chapter 2  the semantic web rdf and linked data and sparql

... the Semantic Web to build knowledge and understanding from raw data Many readers were confused by the vision because the nuts and bolts of the Semantic Web are used by machines, agents, and programs and ... http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/ RDFnot.html What Is the Semantic Web? 13 Web before understanding the network effect Tim Berners-Lee’s first example of the utility of the Web was to put a Web server on a mainframe and ... experimentation requires the Semantic Web And since necessity is the mother of invention, the Semantic Web will occur because progress demands it This was known and prophesied in 1945 by Vannevar...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... the Semantic Web? What Is the Semantic Web? Why Do We Need the Semantic Web? Information Overload Stovepipe Systems Poor Content Aggregation How Does XML Fit into the Semantic Web? How Do Web ... the Semantic Web? What’s after Web Services? What Do the Skeptics Say about the Semantic Web? Why the Skeptics Are Wrong! Summary The Business Case for the Semantic Web 17 What Is the Semantic Web ... using Semantic Web technologies Second, we examine the technology building blocks of the Semantic Web to include XML, Web services, and RDF Lastly, not only we show you how the Semantic Web will...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 08:20

... From The Semantic Web to Semantic Web Services 205 Chapter 11 From Web Services to Semantic Web Services 207 11.1 Web Service and Web Service Standards 207 11.1.1 Describe Your Web Service: ... if we combine RDF and RDFS RDF and RDFS working together takes us one step closer to machinereadable semantics on the Web Chapter 5: Web Ontology Language: OWL OWL is built on RDFS and has a more ... the Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services C9330_C000.fm Page ii Monday, May 7, 2007 4:57 PM C9330_C000.fm Page iii Monday, May 7, 2007 4:57 PM Introduction to the Semantic Web and Semantic Web...

Ngày tải lên: 17/07/2014, 12:32

... hyperlinked Web of content, it can be argued that until anyone can easily create metadata about any page and share that metadata with everyone, no true semantic web will arise The Semantic Web ... for data on the Web in such a way as to form a consistently readable logical Web of data – the actual implementation of the Semantic Web (‘sweb’) The steps needed to get from the model of the Semantic ... to mediate and adjudicate between human and machine semantics Schemas based on RDF are described using RDFS, a language for defining RDF vocabularies, which specifies how to handle and label the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:22

... Web services can be “discovered, described, and accessed based on XML and standard Web protocols.” Built on XML, a standard that is supported and accepted by thousands of vendors worldwide, Web ... application It has a standard syntax for meta data XML provides an effective approach to describe the structure and purpose of data It has a standard structure for both documents and data data into a hierarchy ... fundamental in understanding Web services: Web service message syntax (SOAP), Web service discovery and registration technologies, Web service orchestration, Web service security, and technologies...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... such as Sun, IBM, and The Mind Electric will be implementing gridenabled Web services as products A Semantic Web of Web Services The Semantic Web and Web services go hand in hand XML, a self-describing ... xmlns:RDFNsId1=’#’ xmlns :rdf= ’http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22 -rdf- syntax-ns#’> < /rdf: Description> < /rdf: RDF> Listing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... ‘http://protege.stanford.edu/example-chp5#’> -rdf- schema-19990303#’> ]> ... rdf: resource=”&example_chp5;Artifacts”/>

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... computers and people to work in cooperation.” —Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila, “The Semantic Web, ” Scientific American, May 2001 T he first step toward a Semantic Web and using Web services ... and Animal Material and Accessories and Supplies 10 10 00 00 Live Animals 10 10 15 00 Livestock 10 10 15 01 Cats 10 10 15 02 Dogs Understanding Taxonomies 151 Live Plant and Animal Material and ... The subsequent sections of this chapter talk about Topic Maps and RDF, and their similarities and differences But can Topic Maps and RDF enable you to represent taxonomies or ontologies? Or both...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... ER and EER and the kinds of schemas built for databases, refer to nearly any standard database text We like Halpin (1995) and Ullman (1989) Understanding Taxonomies 167 people, databases, and ... abbreviate the combination of RDF and RDFS) and Topic Maps In general, however, we will postpone a more detailed description of RDFS to the next chapter.19 We will see that RDF and Topic Maps are fairly ... property, property-value> RDF Revisited In Chapter 5, we examined RDF and RDF Schema We saw that RDF has the following important concepts: resource, property (and property value), and statement Let’s...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... between a simple semantics and a complex semantics for those objects, and finally between a complex semantics and an even more complex semantics for those objects The mappings between semantics levels ... human-level semantic responses than they have at present We will have a functioning Semantic Web Pragmatics Pragmatics sits above semantics and has to with the intent of the semantics and actual semantic ... Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF), CycL, and Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Semantic Web languages, including RDF/ S, DAML+OIL, and OWL.13 13 KL-ONE: Brachman and Schmoltze (1985), CLASSIC: Patel-Schneider...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... Inference Engine Higher Semantics DAML+OIL, OWL Semantics RDF/ RDF Schema Structure XML Schema Syntax: Data XML Domain Namespace Figure 8.12 Stack architecture for the Semantic Web OWL Web Ontology Language ... ontologies and the Semantic Web is that you are able to express for the first time the semantics of your data, your document collections, and your systems using the same semantic resource and that ... Emerging Semantic Web Ontology Languages This section introduces the emerging Semantic Web languages for representing ontologies These languages include the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and RDF...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... 114–115 Semantic Web defined, 1–2 future of, 24–25 importance of, 4–6 skepticism of, 12–14 Web services and, 7, 83–84 Web site for, XML and, 6–7 Semantic Web Enabled Web Services (SWWS), 84 semantics ... Program), 189 data meta data versus, 30 storing, in XML, 29 data exchange and interoperability, 48 data fidelity, evolution in, 53 data fields, documents versus, 31 data integration, 50 data members, ... 103, 130 RDF See Resource Description Framework RDF Schema, 104, 106 rdfs:Class component, 108 rdfs:comment component, 109 rdfs:domain component, 109 rdfs:isDefinedBy component, 109 rdfs:label...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 12:20

... blocks, and so on), sections for special Mason directives ( blocks, blocks, and so on), and plain text sections (anything outside the other two types of sections) The Perl and text ... from the data caches, the sizes of which you control through the $m->cache and $m->cache_self methods • data_ dir This parameter specifies the directory under which Mason stores its various data, ... saved internally and used as defaults when making a new Request object The parameters that can be set are: autoflush , data_ cache_defaults , dhandler , error_mode , error_format , and out_method...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 12:15

... displayed in & gure The mean monthly returns on IBM and the market index are 0.9617% and 1.3992% per month and the sample standard deviations are 5.9024% and 6.8353% per month, respectively Hence the ... values of αi and β i,M are called the (ordinary) least squares (OLS) esb b b b timates of αi and β i,M Notice that SSR(αi , β i,M ) is a quadratic function in (αi , β i,M ) given the data and so the ... return on this portfolio and σ denote the variance Now consider adding one 99 stock, say IBM, to the portfolio Let RIBM and σ IBM denote the return and variance of IBM and let σ 99,IBM = cov(R99...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 15:17

... difference between Dx and Dy is minimal i.e the regular rectangular grid is as close to a square grid as possible 2.2.3 Computation of matrices NB and K The matrices NB and K are computed using ... Values of matrix NB Fig 2.2.3a: Computation of the matrices NB and K All elements of the matrices NB and K are initially set to zero and the process of circulation continues as long as there are ... oscillations and exceeding of local extremes, if they occur (see paragraph 2.4.1 Smoothness of interpolation and oscillations) 2.2.8 Iteration cycle After smoothing, the matrices P and DP are added...

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2014, 07:20

... gender and strategy use have come to mixed conclusions Ehrman and Oxford (1989) and Oxford and Nyikos (1989) discovered distinct gender differences in strategy use The study by Green and Oxford ... DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION So far, careful steps have been carried out in the process of collecting data for the research work In the part that follows, the data collected will be studied and ... learning strategies on the learning and teaching of foreign and second language Good choice and use of learning strategies would help learners become more independent and autonomous as well as improve...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 00:23

... to the chicken -and- egg problem that the Semantic Web has been facing To take our users’ Semantic Web experience further, we have created Semantic Bank, a communal repository of RDF to which a ... [10] natively supports posting of data to a URL, though it leaves the syntax and semantic of that data as well as how the data is used to the web server at that URL Web sites have been employing ... http://www.marumushi.com/apps/newsmap/newsmap.cfm openRDF.org - home of Sesame http://www.openrdf.org/ Primer - Getting into the semantic web and RDF using N3 http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/Primer html RDF/ XML Syntax Specifications...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 10:20

... languages and models: RDF/ RDF Schema, Description Logic, DAML+OIL, and OWL An exhaustive list of ontology languages for the Semantic Web is presented in [84] RDF and RDF Schema [71]: RDF (Resource ... computing and Semantic Web The remainder of this book is organized as follows In Chapter 2, we present an in-depth study of interaction technologies on the pre Semantic Web and Semantic Web eras ... Web Services in the Semantic Web Landscape 69 Describing and Organizing Semantic Web Services 3.1 The Proposed Model for Semantic Web Services ...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 21:20

... Glance The Personal View Creating and Using Content Authoring Publishing Exporting Databases Distribution Searching and Sifting the Data Semantic Web Services Security and Trust Issues XML Security ... or Free Web Semantic Web Collaboration and Agency Chapter at a Glance Back to Basics The Return of P2P WebDAV Peer Aspects Peering the Data Peering the Services Edge Computing Automation and Agency ... Enhancing the Web 23 Figure 1.3 Conceptual view of hyperlink metadata functionality as it might be implemented to form an enhanced Web Metadata and relational data are gathered and presented...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 02:20