cellular dry weight estimation of micro algae

... sectorization of the cells on the reverse link performance of a WCDMA cellular system are also investigated The first two sets of results presented are the pdfs and the cdfs of the AoA of the interfering ... probability of CCI, indicating the improved performance obtained by sectorization and the use of narrow beam antennas Typical values of CIR at the input of the receiver in the reverse link of a WCDMA ... due to CCI and capacity estimation of the reverse link of single cluster size systems Analytically derived closed form expressions that provide the statistics of the AoA of the interfering signals...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... body weight of both sexes at 10 weeks was lower (0.72) than the correlation between body weight of males at 12 weeks and body weight of females at 10 weeks (0.81) As heritability of body weight ... as well as for the weight of the fatty liver of males after 13 d of cramming (LW) Body weight at d of age (BWI) was also measured in the last generation on 138 animals Body weight was considered ... percentage of fat tissue, also differs This could also contribute to increased heritability of growth traits of females, as this trait is very heritable (3! The means of estimates of heritability of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... between body weights at different ages Estimates of r between weight at hatch and weight at ages 2-4 wk were low and suggest that squab hatch weight is a poor indicator of later body weight As pointed ... techniques and weight gains reported for sexing squabs are not reliable so the body weights Overall means, phenotypic standard deviations (up) and heritability estimates of body weight and weight gain ... in table Variability in body weight is ! 12% on day of hatch and increases to 32% at d of age, it then declines gradually to ! 11% ? at wk of age Variability in weight gain during the 1st wk...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 20:20

... properties of the soil used for training of the MANN models are shown in Table Class Relative Importance (%) Table Properties of the soil used for learning of the MANN models Range of values Water ... database for the physical properties of the soil and results of consolidation test, to learn the database, and to predict the properties of consolidation SELECTION OF STRAIN RATE r= V − Vmin Vmax ... pressure ratio increases as the increase of strain rate and their trends are similar to those of the previous research In the case of sample D, the predicted values of ANN model are slightly different...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2013, 15:01

... the change of flow rate with time, specific discharge was calculated for estimating runoff ratio of each measured precipitation event Specific discharge is defined as the ratio of runoff loadings ... loadings to the area of a river basin, and runoff ratio is defined as the ratio of specific discharge to precipitation amount Runoff loadings were obtained by the subtraction of base flow from total ... to that of the runoff ratio (Figure 4) So it could also be deduced that the outflow of PAHs did not happen easily when there was less than a certain amount of precipitation The load of PAHs increased...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... majority of clusters of the data are close to the regression line Figures 3, 4, 5, and show the scatter plots of calculated and measured global hourly solar radiation for the cities of Mosul, ... determination of hourly values of total solar radiation from daily summation Archives of Meteorology Geophysics and Bioklimatology Series B 1956, 7, 197 [3] Hottel H.C., Whiller A Evaluation of flate ... radiation for the 15th day of each month for Baghdad city It is seen that the trend of the calculated and measured values are similar for all months and there is an over estimation in the calculated...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:59

... dome shape) roof structure as shown by the pictorial view of skylight dome in Figure 13 shows the schematic diagram of dome shape skylight rooms There are three numbers of dome shape roof structure ... area of room under big dome (Af, m2) Floor area of room under small dome (Af, m2) Total area of glazing (Ag, m2) for big dome Total area of glazing (Ag, m2) for small dome Transmittance of glazing ... because of the higher values of solar radiation and luminous efficacy The maximum horizontal diffuse illuminance is found in July months because of overcast conditions due to monsoons Graphs of illuminance...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... potential (m3/mg of waste), Mi = the mass of solid waste in the ith section of the landfill (mg), ti = the age of the ith section of the section of the landfill (years), t = the age of the landfill ... Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013, pp.85-92 Figure Graph of frequency against range of values of age of landfill (t) Figure represents range of values of the total ... 0.0496, and 0.223 respectively Figure Graph of the frequency against the range of values of CNMOC Figure Graph of frequency against range of values of average annual acceptance rate ® ISSN 2076-2895...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... diameter of a finger) and a vertical scale of about 100 µm (typical resolution of the finger) A good optical microscope is also a roughness sensor that can observe lateral length scales of the order of ... (a) Histograms of the number of contact spots, n(a)∆a found of a particular range of spot areas for two different real contact areas The numbers n(a)∆a area for mm2 of apparent area of rigid disk ... that the sum of the variances of two regions of lengths L1 and L2 can be added up as ( ) ( ) ( ) σ L1 + L2 = σ L1 + σ L2 (4.3.7) They gathered roughness measurements of a wide range of surfaces...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... coefficient of friction of 0.018 as compared with other samples measured in this study (the coefficient of friction of ZnA films is ~0.03) The coefficient of friction for LB film is comparable to that of ... coefficient of friction than that of the Z-15 lubricated sample For the unlubricated and lubricated samples, the coefficient of friction in a dry environment is lower than at ambient of about 50% ... with load (coefficient of friction in the range of 0.5 to 0.8) Similar values of the coefficient of friction are observed for unlubricated silicon surfaces, indicating that most of the unbonded liquid...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... square roots of the arithmetic average of squares of the vertical deviation of a surface profile from its mean plane Due to the multiscale nature of surfaces, it is found that the variances of surface ... since the typical radius of curvature of the tips is about 30 nm The radius of curvature of the asperities of the samples measured here (the asperities that produce most of the friction variation) ... surface is composed of a large number of length of scales of roughness that are superimposed on each other Surface roughness is most commonly characterized by the standard deviation of surface heights,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... photolithography, electroforming, and molding processes One of the limitations of silicon microfabrication processes originally used for fabrication of MEMS devices is lack of suitable materials ... devices using direct material microcutting or micromechanical machining (such as micromilling, microdrilling, microturning) or removal by energy beams (such as microspark erosion, focused ion ... limits the repeatability of operation or may even prevent the operation altogether Figure 16.2 shows the SEM micrograph of a microfabricated harmonic side-drive (wobble) micromotor © 1999 by CRC...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 12:15

... tip and sample is often referred to as the pull-off force Unfortunately, measuring the pull-off force does not directly give the work of adhesion The pull-off force is a function of the local curvature ... because of cantilever instabilities The infinite slope of the linear curve indicates that the microscope was operated outside of its detection limits Two factors limit detectability for the case of ... case of an eraser and its residue A particle of eraser residue may be roughly spherical, with a radius R of the order of 100 µm, whereas the eraser itself may have dimensions in the range of cm...

Ngày tải lên: 09/11/2013, 03:15

... virus (VZV) VZV: Chickenpox VZV: Shingles Re-activation of latent infection Suppression of cell mediated immunity Bacteria  Unicellular,  DNA and RNA  Binary  No prokaryotes fission mitochondria ... (transfer of plasmid DNA) Important bacterial products 1: extracellular polysaccharide  CAPSULE condensed, well defined layer closely surrounding the cell contributes to invasiveness of pathogenic ... Influenza Viruses Obligate intracellular parasites Use host cell for nucleic acid and protein synthesis Cell attachment: target for blocking antibody vaccines Intracellular replication: target...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 17:15

... most of the contacts occur between the tips of microscopic asperities, which may be smooth over their microscopic contact area 9.13 Stick-Slip Friction An understanding of stick-slip is of great ... simulations offer the best way to understand and predict the magnitude of ε, but the complex multibody nature of the problem makes simple conclusions difficult to draw Some of the basic physics of the ... of order or symmetry If either is missing, so will the oscillations A roughness of only a few angstroms is often sufficient to eliminate any oscillatory component of a force law 9.4.2 Effect of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... results of moving a probe of known Miller surface of a perfect crystal and calculate how energy is generated in the various phonon modes of the crystal as a function of time.” From another point of ... measured motion of the tip In the images shown, the axes of the crystal, of the motion of the tip, and of the cantilever were aligned with respect to each other More specifically, the x-axis of the cantilever ... pressures of about 1.5 GPa Generally, the pressures in nanoscale contacts can be much higher than the bulk yield pressure and of the order of magnitude of the theoretical yield pressure of defect-free...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

... Modulus of Elasticity by Cantilever Deflection Measurement • Determination of Hardness and Modulus of Elasticity of Thin Films from the Composity Response of Film and Substrate 10.4 Examples of Measured ... in terms of the energy of impact and the size of the remaining indentation For example, in the shore rebound scleroscope, the hardness is expressed in terms of the height of rebound of the indenter ... position of the indenter relative to the surface of the specimen (depth of an indent) during the indentation process The area of the indent is then calculated from a knowledge of the geometry of the...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

... Acknowledgments Background • Parameter estimation is a key step in development of mathematical models • Models of interest may be ODEs/DAEs • Minimization of a weighted squared error r φ = θ,z µ ... extension of a function f (x) over X F (X) ⊇ {f (x) | x ∈ X} • Natural interval extension – leads to overestimation (dependence problem) Taylor Models • Taylor Model Tf – an interval extension of a ... possible to compute Taylor models of complex functions Taylor Models - Range Bounding • Exact range bounding of the interval polynomials – NP hard • Direct evaluation of the interval polynomials –...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 22:03

... Acknowledgments Background • Parameter estimation is a key step in development of mathematical models • Models of interest may be ODEs/DAEs • Minimization of a weighted squared error r φ = θ,z µ ... extension of a function f (x) over X F (X) ⊇ {f (x) | x ∈ X} • Natural interval extension – leads to overestimation (dependence problem) Taylor Models • Taylor Model Tf – an interval extension of a ... possible to compute Taylor models of complex functions Taylor Models - Range Bounding • Exact range bounding of the interval polynomials – NP hard • Direct evaluation of the interval polynomials –...

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2014, 22:16

... History of Tribology and Its Significance to Industry Origins and Significance of Micro/ Nanotribology Measurement Techniques Scanning Tunneling Microscope • Atomic Force Microscope • Friction Force Microscope ... understanding of the principle of hydrodynamic lubrication was made possible by the experimental studies of Tower (1884), the theoretical interpretations of Reynolds (1886), and related work by Petroff ... films Micro- and nanotribological techniques are ideal for studying the friction and wear processes of micro- and nanostructures Although micro/ nanotribological studies are critical to study micro- ...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 04:20