ch 5 diseases and disorders of the eye and ear
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 12) ppt
... papilledema. Optic Disc Drusen These are refractile deposits within the substance of the optic nerve head (Fig. 29-13). They are unrelated to drusen of the retina, which occur in age-related macular ... common in people of northern European descent. Their diagnosis is obvious when they are visible as glittering particles upon the surface of the optic disc. However, in many patients they are hidden ... exclusion to the diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension). The majority of patients are young, female, and obese. Treatment with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor such as...
- 5
- 350
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 14) pps
... Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 14) Stroke This occurs when interruption of blood supply from the posterior cerebral artery to the visual cortex is prolonged. The only ... variety of genetic diseases, such as myotonic dystrophy, neurofibromatosis type 2, and galactosemia. Radiation therapy and glucocorticoid treatment can induce cataract as a side effect. The cataracts ... viewing light reflected from the fundus with an ophthalmoscope or by examining the dilated eye using the slit lamp. The only treatment for cataract is surgical extraction of the opacified lens. Over...
- 5
- 314
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 16) pps
... Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 16) Central Serous Chorioretinopathy This primarily affects males between the ages of 20 and 50 . Leakage of serous fluid from the choroid ... localized detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium and the neurosensory retina. These detachments produce acute or chronic symptoms of metamorphopsia and blurred vision when the macula is ... administration of panretinal laser photocoagulation at the appropriate point in the evolution of the disease. For further discussion of the manifestations and management of diabetic retinopathy, see Chap....
- 5
- 379
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 17) potx
... Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 17) Melanoma and Other Tumors Melanoma is the most common primary tumor of the eye (Fig. 29-18). It causes photopsia, an enlarging scotoma, and ... Ophthalmopathy This is the leading cause of proptosis in adults (Chap. 3 35) . The proptosis is often asymmetric and can even appear to be unilateral. Orbital inflammation and engorgement of the extraocular ... atrophy of retrobulbar fat, or fracture of the orbital floor. The position of the eyes within the orbits is measured using a Hertel exophthalmometer, a hand-held instrument that records the position...
- 5
- 352
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 18) ppt
... stretching and redundancy of eyelid skin and subcutaneous fat (dermatochalasis). The extra weight of these sagging tissues causes the lid to droop. Enlargement or deformation of the eyelid from infection, ... purely mechanical basis. Aponeurotic Ptosis This is an acquired dehiscence or stretching of the aponeurotic tendon, which connects the levator muscle to the tarsal plate of the eyelid. It ... weakness), or a family history of ptosis should be sought. Fluctuating ptosis that worsens late in the day is typical of myasthenia gravis. Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 18) Orbital...
- 5
- 438
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 19) ppsx
... "lazy" eye) in the deviated eye. Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 19) Myogenic Ptosis The causes of myogenic ptosis include myasthenia gravis (Chap. 381) and a number of rare myopathies ... primary gaze, and then with the head turned and tilted in each direction. In the above example, a cover test with the head turned to the right will maximize the fixation shift evoked by the cover ... If the eye movements are full and the ocular misalignment is equal in all directions of gaze (concomitant deviation), the diagnosis is strabismus. In this condition, which affects about 1% of...
- 5
- 454
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 20) ppt
... the subarachnoid space the oculomotor nerve is vulnerable to aneurysm, meningitis, tumor, infarction, and compression. In cerebral herniation the nerve becomes trapped between the edge of the ... when the oculomotor nerve is injured by trauma or compression (tumor, aneurysm). Miswiring of sprouting fibers to the levator muscle and the rectus muscles results in elevation of the eyelid ... hemiparesis. Trochlear Nerve The fourth cranial nerve originates in the midbrain, just caudal to the oculomotor nerve complex. Fibers exit the brainstem dorsally and cross to innervate the contralateral...
- 5
- 355
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 21) pps
... 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 21) Abducens Nerve The sixth cranial nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle. A palsy produces horizontal diplopia, worse on gaze to the side of the lesion. ... generally have the opposite effect: the eyes deviate conjugately away from the irritative focus. Parietal lesions disrupt smooth pursuit of targets moving toward the side of the lesion. Bilateral ... because they often occur in the setting of diabetes or other vascular risk factors. Some cases may develop as a postinfectious mononeuritis (e.g., following a viral flu). Patching one eye or...
- 5
- 333
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 22) ppsx
... abduction of the eye on the other side. Figure 29-19 nucleus of Cajal cause supranuclear paresis of upgaze, downgaze, or all vertical eye movements. Distal basilar artery ischemia is the most ... internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO). A. In primary position of gaze the eyes appear normal. B. Horizontal gaze to the left is intact. C. On attempted horizontal gaze to the right, the left eye fails ... of the eyes, usually constant in all positions of gaze. The finding has poor localizing value because skew deviation has been reported after lesions in widespread regions of the brainstem and...
- 5
- 431
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 23) pptx
... Kanski JJ: Systemic Diseases and the Eye. St Louis, Mosby, 2001 Leibowitz HM: The red eye. N Engl J Med 343:3 45, 2000 [PMID: 109224 25] Leigh RJ, Zee DS: The Neurology of Eye Movements, 4th ... variety of diseases (Chap. 22). Abnormalities of the eyes or optic nerves, present at birth or acquired in childhood, can produce a complex, searching nystagmus with irregular [PMID: 16 355 161] ... optineurin. Science 2 95: 1077, 2002 Trobe JD: The Neurology of Vision, Univ Michigan Med School (Contemporary Neurology Series 60), 2001 Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 23) Parinaud's...
- 7
- 377
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 8) ppsx
... Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 8) Episcleritis This is an inflammation of the episclera, a thin layer of connective tissue between the conjunctiva and sclera. Episcleritis ... of scleritis, the globe assumes a violet hue and the patient complains of severe ocular tenderness and pain. With posterior scleritis the pain and redness may be less marked, but there is often ... proptosis, choroidal effusion, reduced motility, and visual loss. Episcleritis and scleritis should be treated with NSAIDs. inflammation of both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Posterior...
- 5
- 412
- 0
Chapter 029. Disorders of the Eye (Part 9) potx
... reveals zones of whitened, edematous retina following the distribution of branch retinal arterioles. Complete occlusion of the central retinal artery produces arrest of blood flow and a milky ... a cherry-red fovea (Fig. 29-6). Emboli are composed of either cholesterol (Hollenhorst plaque), calcium, or platelet-fibrin debris. The most common source is an atherosclerotic plaque in the ... endocarditis, but they also appear in leukemia, diabetes, and many other conditions. Endophthalmitis also occurs as a complication of ocular surgery, occasionally months or even years after the operation....
- 5
- 333
- 0
Tìm thêm: hệ việt nam nhật bản và sức hấp dẫn của tiếng nhật tại việt nam xác định các nguyên tắc biên soạn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo của các đơn vị đào tạo tại nhật bản xác định thời lượng học về mặt lí thuyết và thực tế điều tra đối với đối tượng giảng viên và đối tượng quản lí điều tra với đối tượng sinh viên học tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ1 khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam khảo sát các chương trình đào tạo theo những bộ giáo trình tiêu biểu nội dung cụ thể cho từng kĩ năng ở từng cấp độ phát huy những thành tựu công nghệ mới nhất được áp dụng vào công tác dạy và học ngoại ngữ mở máy động cơ lồng sóc các đặc tính của động cơ điện không đồng bộ hệ số công suất cosp fi p2 đặc tuyến hiệu suất h fi p2 đặc tuyến mômen quay m fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 sự cần thiết phải đầu tư xây dựng nhà máy thông tin liên lạc và các dịch vụ từ bảng 3 1 ta thấy ngoài hai thành phần chủ yếu và chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là tinh bột và cacbonhydrat trong hạt gạo tẻ còn chứa đường cellulose hemicellulose chỉ tiêu chất lượng 9 tr 25