chapter 6  h 323 itu t recommendation for packet based multimedia communications systems

... due to the fact that the symbols are more accurately estimated (leading to better interference cancelation) as the iterative procedure goes on For simplicity, the iteration index is omitted, ... represents a decision-directed iterative scheme, where the detection procedure at the pth iteration uses the symbol estimates from the (p - 1)th iteration The performance is improved in an iterative ... proposed iterative FDE introduced in Section with the conventional iterative FDE The curves are plotted at the second iteration, since it has been observed that the major gain from the iterative process...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... the maximum value of the TH sequence Note that the assumption of τTOA < Tf does not restrict the validity of the algorithm In fact, it is enough to have τTOA < Ts , where Ts is the symbol interval, ... iTc +N2 Tf iTc r (t) stemp t − iTc dt, N2 −1 a j wrx t − jTf Figure 2: Illustration of the two-step TOA estimation algorithm The signal on the top is the received signal in one frame The first ... estimate k, there can be a significant probability that the first signal path arrives before the current observation region since the distribution of the correlation output after the first path...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... destination terminal, we can resort to the LS channel estimator to obtain initial channel estimates and then use these estimates to estimate α and γ OPTIMAL TRAINING 4.1 Design of the optimal training ... worse estimation performance relative to the MMSE estimator However, it is intractable to perform MMSE channel estimation for the AF channel because the total channel h is non-Gaussian Therefore, ... our attention on the suboptimal LMMSE channel estimator The analysis and simulation results shown in later sections indicate that our low-complexity channel estimation method provides satisfactory...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... multimedia document The authors assumed that the clients cannot start the playback of the ith portion until the client downloads it entirely from the ith server In fact, the clients can adopt the ... bandwidth for a stream is often less efficient In detail, once an interval is formed, the bandwidth is allocated to the two streams that form that interval However, the latter stream will not use the ... called the client-initiated strategy, in which the documents are cached only when a client requests them As opposed to the former strategy, the client-initiated strategy adapts to the request arrival...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:17

... a stream of net benefits afterwards However, the IRR does not take into consideration the reinvestment opportunities related to the timing and intensity of the outlays and returns at the intermediate ... might have been undertaken by using the same funds The opportunity cost reflects the return that can be earned from the best alternative investment opportunity foregone The foregone opportunities ... indicator of the negative attribute of a project which should be minimized Benefit Cost Ratio The benefit-cost ratio (BCR), defined as the ratio of discounted benefits to the discounted costs at the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 12:15

... flexibility for the parties to the contract The firm is, in essence, a substitute for such a long-term contract in that it covers an indefinite future and provides for flexibility That is to say, the ... adding to their costs without getting anything for it Workers should not want that to happen if for no other reason than their job security would be threatened But critics might argue that managers ... Negotiating an agreement between two parties can be costly, but the most costly part of a transaction often involves attempts to avoid opportunistic behavior by the parties after the agreement...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 15:18

... interaction but many customers are demanding it - this is an opportunity for companies to distinguish themselves © e-Business Strategies, Strategic Business Drivers Are these “hot buttons” that ... careful transition from existing silo-centric infrastructure to an integrated customer-centric infrastructure – Organizations with global operations must manage customer interactions in different languages, ... fulfillment integration © e-Business Strategies, A Analytical Operational O Collaborative C Integration Requirements of Next Gen CRM Infrastructure Closed loop CRM infrastructure must integrate – Customer...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 17:15

... that for satisfactory operation it needs a tailwater depth at least equal to the depth needed to form a hydraulic jump; for lesser depths the jet leaving the bucket lip tends to burst through the ... induced by the jet in the pool, which forms beneath the nappe The function of this pool is to supply the horizontal thrust required to turn the jet into the horizontal direction The amount of the energy ... important function of the jump, that is to decrease the flow velocity at the exit of the basin with respect to the entry velocity In this way the scour below the stilling basin is kept under control...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 19:15

... 33 Alternative Methods for Frequent Itemset Generation Traversal of Itemset Lattice – Breadth-first vs Depth-first © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 34 Alternative Methods for ... Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 32 Alternative Methods for Frequent Itemset Generation Traversal of Itemset Lattice – Equivalent Classes © Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data ... frequent itemsets are identified • Generate length (k+1) candidate itemsets from length k frequent itemsets • Prune candidate itemsets containing subsets of length k that are infrequent • Count the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... that an instrument can detect In the case of the particle counter, this refers to the smallest particle size that can be reliably detected The general rule in the industry is that a particle can ... flowing through the particle counter sensor (This is not exactly true There are millions of particles well below the detection limit of the particle counter sensor Some of these contribute to the ... making informed decisions about particle counters If these are not clear at first reading, readers should refer back to this section as they continue through the book It will become evident that these...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... 6.4) These results indicated that the distribution of lead in sediments corresponds to the surface water drainage pattern Relatively low lead concentrations outside the boundary of the study ... HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: USING WETLANDS FOR THEIR REMOVAL LEAD IN VEGETATION Water lily (Nymphaea odorata) was the most popular species for the entire wetland, except site A Leaves, stems, ... SEDIMENTS Concentrations of lead in sediments also decreased downstream (Figure 6.3) For the most part, lead concentrations were highest in the surface sediments with lower concentrations 15 to 45...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... that are contracted out for service Is the nonfederal action (renovating the plant) subject to NEPA? With respect to NEPA, what is a detailed statement? With respect to NEPA, what are the conditions ... persuasive.” 43 Potential Accidents The Regulations not explicitly mention the significance of impacts that could result from potential accidents To complicate matters, potential accidents that have a ... the jurisdiction of the United States) Instead, it pertains only to those proposed actions currently covered by NEPA that would take place within the United States and its territories This guidance...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 19:20

... at other locations with responsibility for the site understand the priority of safety and health protection in relation to other organizational values Management must establish and communicate ... corrective action is necessary to control them These items include jobsite safety inspections, accident investigations, safety and health committees, and project safety meetings To accomplish the ... written safety and health programs To effectively manage safety and health, a company must pay attention to some critical factors that were mentioned in Section 6.1 These factors are essential to manage...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... evapotranspiration (PET) first and estimate the ET for the site as a fraction of PET or estimate the reduction of PET by limiting factors PET is the maximum ET expected from a set of climatic ... removal in the water balance for an ET cover The ET term in the water balance equation is the actual value and not the potential value With current knowledge, it is necessary to estimate potential ... affected by data input errors for P and I and by errors in model estimates for ET, Q, and ∆SW ET is the largest part of the outgoing water balance for almost all sites It is important to understand...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... for changing direction of pins on ports Pin is designated as input if the appropriate bit is set (with the position matching the appropriate pin of TRISB register, bank1) , otherwise it's output ... which executes the standard procedure for initialization of writing data (setting WREN bit in EECON1 register and writing control bytes 0x55 and 0xAA to EECON2) For data to be actually stored in EEPROM, ... LOcnt movf LOcnt, f btfsc STATUS, Z goto dechi call Delay1ms decf LOcnt, f goto Loop1 dechi movf HIcnt, f btfsc STATUS, Z goto End ; Higher byte of parameter goes to HIcnt ; Lower byte of parameter...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 07:20

... interest rate paid to the outside partners The higher the rate of interest the outside partners get, the lower the percentage they get The lower the rate of interest paid to the outside partners, the ... completion of that activity and meeting certain criteria that the takeout lender sets forth in the commitment to determine the amount of money that will be paid out when the takeout loan is funded The ... sold, there is a distinct possibility that the amount to be funded by the takeout lender will be minimal but the fee for the commitment is based on the possibility that the entire amount of the takeout...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 20:20

... Procurement 129 In this process the team ensures that the contractors performance meets contractual requirements, but also that the buyer meets his contractual requirements To this the team should ... contract must have two parties, and both parties need to understand that there is an agreement It is not enough for one party to propose an arrangement without an indication from the other party that ... team thinks that they cannot afford the time to evaluate a large number of proposals Of course this might also cut out some good proposals that might be of interest to the team If the team is not...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 04:20

... experiment station for a bulletin on smut treatment [Illustration: FIG 123 A SCABBY SEED POTATO] [Illustration: FIG 124 A HEALTHY SEED POTATO] =Potato Scab.= The scab of the white, or Irish, potato ... =EXERCISE= Watch the potatoes at the next harvest and estimate the number that is damaged by scab You will remember that formalin is the substance used to prevent grain smuts Write to your state experiment ... formalin just before they are planted, the formalin will kill the fungi on the potatoes and greatly diminish the amount of scab at the next harvest Therefore before they are planted, seed potatoes should...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 05:20