cells of the intervertebral disc

... parallel to the vertebral bodies, with the fibres continuing into the disc [8] A schematic view of a spinal segment and the intervertebral disc The figure shows the organization of the disc with the ... to degeneration of the disc Nutritional pathways to disc degeneration One of the primary causes of disc degeneration is thought to be failure of the nutrient supply to the disc cells [65] Like ... they may be produced by the cells of the disc themselves as well as by the cells of the invading blood vessels Aggrecanases have also been shown to occur in human disc but their activity is apparently...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... number of calcifications within a single dog The presence of calcification was not related to sex or age in either breed nor was the age related to the number of calcified discs The median number of ... (Antisedan® mg/ml) 0.1 mg/kg IM to reverse the sedation The authors evaluated the radiographs together The number of calcified discs was calculated and their location in the vertebral column was recorded ... defined as the length of a divided by the length of b Teaching Hospital of Helsinki University for a radiographic survey of the spine and front legs For the radiographic examination the dogs were...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... investigated the effects of IL-1 in such systems, one using ovine IVD cells [25] and the other, rabbit IVD cells [28] This is the first reported study to investigate the effects of IL-1 on human disc cells ... increase in the gene expression of the aggrecanase ADAMTS4 in cells derived from degenerate NP In vivo, the NP contains the highest concentration of aggrecan in the IVD The response of cells derived ... was performed using all disc sections, regardless of level of degeneration Investigation of the effect of IL-1 on human IVD cells in alginate culture Issolation of Disc cells Tissue samples were...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... actions of FGF2 in intervertebral disc of of Schematic of the regulationcells catabolic and anti-anabolic actions of FGF2 in intervertebral disc cells Fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) activates the ... synthesis, reducing the amount of PG synthesized per cell by 40% A similar finding was noted in the case of AF cells FGF2-mediated reduction in PG accumulation in the CM is therefore, in part, the ... inhibition of PG synthesis, the incorporation of [35S]-sulfate by NP and AF cells into PGs was quantified The results showed that PG synthesis by both NP cells (Figure 5a) and AF cells (Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... Induction of intervertebral disc- like cells from adult mesenchymal stem cells Stem Cells 2005, 23:403-411 10 Trout JJ, Buckwalter JA, Moore KC: Ultrastructure of the human intervertebral disc: II Cells ... adaptation of the cells to the unique environment of the IVD [19-21] This suggests that the challenging environment of the IVD contributes to defining the cells that occupy the NP Fujita and ... AC cells than in either NP or AF cells The identification of NC cells in bovine NP tissue led us to experimentally determine whether the identified NP and IVD markers were expressed either in the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:23

... pushing on its bow? The leverage lies in going to the stern and pushing the tail end of the tanker to the right, in order to turn the front to the left This, of course, is the job of the rudder But ... illustration of leverage that also served as his metaphor for the principle of leverage the "trim tab." A trim tab is a small "rudder on the rudder" of a ship It is only a fraction the size of the rudder ... easier to turn the rudder, which, then, makes it easier to turn the ship The larger the ship, the more important is the trim tab because a large volume of water flowing around the rudder can...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 18:20

... superficially in the face of French rule A new generation of Vietnamese grew up within a context characterized by the decline of the long-held superiority of the white man, 14 The Formulation of the National ... on the notion that their lives would be entirely changed for the better, in order to nurture the ‘subjective’ factor of the revolutionary will of the people as a whole 22 The Formulation of the ... conclude that the outcome of the Revolution of August 1945, the crest of a conquering, irresistible swell, depended upon the strengths of the leadership and local organization of the Việt Minh,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 04:20

... examine the endothelial cell biology of the mouse, and will accelerate the molecular and cellular analysis of ECs and their heterogeneity in various vascular beds 1994 Construction of the transgene ... cells as well as ECs [27], and that cardiac valvular cells were derived from endothelial cells through an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition during early development [33] The presence of these ... cells and embryonic endothelial cells may be contaminants in the present culture system In order to overcome these disadvantages, the use of tamoxifen-inducible Cre-expressing mice, such as the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... these findings In the tritocerebrum, the number and position of EcR-A-producing cells differed from EcR-B1-producing cells The intracellular localization of EcR-A was also distinct from that of ... and (E) indicate the EcR-A- and EcR-B1-producing cells in the tritocerebral region of the pupal brain, respectively Red arrows indicate the EcR-Aor EcR-B1-producing cells in the subesophagal ... unpublished data) As the 20E signal is transduced via the EcR–USP complex, it can be concluded that PTPCs are the only cells to respond to 20E at the transcriptional level, and these cells therefore play...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 13:20

... digesting the fragment with HindIII and Bgl II and the plasmid with HindIII and Bam HI The fragment was ligated into the plasmid and the integrity of the insertion was validated by digesting the plasmid ... contributing to the phosphorylation of the wild-type siglec tail by Lck and Jak3 kinases By comparison, the mutation of the tyrosine at position 641 did not significantly affect the degree of phosphorylation ... further enhanced with activation of the cells prior to testing The amino-acid sequences of the cytoplasmic tails of several siglec proteins strongly suggest that they participate in intracellular...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... differences from the other rodents The purpose of the present study was to clarify the regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of the Mongolian gerbil, ... similar cells are also present in the digestive tract of the Endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of the Mongolian gerbil dog In the present study, glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the ... Endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of the Mongolian gerbil Fig Insulin-immunoreactive cells in the pancreatic islets of Mongolian gerbils Note that most of the immunoreactive cells were...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:23

... Glucagon-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas of the C57BL/6 mice; Most of these immunoreactive cells were located to peripheral regions of pancreatic islets and rare cells were also detected in the mantle ... synthesized in the B cells of the pancreatic islets and regulates the serum glucose levels [15] In the mammals, the regional distribution and relative frequency of insulin-immunoreactive cells ... immunohistochemical Study on the Pancreatic Endocrine Cells of the C57BL/6 Mouse 329 Ta ble Regional distributions and relative frequencies of the endocrine cells in the pancreas of C57BL/6 mice P an...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... Relevance of the expression of NFκB1 mRNA to the generation of fibroblast-like cells There was a variation in the expression of NFκB1 mRNA among the RA patients We next examined the relationship of the ... The data suggest, therefore, that the enhanced expression of NFκB1 mRNA in bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA Discussion The importance of ... levels of TNF-α in the bone marrow Further studies to explore the mechanism of abnormal expression of NFκB1 mRNA in bone marrow CD34+ cells would be important for delineation of the pathogenesis of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20

... concerning the genetics of RA not only reinforce the importance of T cells in both susceptibility to and outcome of this disease but also emphasize the complex and interdependent roles of T cells in the ... better understood, proof of their importance may ultimately be confirmed by application of new biologic therapies to the treatment of RA Recent breakthroughs in the delineation of the novel Th17 subset ... IL-1Ra-deficient mice in the absence of mature T cells [25] Transfer of T cells from IL-1Ra-deficient mice into nude mice resulted in arthritis, further substantiating the role of T cells in this model...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... between the metabolically active part of the plasma membrane of the osteoclast, the ruffled border, and the bone surface This acidification allows the cell to solubilize calcium from the bone ... other mechanisms lead to its degradation (Figure 4) Although the molecular mechanism of degradation of the surface cartilage of the inflamed joint is not fully understood, a combination of the ... with polykaryons These cells also accumulate at sites close to the bone surface, although they are not strictly dependent on direct contact with the bone surface Notably, cells of the osteoclast...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... by B cells has been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of a murine model of arthritis Specifically, the involvement of B cells in priming T cells was dissected within the context of proteoglycan ... effect in the K/B×N mouse model of arthritis discussed above through induction of FcγRIIB [38] This property of IVIG has been linked to sialylation of the Fc portion of IgG The proportion of sialylated ... Targeting bad B cells An understanding of which B cells are relevant to the pathogenesis of disease is important in designing therapeutic strategies to target B cells The vast majority of B cells found...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... DC rapidly cross the endothelium of lymphatic vessels and migrate to the draining secondary lymphoid organs, under the influence of CCR7 chemotactic ligands [19] The uptake of immunogenic antigen ... upstream DC signals, by the subsets of DC that participate in the immune response, and by the recruitment of other cell Page of 12 (page number not for citation purposes) The DC maturation programme ... deletion of self-reactive T cells, circulation of low-affinity self-reactive T cells in the periphery is inevitable Self-antigen is commonly ignored by these T cells, however, because their affinity...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... in the absence of an inflammatory environment [2] Nevertheless, there is evidence of loss of proteoglycan throughout the cartilage matrix, particularly in the superficial zone in contact with the ... dendritic cells, several different cytokines are produced in the inflamed synovium as a result of the influx of inflammatory cells from the circulation and synovial cell hyperplasia The upregulation of ... part of the type II collagen fibril, and type IX integrates with the surface of the fibril with the noncollagen domain projecting outward, permitting association with other matrix components The...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... characterized by the influx of pre-activated monocytes, their maturation into resident Mφ, their full activation, and their interaction with other synovial cells The complexity of the interaction is the result ... precursor cells into dendritic cells, another important arm of the accessory cell system Also, either IL-11 or vitamin D3 and dexamethasone induce the differentiation of bone marrow cells or mature ... Fibroblast-macrophage interaction Because of the prominent numbers of Mφ and fibroblasts and their activated status in RA synovial tissue, the interaction of these cells is critical for the resulting inflammation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22