cell signaling pathways elicited by particulates

... induced by particles in the two respiratory target cells (airway epithelial cells and macrophages) Several studies using HBE cell lines (BEAS-2B, 16HBE), normal human airway epithelial cells, ... status is known to induce cellular specific responses in the order that cells face oxidant insult Various studies have shown that such responses occur in DEP-treated cells By a genomic approach, ... organic compounds By chemical fractionation (organic vs aqueous fraction) of Paris urban PM2.5, it was shown that the GM-CSF secretion induced by native PM2.5 in HBE cells was mimicked by their organic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... target of S1P signaling in primary cultures of SMCs and its regulation occurs at the promoter level We investigated the nature of the intracellular signaling pathways that link S1P signaling to ... Cell Biol 10, 3569–3577 Tamura, I., Rosenbloom, J., Macarak, E & Chaqour, B (2001) Regulation of Cyr61 gene expression by mechanical stretch through multiple signaling pathways Am J Physiol Cell ... prepared by harvesting the cells in 0.1% Triton X-100 lysis buffer Protein concentration was determined by using the Bradford protein assay (Bio-Rad) Protein samples (20 lg) were separated by SDS/PAGE...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... fronts: a Sunni insurgency stoked by foreign jihadis and an attempt by Shi’a militant Muqtada al-Sadr and his Jaysh al-Mahdi (JAM) to gain political power by force By 2006, Sunni suicide bombers ... Center, contact the Director, James Dobbins, who can be reached by email at dobbins@rand.org; by phone at 703-413-1100, extension 5134; or by mail at the RAND Corporation, 1200 South Hayes Street, ... be resisted by militias tied to the Sunni, the Kurds, and excluded Shi’a political factions The resumption of armed resistance on the part of the Sunni or stepped-up encroachment by the Kurds...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 02:20

... in granulosa cells antibiotics Granulosa cells were released by puncturing the large- and medium-sized follicles with a 25-gauge needle Granulosa cells were washed and harvested by brief centrifugation ... modified by SUMO in cells, COS-7 cells were cotransfected with Myc-tagged LRH-1 and SUMO-1 in the presence or absence of an E3 ligase PIAS3 A fraction of slowermigrating bands could be detected by ... granulosa cells EGFP-LRH1 wild-type (A) or multiple lysine mutants (B–F) were cotransfected with DsRed-SUMO-1 into primary rat granulosa cells After 24 h, cells were fixed and detected by direct...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... tissues involved Thus, final response is mediated by coordinated spinal activity in the autonomic pathways to the penis, and also in the somatic pathways to the perineal striated muscles Both central ... expressed in penile tissues 22, it is activated by calcium entry into the cell, binding to calmodulin associated with enzymes 23 There are two main intracellular mechanisms for relaxing the cavernosal ... adenylate cyclase/cAMP pathways (Figure 3) NO is associated with GS/cGMP signaling, called NO/cGMP pathway Upon its release, NO diffuses locally into adjacent smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... Blood cells and cell lines were labeled with calcein-AM (5 mL per 108 cells) for 30 at 37 8C Red blood cells, mixed white blood cells, Ramos and Daudi (B -cell lines), HL60 and K562 (monocytic cell ... mononuclear cells (PBMC) FITC Staining (%) Cell line Type mALCAM–hIg CD5– hIg Siglec-10–hIg MB PM TJ Ramos HSB-2 Raji Daudi Jurkat HEL U973 HL60 B -cell (EBV) B -cell (EBV) B -cell (EBV) B -cell (lymphoma) ... fraction) from several cell lines and peripheral blood cell preparations were mixed with sample buffer and resolved by SDS/PAGE (4 –20% gradient gel) and transferred to nitrocellulose by standard Western...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... U937 cells were treated with PGSE and followed by TNFα stimulation The gene expression profiles of total cellular RNA were examined by Affymetrix genechip analysis and the data were analyzed by ... time Figure U937 cells by of CXCL-10 and IL-8 in culture supernatant of QuantificationELISA Quantification of CXCL-10 and IL-8 in culture supernatant of U937 cells by ELISA U937 cells were pretreated ... mg/ml by trypan blue exclusion assay The viability of cells was over 90% after incubating U937 cells with the PGSE for 48 hours Cytotoxicity test of PGSE Cytotoxic effects of PGSE on U937 cells...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... stimulated by the T -cell mitogen concanavalin A (ConA, mg/L; Sigma) for 48 h Cell- free supernatant fractions were collected and stored at -80°C until analysis for IL-2 by ELISA (ExCell Biology ... determined by bicinchoninic acid protein assay (Applygen Technologies Inc.) Samples (100 μg protein) were separated by 8% SDS-PAGE and electroblotted to nitrocellulose membrane, which were blocked by ... expressed by mature monocytes [16] and by monocyte-derived microglia-like cells [39], and CD45 is a pan-leukocyte marker Unexpectedly, an increase in absolute numbers of macrophage/microglial cells...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... resveratrol decreases ERK and mTOR signaling in TG neurons, it is not known whether resveratrol is capable of blocking signaling via ERK or mTOR engaged by extracellular signals Hence, we asked ... endogenous signaling factors that act on these pathways [45] A crucial kinase for negative regulation of translation is the ubiquitous, energy-sensing kinase AMPK Activation of AMPK by depletion of cellular ... opportunity to achieve inhibition of pain-related signaling because it harnesses the cell s natural mechanism for dampening signaling in two pathways strongly implicated in pain amplification...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... avoided, this may be possible by either changing the milling cutter’s diameter, or its tool path if possible, to avoid such engagements The milled cut length is influenced by the position of the cutter ... shortest possible time The material removal rate being limited by the ‘available’ spindle power, although this condition can be optimised by ‘radial chip-thinning’19 The chip thickness is based upon ... effect of reducing any back-cutting milling by the cutting inserts, Reduction in cutting forces – though: feedrate reductions, lighter DOC’s/cut widths, or by increasing the cutting speed, Modifications...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 21:20

... ECM-to -cell and cell- to -cell adhesion 1.9 Organization and Signaling of Eukaryotic Cell 11 • Signals sent from one cell to another that allow the sender to regulate gene expression and other cellular ... Transcription 6.19 Signaling Proteins Move by Diffusion Two-Component Signaling Systems 7.1 Prokaryotic Signaling Pathways 7.2 Catalytic Action by Histidine Kinases ... by cells The ECM provides structural support for cells forming organs and tissues in multicellular eukaryotes In plants, the ECM is referred to as the cell wall and serves a protective role Cells...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 10:20

... tissues involved Thus, final response is mediated by coordinated spinal activity in the autonomic pathways to the penis, and also in the somatic pathways to the perineal striated muscles Both central ... expressed in penile tissues 22, it is activated by calcium entry into the cell, binding to calmodulin associated with enzymes 23 There are two main intracellular mechanisms for relaxing the cavernosal ... adenylate cyclase/cAMP pathways (Figure 3) NO is associated with GS/cGMP signaling, called NO/cGMP pathway Upon its release, NO diffuses locally into adjacent smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 11:20

... insulin signaling in regulating cell growth, cell proliferation, and organ size Cell 2001, 105:357-368 62 Gao X, Pan D: TSC1 and TSC2 tumor suppressors antagonize insulin signaling in cell growth ... of insulinsignaling mutations only partially; dFOXO mediated a reduction in cell number but not in cell size in response to reduced insulin signaling dFOXO controls the reduction in cell number ... cell size, at least under some conditions, by regulating S6K activity by phosphorylation of dTSC2 [29] The signaling systems controlling cell size and cell number are tightly interconnected Genetic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:20

... discriminates between JNK pathways in planar polarity and wingless signaling Cell 1998, 94:109-118 17 Keller R: Shaping the vertebrate body plan by polarized embryonic cell movements Science 2002, ... ␤-catenin-independent Wnt signaling Dev Cell 2003, 5:367-377 Miller JR, Hocking AM, Brown JD, Moon RT: Mechanism and ␤ function of signal transduction by the Wnt/␤-catenin and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways Oncogene ... Nusse R: The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2004, 20:781-810 Wodarz A, Nusse R: Mechanisms of Wnt signaling in development Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1998,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... ephrinB1 is expressed by both endothelial cells and tumor cells EphA2 is required for VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis [45, 46] Stimulation by EphB4 and reverse signaling through ... surface of the precursor cells, by its ligand, RANKL, which is expressed by bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts [61-65] RANK activity is mediated by a number of signaling molecules, which ... forward signaling inhibits insulin secretion, whereas reverse signaling through ephrinA ligands enhances insulin secretion The extent of forward or reverse signaling is controlled by extracellular...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 17:20

... Morphogenetic pathways modulated by mechanical injury We then performed a differential gene expression analysis by Q-PCR, comparing the injured versus the paired uninjured explants by focusing ... periosteal cells demonstrated by single -cell lineage analysis Arthritis Rheum 2006, 54:1209-1221 14 Alsalameh S, Amin R, Gemba T, Lotz M: Identification of mesenchymal progenitor cells in normal ... tissue formation by human articular cartilage-derived cells in vivo Exp Cell Res 2003, 287:16-27 16 De Bari C, Dell'accio F, Tylzanowski P, Luyten FP: Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... whereas PAR-2 is activated mainly by trypsin but also by mast cell tryptase PARs are expressed by several cell types, including platelets and endothelial and inflammatory cells, and are implicated in ... inflammatory pathways that take place during OA by inducing the synthesis of major catabolic and inflammatory mediators via the p38 and p42/44 signalling pathways Furthermore, PAR-2 upregulation by proinflammatory ... human AT1 receptor expression in lung fibroblasts by cross talk between the Smad, p38 MAPK, JNK, and PI3K signaling pathways Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007, 293:L790-799 27 Mengshol JA,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:22

... of intracellular CML compared with cells receiving Co-BSA (Figure 1b) early apoptotic cells (annexin-V positive and propidiumiodide negative) could not be detected Cell proliferation, cell viability, ... Each measurement was performed in six different FLS cell lines with eight per treatment group Cell cycle analysis and evaluation of cell death For cell cycle analysis FLS were harvested after 4, ... tetrazolium salt (MTT) to coloured formazan by metabolic active cells, which occurs in viable cells only FLS were grown in 96-well microtiter plates with 3000 cells per well in RPMI 1640 containing...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... suggests that Notch signaling guides endothelial cells and associated mural cells through the cell- fate decisions needed to form and maintain the vascular system [16] Although Notch signaling anomalies ... tumor cells) + (2 × percentage of moderately positive tumor cells) + (3 × percentage of intensely positive tumor cells) The histoscore was determined independently by two investigators by microscopic ... factor-B (NF-B), a sequence-specific transcription factor that responds to cellular signaling pathways involved in cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy; notably, aberrant NF-B activation...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:21