chapter 9  wikiprojects and other group efforts

... to another) The Application Kit defines a number of message-related classes that are used to create, deliver, and handle these messages Among these classes are: BMessage, BLooper, and BHandler ... message and then handles that message is determined by the Application Kit classes BLooper and BHandler A BLooper object runs a message loop in a thread This message loop receives messages and dispatches ... looper and a handler) Throughout this chapter you’ll see several examples of the creating of messages and the dispatching of these messages both by the object that created them and by other objects...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 19:15

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 12:15

... CANNOT call constructors like other member functions! Copyright © 2006 Pearson AddisonWesley All rights reserved 7-8 Constructor Code ♦ Constructor definition is like all other member functions: DayOfYear::DayOfYear(int ... called then ♦ Can call via object’s name; standard member function call ♦ Convenient method of setting member variables ♦ Method quite different from standard member function call Copyright © 2006 ... Introduction ♦ Recall: arrays are fixed size ♦ Vectors: "arrays that grow and shrink" ♦ During program execution ♦ Formed from Standard Template Library (STL) ♦ Using template class Copyright © 2006...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 01:20

... through ozone and air; the altitude (4% increase for each 300 m of elevation); the latitude (increasing intensity with decreasing latitude); and the amount of cloud cover, fog, and pollution ... affecting human skin include the UV and visible wavelengths between 290 and 700 nm In addition, the wavelengths beyond 700 nm in the infrared spectrum primarily emit heat and under certain circumstances ... energy in the UV and visible spectra The UV spectrum reaching the earth represents

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... circulation from the bone marrow and the liver and are transported to the skin, where they absorb incident energy both in the Soret band, around 400 nm (short visible), and to a lesser extent in the ... proteins, lipids, and 7-dehydrocholesterol, the precursor of vitamin D; and (2) chemicals, such as porphyrins, synthesized elsewhere in the body that circulate in the bloodstream and diffuse into ... dimers and reduces the degree of solar damage and skin cancer DNA damage in LCs may contribute to the known immunosuppressive effects of UV-B (see "Immunologic Effects," below) Cutaneous Optics and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... sunscreens and the induction of hardening by the cautious administration of artificial UV-B (broad-band or narrow-band) and/ or UV-A radiation for 2–3 weeks prior to initial sun exposure Phototoxicity and ... The diagnosis can be confirmed by skin biopsy and by performing phototest procedures in which skin is exposed to multiple erythema doses of UVA and UV-B The action spectrum for PLE is usually ... These photosensitivity disorders are related to the topical or systemic administration of drugs and other chemicals Both reactions require the absorption of energy by a drug or chemical resulting...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... intensely in both the short (400–410 nm) and the long (580–650 nm) portions of the visible spectrum Heme cannot be reutilized and must be continuously synthesized, and the two body compartments with ... is applied to the skin in duplicate and one set is irradiated with a suberythema dose of UV-A Development of eczematous changes at sites exposed to sensitizer and light is a positive result The ... manifest a broad spectrum of UV hyperresponsiveness and require meticulous photoprotection including avoiding sun exposure, high (>30) SPF sunscreens, and in severe cases systemic immunosuppression,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... a hemorrhagic base, that heal slowly with crusting and purplish discoloration of the affected skin Hypertrichosis, mottled pigmentary change, and scleroderma-like induration are associated features ... be obtained by measurement of urinary porphyrin excretion, plasma porphyrin assay, and by assay of erythrocyte and/ or hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase Multiple mutations of the uroporphyrinogen ... repeated phlebotomies to diminish the excessive hepatic iron stores and/ or intermittent low doses of the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine Long-term remission of the disease can...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... effects of long-term UV-B phototherapy and PUVA photochemotherapy mimic those seen in individuals with chronic sun exposure and include skin dryness, actinic keratoses, and an increased risk of skin ... educate parents and young children about the hazards of sunlight Simply eliminating exposure at midday will substantially reduce lifetime UV-B exposure Phototherapy and Photochemotherapy UV can ... psoriasis and atopic dermatitis Photochemotherapy in which topically applied or systemically administered psoralens are combined with UV-A (PUVA) is also effective in treating psoriasis and in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... wrinkling, blotchiness, and telangiectasia and a roughened, irregular, "weatherbeaten" leathery appearance Whether this photoaging represents accelerated chronologic aging or a separate and distinct process ... leathery texture and the blotchy discoloration of sun-damaged skin UV-A is important in the pathogenesis of photoaging in human skin, and ROS are likely involved The dermis and its connective ... connective tissue damage and elevated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMPs are enzymes involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and UV-A induces MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA expression,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... pharynx and skin C xerosis is found on the skin, nasopharynx, and conjunctiva; C auris in the external auditory canal; and C striatum in the anterior nares and on the skin C jeikeium and C urealyticum ... organism causes a diphtheria like illness and produces both diphtheria toxin and a dermonecrotic toxin C ulcerans is a commensal in horses and cattle and has been isolated from cow's milk The ... antitoxin and antibiotics should be initiated when respiratory C ulcerans is identified, and a contact investigation (including throat cultures to determine the need for antimicrobial prophylaxis and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 02:20

... lipophilum belongs to CDC Group ANF-1 and has been isolated from human blood and abscess infections C accolens has been isolated from wound drainage, throat swabs, and sputum and is typically identified ... flora and does not produce diphtheria toxin C propinquum, a close relative of C pseudodiphtheriticum, is part of CDC Group ANF-3 and is isolated from human respiratory tract specimens and blood ... 25:3464, 2007; Epub 2007 Jan Meyer DK, Reboli AC: Other coryneform bacteria and Rhodococcus, in Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 6th ed, GL Mandell et al (eds) Philadelphia, Elsevier...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 02:20

... frequent vaccine shortages, delays in implementation of vaccination and of treatment in response to cases, and lack of public education and awareness were contributing factors in that outbreak Cutaneous ... in children and nonimmune young adults In temperate regions, respiratory diphtheria occurs year-round but is most common during winter months The development of diphtheria antitoxin and diphtheria ... level In addition to older age and lack of vaccination, risk factors for diphtheria outbreaks include alcoholism, low socioeconomic status, crowded living conditions, and Native American ethnic background...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 02:20

... of the submandibular and paratracheal region and is further characterized by foul breath, thick speech, and stridorous breathing The diphtheritic pseudomembrane is gray or whitish and sharply ... tract and dilated cardiomyopathy Neurologic manifestations may appear during the first or second week of illness, typically beginning with dysphagia and nasal dysarthria and progressing to other ... headache, and voice change are the initial manifestations Neck edema and difficulty breathing are seen in more advanced cases and carry a poor prognosis The systemic...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 02:20

... requires laboratory confirmation since the lesions are not characteristic and are clinically indistinguishable from other dermatoses Diphtheritic ulcers occasionally—but not consistently—have ... investigational new drug protocol and may be obtained by calling the Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Disease Branch of the National Immunization Program at 404-639-8257 between 8:00 A.M and 4:30 P.M U.S Eastern ... resolution of fever and a lower rate of bacterial resistance than erythromycin; however, relapses were more common with penicillin Erythromycin therapy targets protein synthesis and thus offers the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 02:20

... diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine, adsorbed) is the currently recommended vaccine for children up to the age of 7; DTaP replaced DTP (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and ... pseudomembrane elongation; and laryngeal, tracheal, or bronchial involvement Another important predictor of fatal outcome is the interval between local disease development and antitoxin administration ... toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine formulated for adolescents and adults Tdap was licensed for use in the United States in 2005 and is the recommended booster vaccine...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 02:20

... lesser impact on overall awareness; there is a paucity of exploratory and orienting acts directed toward the neglected hemispace; and the patient behaves as if the neglected hemispace was motivationally ... more common, severe, and lasting after damage to the right hemisphere than after damage to the left hemisphere Severe neglect for the right hemispace is rare, even in left handers with left hemisphere ... placed on the left side of the tray; and may fail to read the left half of sentences When the examiner draws a large circle [12–15 cm (5–6 in.) in diameter] and asks the patient to place the numbers...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... erythematous rash and strawberry tongue The other types of acute bacterial pharyngitis (e.g., gonococcal, diphtherial, and yersinial) often present as exudative pharyngitis with or without other clinical ... of pharyngoconjunctival fever Other important but less common viral causes include herpes simplex virus (HSV) types and 2, coxsackievirus A, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ... among children

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:21

... (TNF) and interferon γ (IFNγ), neoplasms and bacterial infections suppress erythropoietin (EPO) production and the proliferation of erythroid progenitors [erythroid burst-forming units and erythroid ... the severity and characteristics of the anemia For instance, many patients with cancer also have anemia that is typically normocytic and normochromic In contrast, patients with long-standing active ... the response to EPO Hepcidin, made by the liver, is increased in inflammation and acts to suppress iron absorption and iron release from storage sites The overall result is a chronic hypoproliferative...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20

... erythropoietin, thrombopoietin is produced in both the liver and the kidneys, and an inverse correlation exists between the platelet count and plasma thrombopoietic activity Like erythropoietin, plasma ... informative women patients, and by the expression in patients of nonrandom, though variable, cytogenetic abnormalities Although thrombocytosis is its principal manifestation, like the other chronic myeloproliferative ... hyperplasia and hypertrophy, as well as an overall increase in marrow cellularity If marrow reticulin is increased, another diagnosis should be considered The absence of stainable iron demands an...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 04:20