cell cycle regulation by feedforward loops coupling transcription and phosphorylation

... completion of the cell division cycle is significantly extended compared with continually fed cells. Thus, starvation not only blocks cell cycle progression, but causes cells to exit the cycle and enter ... switch between increasing cell mass and G1 progression during embryogenesis. Rb negatively regulates both cell cycle progression (by inhibiting E2F) and increases in cell mass (by inhibiting components ... of the regulation of the cell cycle and its relation to cancer, which culminated in the 2001 Nobel Prize being awarded to Leland Hartwell, Tim Hunt, and Paul Nurse. In the investigations of cell cycle...

Ngày tải lên: 07/10/2012, 16:51

... of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We have investigated its effects on cell cycle regulation using a gastric cancer cell line, AGS. The effects of CKBM on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation ... cell line. CKBM is found to inhibit cell proliferation through the induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. To further elucidate the mechanism of CKBM on apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle ... lunasin and lectins in soybean were shown to induce apoptosis in malignant cells [3]. Schisandra chinensis is shown to reduce prostate cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis by inhibiting androgen...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:12

... the cell cycle process affected: initiation and maintenance of meiosis, transcriptional and translational fac- tors, cellular signaling, cytoplasmic and apoptotic factors and prophase I regulation. 2 Cell ... compensated by another kinase, but male and female Cell Cycle Regulation in Mammalian Germ Cells 347 Table 1 (continued) Gene Protein Name Effect on germ cell development Refs. B. Transcriptional and ... pregnancy loss and birth defects, it is critical to dissect out mei- otic cell cycle checkpoints and proper chromosome segregation (Hassold and Hunt 2001). However, understanding cell cycle regulation...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... specific stages of the cell cycle. 4.4 pRb Family Mediated Regulation of E2F by Cellular Localization Another level of control of the E2F transcriptional activity is added by the cel- lular compartmentalization ... instability by uncoupling cell cycle progression from mitotic control. Nature 430:797–802 Herrera RE, Sah VP, Williams BO, Weinberg RA, Jacks T (1996) Altered cell cycle kinetics, gene expression and ... p107 and p130 can to some extent functionally compensate, pRb is the critical regulator of most cell cycle responses. While each single pocket protein can mediate cell cycle arrest upon cell- cell...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... Regulated During the Cell Cycle by a CDE ⁄ CHR Tandem Element and is Downregulated by p53 but not by p63 or p73. Cell Cycle 6, 853–862. 37 Yoshida K (2005) Cell- cycle- dependent regulation of the human and mouse ... p53. Cell cycle arrest can be medi- ated by p53 downregulating the transcription of central cell cycle regulators such as cyclin B, Cks1, Cdc2 and Cdc25C. CDE ⁄ CHR-dependent cell cycle- gene transcription ... encoded by cyclin B1 and cyclin B2 genes is Keywords cell cycle; cell cycle genes homology region (CHR); cell cycle- dependent element (CDE); DREAM complex; E2F Correspondence K. Engeland, Molecular...

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... the cell cycle by affected neurons. However, while such a cell cycle re-entry phenotype is an early and consistent feature of Alzheimer disease, the mechanisms responsible for neuronal cell cycle ... suppression of the cell cycle and cell survival instead of apoptosis and their presence may be a neuroprotective factor to prolong the life of the cell after re-entry into the cell cycle, pro- tecting ... neuronal cells during development, and is present in smaller amounts in fully differentiated cells [13]. BRCA1 is known to regulate transcription, regulate cell cycle progression, and may...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 10:04

... Nature 343:665–669 Modeling Cell Cycle Control and Cancer with pRB Tumor Suppressor 231 cycle, and strongly suggested that deregulation of the mechanisms controlling cell cycle progression could ... mechanisms for controlling cell cycle progression (Morgan 1997; Zachariae and Nasmyth 1999). These studies and others demonstrated the universality of the cell Modeling Cell Cycle Control and Cancer with ... our understanding of the complexity underlying control of the cell cycle. Control of Cdk activity through cyclin binding and degradation, inhibitory and activating Cdk phosphorylations and association...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... one round of cell division, every cell in metazoans has to decide whether it will re-enter the cell cycle, exit the cell cycle and en- ter a quiescence state, and every quiescent cell has to similarly ... re-enter the cycle. All these crucial decisions are made by a set of information processors (cell cycle machinery) that integrate extracellular and intracellular signals to coordinate cell cycle events. In ... paradigms to cancer and cancer therapy are discussed. 2 History of the Cell Cycle model 2.1 The Concept of Mammalian Cell Cycle Regulation The textbook cell cycle model (Morgan 1997; Sherr and Roberts...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... mouse cells. p19 ARF is predominantly upregulated during senescence by oncogene activation and/ or oxidative stress Senescence and Cell Cycle Control 263 induction by controlling p16 INK4a (and ... RA (1995) The role of Rb in cell cycle control. Prog Cell Cycle Res 1:9–19 Senescence and Cell Cycle Control 259 eliminates telomere-mediated signaling, allowing cells to undergo transform- ation ... significantly than in mouse cells. 5 Mouse Cells vs. Human Cells: Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Telomere Attrition Oxidative stress triggered by ROS plays a major role in cellular senescence, as...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... requirements for protein synthesis and degra- dation, and the control of destruction of cyclins A and B in the meiotic and mitotic cell cycles of the clam embryo. J Cell Biol 116:707–724 HwangLH,LauLF,SmithDL,MistrotCA,HardwickKG,HwangES,AmonA,MurrayAW (1998) ... S.I. Reed loops that control the cell cycle. The purpose of this review is to provide a current view the role of ubiquitylation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and proteasomes in cell cycle control ... of the cell cycle and APC Cdh1 , which targets proteins that need to be restricted from G1 but need to accu- mulate subsequent to G1. This cycle is enforced by direct targeting of Skp2 by APC Cdh1 during...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... stable throughout the cell cycle and highly resistant to proteolytic degradation [40]. Miscellaneous procedures Yeast were grown on standard media [41] and transformed as described by Gietz et al. ... a (encoded by CKA1) and a¢ (encoded by CKA2), and two regulatory b subunits, b and b¢ in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CKB1 and CKB2). The enzyme occurs in all possible combinations of a and b subunits ... first attempts to identify interaction partners and found that the activity and cellular concentration of Rio1p are regulated by phosphorylation through CK2 in a cell- cycle- dependent fashion. Results Rio1p...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20