... completion of the cell division cycle is significantly extended
compared with continually fed cells. Thus, starvation not only blocks cell
cycle progression, but causes cells to exit the cycleand enter ... switch between increasing cell mass and G1 progression
during embryogenesis. Rb negatively regulates both cellcycle progression (by inhibiting
E2F) and increases in cell mass (by inhibiting components ... of
the regulation of the cellcycleand its relation to cancer, which culminated
in the 2001 Nobel Prize being awarded to Leland Hartwell, Tim Hunt, and
Paul Nurse. In the investigations of cell cycle...
... of cellcycle arrest and apoptosis. We have investigated its effects on
cell cycleregulation using a gastric cancer cell line, AGS. The effects of CKBM
on cell proliferation, cellcycleregulation ... cell line. CKBM is found to inhibit
cell proliferation through the induction of apoptosis and G2/M cellcycle arrest. To further elucidate the mechanism of CKBM on
apoptosis and G2/M cellcycle ...
lunasin and lectins in soybean were shown to induce apoptosis in malignant cells [3]. Schisandra chinensis is shown to reduce
prostate cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis by inhibiting androgen...
... the cellcycle process affected:
initiation and maintenance of meiosis, transcriptional and translational fac-
tors, cellular signaling, cytoplasmic and apoptotic factors and prophase I
regulation.
2
Cell ... compensated by another kinase, but male and female
Cell CycleRegulation in Mammalian Germ Cells 347
Table 1 (continued)
Gene Protein Name Effect on germ cell development Refs.
B. Transcriptional and ... pregnancy loss and birth defects, it is critical to dissect out mei-
otic cellcycle checkpoints and proper chromosome segregation (Hassold and
Hunt 2001). However, understanding cellcycle regulation...
... specific stages of the cell cycle.
4.4
pRb Family Mediated Regulation of E2F by Cellular Localization
Another level of control of the E2F transcriptional activity is added by the cel-
lular compartmentalization ... instability by uncoupling cellcycle progression from mitotic control.
Nature 430:797–802
Herrera RE, Sah VP, Williams BO, Weinberg RA, Jacks T (1996) Altered cellcycle kinetics,
gene expression and ... p107 and p130 can
to some extent functionally compensate, pRb is the critical regulator of most
cell cycle responses. While each single pocket protein can mediate cell cycle
arrest upon cell- cell...
... Regulated
During the CellCycleby a CDE ⁄ CHR Tandem
Element and is Downregulated by p53 but not by p63
or p73. CellCycle 6, 853–862.
37 Yoshida K (2005) Cell- cycle- dependent regulation of
the human and mouse ... p53. Cellcycle arrest can be medi-
ated by p53 downregulating the transcription of central cellcycle regulators such as cyclin B, Cks1, Cdc2 and Cdc25C.
CDE ⁄ CHR-dependent cell cycle- gene transcription ... encoded by cyclin B1 and cyclin B2 genes is
Keywords
cell cycle; cellcycle genes homology region
(CHR); cell cycle- dependent element (CDE);
DREAM complex; E2F
Correspondence
K. Engeland, Molecular...
... the cellcycleby affected neurons. However, while such a cellcycle re-entry phenotype is
an early and consistent feature of Alzheimer disease, the mechanisms responsible for neuronal cellcycle ... suppression of the cell
cycle andcell survival instead of apoptosis and their
presence may be a neuroprotective factor to prolong
the life of the cell after re-entry into the cell cycle, pro-
tecting ... neuronal cells
during development, and is present in smaller
amounts in fully differentiated cells [13]. BRCA1 is
known to regulate transcription, regulate cellcycle
progression, and may...
... Nature 343:665–669
Modeling CellCycle Control and Cancer with pRB Tumor Suppressor 231
cycle, and strongly suggested that deregulation of the mechanisms controlling
cell cycle progression could ... mechanisms
for controlling cellcycle progression (Morgan 1997; Zachariae and Nasmyth
1999). These studies and others demonstrated the universality of the cell
Modeling CellCycle Control and Cancer with ... our understanding of the complexity
underlying control of the cell cycle. Control of Cdk activity through cyclin
binding and degradation, inhibitory and activating Cdk phosphorylations
and association...
... one round of cell division, every cell in metazoans has
to decide whether it will re-enter the cell cycle, exit the cellcycleand en-
ter a quiescence state, and every quiescent cell has to similarly ... re-enter the cycle. All
these crucial decisions are made by a set of information processors (cell cycle
machinery) that integrate extracellular and intracellular signals to coordinate
cell cycle events.
In ... paradigms to cancer and cancer therapy
are discussed.
2
History of the CellCycle model
2.1
The Concept of Mammalian CellCycle Regulation
The textbook cellcycle model (Morgan 1997; Sherr and Roberts...
... mouse cells. p19
ARF
is
predominantly upregulated during senescence by oncogene activation and/ or oxidative
stress
Senescence andCellCycle Control 263
induction by controlling p16
INK4a
(and ... RA (1995) The role of Rb in cellcycle control. Prog Cell Cycle
Res 1:9–19
Senescence andCellCycle Control 259
eliminates telomere-mediated signaling, allowing cells to undergo transform-
ation ... significantly
than in mouse cells.
5
Mouse Cells vs. Human Cells:
Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Telomere Attrition
Oxidative stress triggered by ROS plays a major role in cellular senescence,
as...
... requirements for protein synthesis and degra-
dation, and the control of destruction of cyclins A and B in the meiotic and mitotic
cell cycles of the clam embryo. J Cell Biol 116:707–724
HwangLH,LauLF,SmithDL,MistrotCA,HardwickKG,HwangES,AmonA,MurrayAW
(1998) ... S.I. Reed
loops that control the cell cycle. The purpose of this review is to provide
a current view the role of ubiquitylation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and
proteasomes in cellcycle control ... of the cellcycleand APC
Cdh1
,
which targets proteins that need to be restricted from G1 but need to accu-
mulate subsequent to G1. This cycle is enforced by direct targeting of Skp2
by APC
Cdh1
during...
... stable throughout the cellcycle and
highly resistant to proteolytic degradation [40].
Miscellaneous procedures
Yeast were grown on standard media [41] and transformed
as described by Gietz et al. ... a
(encoded by CKA1) and a¢ (encoded by CKA2), and
two regulatory b subunits, b and b¢ in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae (CKB1 and CKB2). The enzyme occurs in all
possible combinations of a and b subunits ... first
attempts to identify interaction partners and found
that the activity and cellular concentration of Rio1p
are regulated byphosphorylation through CK2 in a
cell- cycle- dependent fashion.
Results
Rio1p...
... complex cell- and stimulus-dependent
regulation consistent with the d iversity of extracellular
stimuli that activate these pathways [20]. Both p38 and
JNK can be activated in vitro and in vivo by ... of the Rho GTPase family
regulate the JNK and p38 MAP kinases. The role of these
signaling molecules is prominent in the regulation of cell
cycleandcell differentiation particularly in stress-related
pathologies ... stress fibers in SMCs and their modulation
by toxin B and latrunculin B. Cells were first
stimulated with e ither S1P, anisomycin or FBS
for 30 min and then fixed, permeabilized and
stained for F-actin...