown color for the inside of the ears and ... burrows and foraging for food Draw these as if seen from the side STEP-4: Adding the Armor The next part of learning how to draw a cartoon armadillo is to add some finishing touches to that amazing...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... of the ears and the legs Color the eyes in black, remembering to leave a small area white for the highlight Then, you can draw around this highlight area in red to create an awesome looking bat! ... Having said that, drawing a bloodsucking bat is kinda cool, so that’s what we’re going to do! Pens at the ready and don’t forget the garlic to ward off any unwelcome fanged friends… STEP-1: The Bat ... sensitive, it can even hear the sound of a moth flapping its wings! Once you’ve drawn the ears, draw a smile at the base of the head, followed by another curved line beneath for our bat’s small body...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... Let's add these right now, making them nice and big as in our illustration Our riverside handyman is really taking shape, but wait! He can't be very handy without hands, now can he? Draw these ... the tail and then draw an 'L' shape at the side of one paw/hand for the elbow Just beneath this, draw a short vertical line to meet up with the top of the leg Talking of legs, our cartoon beaver ... 'U' shapes) and then make the top of the head jagged to represent fur We can also add some jagged lines to those chubby cheeks and begin drawing our beaver's face by sketching in a nose and mouth...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... pointed ears (upside-down 'V' shapes) and then draw the rest of the head as in the above illustration Notice how our drawing already looks like a cat because of these instantly recognizable features? ... let's draw the inner ears; cats have an awesome sense of hearing and can hear higherpitches sounds than humans or their arch rivals, dogs! Poor pooches, guess cats have got the "miaow" factor! ... done the ears, make the top of the head and the jawline jagged to represent fur Then, add some detail to the tops of the eyes as in our illustration Where would a cat be without their paws? Let's...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... up and running after you've learned how to draw a cartoon cheetah the easy way! STEP-1: No 'Cheeting'! Let's Start with the Basics 'Feline' creative? The first part of learning how to draw a cartoon ... Color each circle in black, then use this same color for the tip of the tail, the nose, eyes and outline of our awesome athlete's open mouth Remember to leave a small area white on the eyes and ... finish off the paws – like all cats, our cheetah has claws which can be retracted or unleashed at will! STEP-5: Making sure our Cheetah is Spotted! Our awesome athlete is nearly ready to race alongside...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... drawing an irregular circular shape just a little larger than the head Draw a jagged line like a mountain range at the rear to represent feathers STEP-3: Giving our Cartoon Chick some Real Character ... create our feathered lil' friend Draw a large circle for the head and sketch two small circles for the eyes The head is drawn slightly in profile, so make the eye on the right smaller than the ... sketch in the rest of the legs and two feet, as in our illustration Draw the one as if seen from the front and the other as if seen from the side Chicks and chickens use their feet or claws for...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... side, then draw some lines for the inner ears It won't surprise you to learn that dogs also have an acute sense of hearing and can hear sounds far beyond our range of hearing They can also move their ... out a Basic Shape The first part of learning how to draw a cartoon dog is to sketch out a basic shape for the body which will form the basis of our cute canine character First of all, draw a rectangular ... take a black pen and draw around the outline of our perfect pooch's nose, before filling in the shape with a darker gray – remember to leave a small area white to represent highlight and that...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... Next, take a lighter shade of brown and draw around the outline of the beak before drawing the outline of the legs in gray Now, take an orange pen and color in the body, leaving the beak and legs ... draw a cartoon duck? Our duck is really starting to take shape, so let's add some more detail so our cute character can really take to the water!At the top of the head, draw a small fin shape ... Quack quack! It's time to make a splash by learning how to draw a cartoon duck! These comical creatures have been the inspiration for numerous cartoon characters, including Walt Disney's Donald...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... illustration that will make your friends and family green with envy! STEP-1: Fabulous Frog Basics the Basics The first part in how to draw a cartoon frog prince is really simple – just draw a heart ... on in, the water's fine! Learning how to draw a cartoon frog is as easy as sitting on a lily pad once you've followed these simple steps So, let's jump to it and get started on another awesome ... Let's start drawing this by sketching in two vertical lines above the head Then, draw two nostrils just beneath the eyes and another line in the middle of the mouth Anyone who's seen Kermit The Frog...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... Stand tall! It's time to learn how to draw a cartoon giraffe – the tallest animal in the land! This awesome creature is native to Africa and instantly recognizable thanks to her long neck and ... stature and graceful poise.First of all, draw an oval shape for the head, followed by a long neck which meets in a curve at the bottom We now have the basis for another amazing animal illustration! ... distinctive markings So, let's rise above the rest and get our pencils at the ready as you add another amazing animal to your portfolio! STEP-1: The Long and Short of it – Giraffe Basics The first part...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... nostrils Then, use a darker tan for the ear, belly, hands and feet and use another darker shade for the belly button, inner ear and the toes on the right-hand foot Our cartoon gorilla is ready to ... curve for the mouth – make this curve downwards at each end to give our jungle giant a mean expression! Then, draw a jagged line at the base of the arm on the left-hand side and the leg on the right ... our Awesome Ape! Get some bananas peeled and ready – our cartoon gorilla is nearly ready to swing down from the trees or scale a skyscraper! All we need to now is draw the hand on the left-hand...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... going to learn how to draw a cartoon hedgehog – a small, spiny mammal that's native to Europe, Asia, Africa and New Zealand So, don't be shy – get your pencils at the ready and follow these simple ... den and into the garden! Taking the large circle we drew for the body as our basis, draw a jagged line all the way round to represent spikes Then, add two large ears on top of the head by drawing ... keratin? It's the same substance our nails and hair are made of! For the last step in how to draw a cartoon hedgehog, sketch in the inner ears and finish off the feet by drawing some claws on the...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... to take the plunge and learn how to draw a cartoon hippo that will really create a splash with your family and friends So, let's pick up our pencils and get started on our awesome illustration! ... STEP-1: Creating the Basic Shapes for Our Hippo Cartoon Hippos are amazing creatures native to Africa, whose nearest living relatives are whales and porpoises These river-dwelling giants can weigh ... ears as in our illustration, then add some eyebrows to give the face some expression Our hungry hippo always has a smile on his face and likes nothing better than chilling out in the water and...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... this, take a lighter shade of purple and color in the mane, inner ear, eyebrows and tail – she's looking swish! Next, take a pink/purple pen and fill in the 'mane' body area and then choose a dark ... beneath the top of the mouth – horses have an amazing sense of taste and can sort through fodder to choose the grains they most enjoy eating! Finally for this stage in learning how to draw a cartoon ... sketch in the ears as two upside-down 'V' shapes just above the head Then, draw a box shape with rounded corners for our horse's nose and mouth After this, draw a paddle shape on the left-hand side...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... form the shape of the head, just like in our illustration.Then, join the head to the body (the large circle) by drawing a curved line that goes all the way round Make the line on the left-hand ... cartoon kangaroo For our next step in learning how to draw a cartoon kangaroo, draw two large irregular circles for the eyes and put a dot in the middle of each one Then, sketch in the nose at the ... a large oval high above her head for now and draw two small box shapes on the balloon to represent highlights Next, let's add another ear as if seen from the side and sketch in the inner ear...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20

... proportionally longer than human arms I have exaggerated the arms a little bit as you can see The Legs & Tail Draw another two long rectangles to make the legs At the end of the legs draw two rectangles ... the hands When drawing a cartoon monkey keep the arms a little bit extra long If you have a chance to go to the zoo and look at the monkeys in there you can see that their arms are generally ... create a perfect circle Draw another larger circle that overlaps part of the head circle Add two half circles to the sides of the head to make ears Add an oval to the middle-lower part of the...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 18:20