chapter 18  better articles a systematic approach

... applied to all years for which physical estimates are available National accounts data are taken from U.N National Income Accounts Sector level values of Gross Domestic Product are not available, ... original paper user-cost valuation is also presented Data on gross fixed capital formation and capital consumption allowance are taken from UN National Accounts Statistics from a variety of years ... Canada O t t a w a Ontario KIA 0H3 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Aspendalc, Vicloria Australia Environment Canada - Atmospheric Environment Service - Conservation...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... precise and accurate Accuracy Refers to how close a measurement is to the real value Systematic error Values that are either all higher or all lower than the actual value Random Error In the absence ... absence of systematic error, some values that are higher and some that are lower than the actual value 25 26 Precision and accuracy in the laboratory Figure 1.16 continued random error systematic error ... significant figures are retained For addition and subtraction The answer has the same number of decimal places as there are in the measurement with the fewest decimal places Example: adding two volumes...

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2014, 09:22

... focus particular attention on assay validation but rather on biomarker validation Data exchange Data collection and data exchange is becoming extremely burdensome: a whole genome SNP array from Affymetrix ... recommendations for assay parameters, coefficient of variation (CV) and data analysis to report in publications This should also include defining the analytical variation of the assay as well as determining ... collects all high-density data for the intramural program Similarly, data analysis could be centralized as several inter-institutional cooperative groups are already doing for low density data handling...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... Full Op mode Addr Data in Data out Block Block ··· Block n − Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data ··· ··· ··· ··· Data k − Data k − Data k − Data k − Empty Op mode Addr Data in Data out Op mode: ... Yokohama, Japan, January 2006 F Haim, M Sen, D.-I Ko, S S Bhattacharyya, and W Wolf, “Mapping multimedia applications onto configurable hardware with parameterized cyclo-static dataflow graphs,” ... coding Add headers and compose the bitstream r/w Addr Data in Data out r/w Addr Data in Data out Memory Data in Active Shadow (a) Shared memory Valid Data out Update (b) Configuration registers...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... Intrinsix Canada, and a Research Consultant for Calian Corporation Currently, he works with Defence R & D Canada – Ottawa (DRDC Ottawa) His more recent research has focused on FFT filter-bank-based ... Communications Research Laboratory of McMaster University as a Postdoctoral Fellow Since September 1997, he has been working in Ottawa, Canada He was a Research Scientist at Telexis Corporation and ... and consider a rate 1/n constraint length v + binary recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code Given an input data bit i and an encoder state m, the rate 1/n RSC encoder makes a state transition...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... What determines how available a particular environmental hazard is? Two factors are particularly important: the observed frequency of the hazard and its salience Thus, if a particular hazard has ... somewhat, although they are still far above what the standard analysis would predict See Slonim & Roth, supra, at 573, 588 fig. 3A May 1998] BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO LAW & ECONOMICS 1491 article, a ... May 1998] BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO LAW & ECONOMICS 1521 EPA, concerned about an apparent gap in federal law and eager to consolidate their authority over issues of public health, began to draft...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 18:21

... Western medical care Adherence can be a problem in any population, but additional barriers can exist for socioeconomically disadvantaged asthmatics A lack of education or understanding of English, ... the sake of adherence? Perhaps the patient fits into a special category of particularly unstable asthma or exhibits a particular asthma phenotype for which tailoring and individualizing therapy ... Therapeutic Approaches A few medical regimens, although nonstandard therapy, have been shown to have some clinical benefit in refractory asthma The use of a single dose of intramuscular triamcinolone...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 21:20

... age infant • Polycystic ovary syndrome • Acanthosis Nigricans • American Indian or Alaska Native; African-American; Asian; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Hispanic Diagnosis Plasma Glucose ... developing diabetes and its complications in particular groups American Indians, Alaska Natives, African-Americans, Asians, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics develop diabetes ... control in as rapid and efficacious a manner as possible For patients already selfmonitoring and for whom serial HbA1c values are available, the addition of a laboratory fasting plasma glucose...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... Start Exenatide Assess medical nutrition therapy Combination oral agent–insulin therapy/maintain OA–(OA)–(OA)–N or LA Because oral agent–insulin therapy is generally not used as a “final” treatment, ... agents have failed Insulin stage (basal/bolus)/start: at diagnosis R–R–R–N or LA or RA–RA–RA–N or LA If starting Stage at diagnosis, ask the patient to SMBG four times/day (before each meal and at ... patient eats meals and snacks on a regular basis and makes appropriate food choices in reasonable portions If calorie intake has been excessive, can patient reduce calorie intake by moderate amounts...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... Ͻ2000 g at term Child of mother with GDM in any pregnancy Acanthosis nigricans American Indian; Alaska Native; African-American; Asian-American; Native HawaiianPacific Islander; Mexican-American Premature ... diabetes actually began at age and was discovered at age 15 may have the same risk of complications as an adult with years duration of diabetes In many cases the complication can be managed and its ... (especially of Scandinavian descent) are at a higher risk of developing type diabetes, while children of certain ethnic groups (American Indian, Alaska Native, African-American, Asian-American, Latino,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... relative with hirsutism or infertility • Hyperinsulinemia • Being a member of a high-risk group; American Indian or Alaska Native; AfricanAmerican; Asian; Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; ... this is not available then patients can use a logbook to record their values Generally, the accumulated data are averaged and the same BP criteria as mentioned above are used For a complete discussion ... of an annual complete complications surveillance Retinal, kidney, neurological, cardiovascular, oral, and dermatological surveillance should be part of the annual examination (see Chapters and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... occur, and making certain that they not occur again are integral to diabetes management In most instances, DKA and hypoglycemia are preventable Perhaps more than any other aspect of diabetes management, ... hypoglycemia management, and issues regarding day-to-day care A thorough nutritional evaluation (preferably by a dietitian) with a diet history and determining an appropriate food plan as well as assistance ... perinatal, and neonatal complications The diagnostic criteria are based on the O’Sullivan–Mahan criteria that have been modified by Carpenter and Coustan and are supported by the American Diabetes...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... impaired glucose homeostasis (pre-diabetes), and obesity Additionally, certain racial and ethnic groups may be at higher risk (African-Americans, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders, Asian-Americans ... waist-to-hip ratio Ͼ1.0 Duration of diabetes Positive family history Nephropathy Smoking Insulin resistance syndrome American Indian or Alaska Native; African-American; Asian; Native Hawaiian ... or already have, hypertension, measuring BP at each office visit is a necessity Particular racial and ethnic groups (e.g African-Americans and Hispanics) are at significantly higher risk, as are...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... hyperglycemia Age (risk increases with age) Duration of diabetes (Ͼ5 years) Albuminuria Hypertension American Indian or Alaska Native; African-American; Asian; Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; ... Factors • Persistent hyperglycemia • Age and duration of diabetes (especially Ͼ10 years) • Hypertension and albuminuria • American Indian or Alaska Native; AfricanAmerican; Asian; Native Hawaiian ... African-Americans and American Indians are at particular risk They have a three-fold greater chance of developing ESRD compared with Caucasians.14 Pathogenesis and stages of diabetic nephropathy...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... hospitalizations, cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease account for about another third The key factors that predict hospitalization are Staged Diabetes Management: A Systematic Approach ... individuals by ethnicity and type of diabetes Percent Type Type Gestational (GDM) African American Alaska Native American Indian Asian Caucasian Hispanic Pacific Islander Other Figure A. 1 (continued ... IB, Paauw DS, and Brunzell J Inpatient management of adults with diabetes Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 870–878 10 Medical Management of Type Diabetes 4th ed Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... Diabetes Diagnosed: _ 10 Race: ‫ ؍‬Asian ‫ ؍‬White ‫ ؍‬American Indian/Alaska Native ‫ ؍‬Other ‫ ؍‬Black/African-American ‫ ؍‬Unknown ‫ ؍‬Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander 11 ... hypoglycemia • Anticipate schedule changes • Always eat carbohydrates when consuming alcohol • Make sure friends, co-workers, teachers, and room-mates are aware of causes, symptoms and treatment • Have ... fewer goals at one time Example: I will take my oral diabetes medication tablet as soon as I awake every day for the next week Re-set goals as necessary Is patient taking an active role in changing...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 18:21

... codon)-3’ and the “second round PCR” (one-for-all) primer set: One-for-all-forward: 5’-GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCT-3’ and One-for-all-reverse: 5’-GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTC-3’ PCR products containing ... in large scale as described by Soutscheck et al [12], rearranged in line assay format and validated with a number of pre-characterized serum samples These validation data confirmed the seroreactivity ... expressing a truncated form of varicella zoster virus glycoprotein E Vaccine 2002, 20:1308-1315 27 Jaaskelainen AJ, Moilanen K, Buhler S, Lappalainen M, Vapalahti O, Vaheri A, Piiparinen H: Serological...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... There are attempts to define standards in which energy-transforming technical artefacts are referred to as machines, material-transforming artefacts as apparatus and signal-transforming artefacts as ... that this systematic approach to engineering design may serve as an introduction and springboard for the learner, as a help and illustration for the teacher, and as a source of information and ... Design A Systematic Approach G Pahl and W Beitz J Feldhusen and K.-H Grote Engineering Design A Systematic Approach Third Edition Ken Wallace and Luciënne Blessing Translators and Editors 123 Gerhard...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2014, 22:17

... always in pairs The importance of separating a racemic mixture (a mixture containing an equal amount of a pair of enantiomers) has been emphasised by many authors (e.g Sheldon, 1993; Agranat and ... synthesis and separation of racemates For most natural chiral substances, probably the easiest and cheapest way to obtain them as pure enantiomers is a classical extraction, because in nature often ... the laboratory-scale, against the totality of examples of the manufacture of optically active materials, at the industrial level, asymmetric syntheses are still relatively scarce Hence, alternatives...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:18

... of marginal analysis Marginal analysis encourages managers to think very carefully about what they know about costs and demand Only rarely is either type of information exact So in practical applications ... a number of practical demand-oriented approaches can help a marketing manager a better job of understanding the likely shape of the demand curve for a target market We’ll discuss these approaches ... percentage of counter Wal-Mart also works when the two chains are in sales That means it can add a with vendors to create private- many ways similar? Part of smaller markup, still cover its label...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 20:20