chapter 1  introduction to voice over the internet protocol

... interfaces on the same router to belong to the same network 22 LAN Interfaces l Ethernet and Fast Ethernet interfaces l Connects the router to the LAN Ÿ Layer MAC address Ÿ Participates in the Ethernet ... best-path to a network: Ÿ optimum or “shortest” path l Routing protocol dependent l Dynamic routing protocols use their own rules and metrics l A metric is the quantitative value used to measure the ... frame fields change from hop to hop, whereas the packet fields remain unchanged 28 Ethernet Frame IPv4 (Internet Protocol) l Layer addresses: Ÿ Interface -to- Interface on the same network Ÿ Changes...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 13:20

... Allows users to search for a particular help topic Filters can be use to narrow the search § Dynamic help Ÿ Provide a help topic based on the mouse location Ÿ Displays relevant topics in the dynamic ... Can also double click on the file name to expand/collapse Ÿ Solution Explorer toolbar The Refresh icon reloads files in the solution The Display icon shows all files, even the hidden ones Icons ... column is the property value Ÿ Icons The Alphabetic icon arranges the properties alphabetically The Categorized icon arranges the properties by category The Event icon allows reactions to user...

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 11:30

... brackets ({) to prevent confusion 33 Statements break and continue • Used to alter the flow of control – The break statement • Used to exit a loop early – The continue statement • Used to skip the rest ... Display the Errors, Warnings, and Messages produced as you edit and compile code • Double-click any error message entry to open the file where the problem occurs, and move to the error location 17 The ... into a variable used by the method – Any changes made to this variable in the function have no effect on the parameter specified in the function call • Reference parameters – Send a method the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 11:30

... language use to create application will run in the NET CLR Evolution of the C & C++ languages Why C# ? Syntax is simple Directly accessing & manipulating system memory Incorporate the best features ... Introduction to the Visual Studio 2010 Author: Duy Thanh Tran – Phone : 0987773061- Email: thanhxeiko@gmail.com – Blog: http://thanhxeiko.wordpress.com HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY What’s the ... HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY CLR runs on top of host operating system CLR loads assembly & uses JIT compiler to translate MSIL to native machine code Load NET libraries if need MSIL...

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 11:36

... to set the color  Add a label control to the form (Fig 2.20)  Controls can be dragged to the form  Controls can be added to the form by double clicking  The forms background color is the default ... used to make it easier to get data from the user as well as display data to the user  Message boxes  Within the System.Windows.Forms namespace  Used to prompt or display information to the ... used to position the label as in in this example  Set the label’s font size and align text (Fig 2.22)  The Font property changes the label’s text (Fig 2.23)  The TextAlign property to align the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 11:39

... through the code The next three hot buttons in the debug tool bar are run, halt, and animate They allow users to execute, stop, and animate the program at anytime The watch-windows are used to monitor ... simple To add a breakpoint, move the cursor to the line where we want to set a breakpoint The command to enable a breakpoint can be given from the Toggle Breakpoint hot button on the project toolbar ... perversely to the sampling theorem, image frequencies are folded back into the desired frequency band Therefore the original analog signal cannot be recovered from the sampled data This undesired distortion...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 14:15

... animation then zooms in on the featured company, Northwind Traders, and the button changes to read OVERVIEW You can move between the overview and the zoomed-in view at any time At the bottom of the ... Traders customers You move the slider to the left to see how Northwind Traders uses the XML Web services that it maintains for its suppliers Move the slider further to the left to see how the suppliers ... business over the Internet The animation begins with a brief display of the entire process Click the ZOOM IN button in the lower right corner of the display The animation then zooms in on the featured...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 09:20

... Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the next line \t Horizontal tab Move the screen cursor to the next tab stop \r Carriage return Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the current ... the parentheses are nested, the expression in the innermost pair is evaluated first If there are several pairs of parentheses “on the same level” (i.e., not nested), they are evaluated left to ... rights reserved 31 1.16 History of the Internet • TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) • Messages routed properly • Messages arrived intact – Internet Protocol (IP) • Communication among...

Ngày tải lên: 10/03/2014, 06:20

... whether a customer is likely to be lost to a competitor – Approach: • Use detailed record of transactions with each of the past and present customers, to find attributes – How often the customer ... Two points are more similar if the events described by them frequently happen together on the same day We used association rules to quantify a similarity measure Discovered Clusters Applied-Matl-DOW ... Introduction to Data Mining 22 Association Rule Discovery: Application Supermarket shelf management – Goal: To identify items that are bought together by sufficiently many customers – Approach: Process the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... required, a point -to- point link is used to provide a pre-established WAN communications path from the customer premises through the provider network to a remote destination Point -to- point lines ... uses virtual connections called VPN tunnels, which are routed through the Internet from the private network of the company to the remote site or employee host VPN Benefits – Cost savings – Security ... Options Metro Ethernet • Metro Ethernet is a rapidly maturing networking technology that broadens Ethernet to the public networks run by telecommunications companies • IP-aware Ethernet switches...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 08:20

... variables, as they are created in the Main(), and they are only known in the Main() method hen the sum of the two variables is stored in the variable sum Note that the value stored in sum, is the result ... used the + operator Note that the signiicance of the operator is dependent on the type of the variables or constants the operator acts on In the irst case where both operands are integers, the ... you write the operator he rule is that if the operator is irst (let), the variable incremented, ater which the expression value is calculated, and is the operator ater the variable the expression...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... ability to produce or use correct lang forms in real life A good language test: either recognition or production items, or combination of both Problems of sampling     The longer the test the ... instrument The language tested= the one used in the classroom Items based on contrastive analysis: effective for Ss from the same L1 Writing test specifications based on learning tasks included in the ...    Analyzing the language tested: important Identifying the purpose of assessment: including aspects /skills tested Before constructing tests: to questions standards Testing the language skills...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 09:20

... across the junction Forward-Biased PN Junction • Electron are forced to move across the junction and fall into the holes on the other side Current is flowing • The energy required to make the electrons ... not the other •Conventional current flows from anode to cathode •Electrons flow from cathode to anode Diodes are Important • The humble silicon diode is the simplest of all the semiconductor ... Volt drop across the junction Other Semiconductors • Silicon is not the only material used to make semiconductors • Germanium was used originally back in the 1950s, and is used today in high frequency...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 16:22

... be used to align management and stockholder interests – The incentives need to be structured carefully to make sure that they achieve their goal • Corporate control – The threat of a takeover may ... ethical for tobacco companies to sell a product that is known to be addictive and a danger to the health of the user? Is it relevant that the product is legal? • Should boards of directors consider ... • Financial managers try to answer some or all of these questions • The top financial manager within a firm is usually the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) – Treasurer – oversees cash management,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2015, 12:58

... to 4000 Hz to limit the amount of crosstalk in the voice network Using the Nyquist theorem, you need to sample at 8000 samples per second to achieve good-quality voice transmission The filtered ... interfaces and are widely deployed into the packet infrastructure One of the jobs of the call-control protocol is to tell the RTP streams where to terminate and where to begin Call-control accomplishes ... at least, many protocols will be used, and there will be no need for a single call-control protocol VoIP Call-Control Protocols As of this writing, the main VoIP call-control protocols are H.323,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2013, 05:20

... front of the class Listen carefully to each presentation to ensure that the students stick to the topic and to help them to avoid their natural inclinations to design Exchange 2000 for their particular ... the class Listen carefully to each presentation to ensure that the students stick to the topic and to help them avoid their natural inclinations to design Exchange 2000 for their particular topic ... click OK to accept the default Click Close to close the Add Standalone Snap-in dialog box, and then click OK to close the Add/Remove Snap-in dialog box !" save the custom console To On the Console...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2013, 16:15

... Directory Module 1: Introduction to Exchange 2000 and the Web Storage System 11 # Introduction to the Web Storage System Topic Objective To list the topics related to Introduction to the Web Storage ... concept of stores in a storage group Lead-in You group stores into storage groups for easier maintenance ! Storage Groups contain Multiple Stores Storage Group A Store Store Store Store Store Transaction ... because storage group properties apply to all stores in the group, you can manage the stores by configuring only the storage group All the stores in a storage group share a common transaction log The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 14:15