... lower panels show the binding isotherm andthe best-fit curve according to the three sequential binding sites model BIAcore analysis ofthe GS–TnrA interaction The results ofthe immunoprecipitation ... specific for TnrA The GlnK–TnrA complex appeared to be quite stable, as revealed by the very slow dissociation ofthe complex following the injection phase (Fig 2A) In the course ofthe measurements, ... PII trimer The upper panel shows the raw data in the form ofthe heat effect during the titration of 25 lM GlnK solution (trimer concentration) with ATP (titration from 2.1 to 73.5 lM) The lower...
... (C) The overall structure ofthe Bg7S protomer is shown by a ribbon representation The structure ofthe A molecule is shown as an example The N-terminus and C-terminus are labeled The a-chain and ... symmetry (Fig 1A) The N-terminal moieties ofthe b-chains ofthe C and D molecules protrude into the AB dimer (Fig 1A), whereas the corresponding regions ofthe A and B molecules are disordered We have ... aculeatus [19] We further investigated the activity ofthe GH11 xylanase ANXY in the presence of Bg7S (Fig 4C) As expected, Bg7S did not affect the activity of ANXY Even in the presence of leginsulin,...
... within the middle segment ofthe a-, b- and c-chains Hence, no further classification ofthe sponge protein to any ofthe three vertebrate chains can be made In the sponge sequence, besides the first ... performed The results revealed that the expression level ofthe glucanbinding protein at the beginning ofthe experiments is low However, after only day of incubation in the presence of 10 lgÆmL)1 ... the origin of most secondary metabolites identified in sponges is not clear The understanding ofthe pathways which result in the synthesis of these compounds in sponges is crucial for their sustainable...
... Mobilities ofthe 95 and 62 kDa MNSFb adducts andthe molecular mass standards (kDa) are indicated to the right and left ofthe figure, respectively trypsin Selected peptides from the 62 kDa band were ... products of endophilin II and MNSFb The fourth column indicates the numbers ofthe first and last amino acid ofthe indicated endophilin II and MNSFb peptides, whereas the fifth shows the corresponding ... between the C-terminal glycine of MNSFb andthe lysine of endophilin II The 62 kDa MNSFb adduct was digested by trypsin and subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis The data in the first column are the...
... (L5) and L6 (21) The catheter was chronically implanted andthe external portion ofthe catheter was protected according to Milligan’s method (22) Intrathecal delivery of siRNA Rats were randomly ... (29) One ofthe potential advantages of RNAi technologies is the ability to design precisely targeted therapeutics for almost any gene, regardless ofthe function ofthe gene product, whether that ... confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels TNF-α and IL-1β were up-regulated in the dorsal spinal cord tissues of CCI rats, and there were no significant differences in TNF-α and IL-1β between the http://www.medsci.org...
... structures, where the aliphatic portion ofthe side chain fits into the hydrophobic alcove and allows the charged head group access to the solvent on the other side The extended side chain of Arg206 allows ... carbonyl and amide backbone groups The one exception to this is the location ofthe amide group of Lys204 at P3, where there is a break in the main-chain density at the 2.8r map level The corresponding ... primarily occurs by the formation of a hydrogen bond between the side-chain hydroxyl group of Tyr205 andthe importin-a main chain at the C-terminus ofthe ARM1 H3 helix The hydrogen bond is...
... on the roles of ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF in obesity and related metabolic diseases, and discuss whether these ANGPTLs could be targets for the prevention and treatment of these conditions Suppression ... significant decreases in the expression of PPARd and PGC-1a in skeletal muscle in ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF null mice, and increases in the expression of PPARa, PPARd and PGC-1a in skeletal muscle of ANGPTL6 ⁄ AGF ... regulates energy expenditure, which is mediated by PPARa, PPARd, PPARc and their coactivators, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c (PPARc) coactivator (PGC)-1a and PGC-1b, in response to energy...
... TRAP1-siRNA or control vector by the addition of adenovirus to the cell culture at a multiplicity of infection of 10 After days of infection, the cells were serum starved for 12 h and then treated ... identified by the yeast twohybrid system as a novel protein that interacted with the intercellular domain ofthe type tumour necrosis factor receptor [17] On the basis ofthe sequence ofthe homologue, ... 10 lL of CCK- 8 solution and 100 lL of DMEM ⁄ F12 medium were added to each well, andthe cells were incubated at 37 °C in the dark for h in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions The value...
... or other antibacterial molecules [6] The LPS-binding activity of LF may account for the other properties of this protein in the modulation ofthe inflammatory process [3] The stimulation of mammalian ... after days of culture were used as macrophages The protocol of animal preparations for the experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of our institute Preparation ofthe nuclear and cytoplasmic ... for the indicated periods of time, and nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods The IKK activities in the cytoplasmic extracts were determined The...
... independently used as the source of new SNBP models The higher DNAbinding affinity ofthe SNBPs ofthe P and PL types would explain why they are often found in organisms at the tips ofthe phylogenetic ... described [74] The position ofthe replication-independent somatic H1 histones is indicated in the right margin ofthe tree andthe group including the protamine-like proteins andthe germinal ... identity ofthe members ofthe histone H1 family appears to be given by the specific sequence of their characteristic winged helix domain (Fig 2), most of their tissue specificity resides in the intrinsically...
... pairs of hydrogen bonds are formed in the active site of hTRXL-N (Fig 4), accounting for the compactness and stability ofthe active site The H-bond length between the carbonyl oxygen of Cys34 and ... wrapped around the protrusion ofthe reactive Cys32 in a crescent-shaped groove However, the orientation ofthe Ref1 peptide is opposite to that ofthe target peptide from NFjB The ability of hTRX to ... case of TRX Furthermore, the loss of intermolecular disulfide-bonds andthe disbandment ofthe hydrophobic patch may also obstruct the dimer formation (Fig 6) The1 4 residues in the dimer interface...
... isolation and sequencing ofthe fulllength TgDRE cDNA The comparison of cDNA and genomic DNA nucleotide sequences allowed the determination ofthe exact position ofthe two introns which were 780- and ... none were found in all ofthe sequences ofthe SF45 family The SF45, G-patch and RRM motifs are shown boxed The total lengths ofthe proteins are indicated at the end of each sequence ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... to the DNA repair enzyme (DRT111) of Arabidopsis thaliana [9,10] Here, we report on the isolation ofthe gene locus, full-length cDNA andthe functional analysis ofthe corresponding protein of...
... asthma and atopic dermatitis [14–17] In the present study, we further determined the role of MCP-4 ⁄ CCL13 in RA pathogenesis We investigated the role of several stimuli on the expression of MCP-4 ... one ofthe key molecules in the pathogenesis of RA, we studied the association ofthe MCP-4 ⁄ CCL13 gene with RA susceptibility We selected two SNPs in MCP-4 ⁄ CCL13 (T887C and rs159313), for the ... cent of them were rheumatoid factor positive They were mostly females (82.6%), andthe mean age ofthe patients was 57.6 years (range: 19–85 years) Four hundred and fifty-five population-based control...
... domain of TSG101 [14] The crystal 3D structures ofthe N-terminal domain (designated Bro1 domain) of yeast Bro1 [15] and that of human Alix [16] have revealed folded cores of 360 residues The ... Strep–BroxWT and Strep–BroxC408S and with the comparable N-terminal regions containing the Bro1 domain of Alix (Strep– Alix1)423) and HD-PTP (Strep–HD-PTP1)431) (Fig 2A) On the other hand, FLAG–RabGAPLP ... palmitoylation of Cys immediately upstream (2–6 residues) of farnesylated Cys of H-Ras, N-Ras and K-Ras4A, and a stretch of basic residues upstream ofthe farnesylated Cys186 of K-Ras4B [34–36]...
... The first 17 residues of 4E-BP1 contain the RAIP motif To assess whether removal ofthe RAIP motif accounts for the reduced binding of raptor to the 18– 117 fragment, we compared the binding of ... that the loss of raptor binding on removal ofthe first 17 residues may be accounted for simply by the loss ofthe RAIP motif We therefore also tested the binding of raptor to full-length 4E-BP1 and ... define the RAIP motif [25] The use ofthe rat protein also has the advantage that there is no cross-reactivity ofthe (P)Ser64 antibody with other sites, which is a complicating feature ofthe human...
... present in the other members ofthe APP superfamily, such as the absence ofthe exon encoding the KPI domain andthe lack of a second heparin-binding domain [3,4,13,26] Comparative analysis ofthe Xenopus ... to the generation of APLP1 and preAPP/APLP2 lineages (rather than to the APP and preAPLP separation as found by our analysis), andthe second duplication event would have caused the splitting of ... the Swiss-Prot database Accession numbers were: human APP (HsAPP), P05067; murine APP (MmAPP), P12023; chicken APP (GgAPP), Q9DJG7; Xenopus laevis APP gene A (XlAPPA), Q98SG0 and gene B (XlAPPB),...
... types of mice, with LPS, and compared the Nox1 mRNA expression using RT-PCR The effects of LPS were strong in the BMDM of C3H ⁄ HeN, but relatively weak in the BMDM of C3H ⁄ HeJ (Fig 1C) The data ... responses andthe development of atherosclerosis [17] Therefore, the regulation of Nox1 mRNA expression may be a potential therapeutic target for FEBS Journal 277 (2010) 2830–2837 ª 2010 The Authors ... macrophages, and that the ROS produced are part of an important process controlling foam cell formation [24] Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3)b andthe b-catenin pathway are crucial regulators in the balance...
... osteopontin To test this hypothesis and to determine whether osteopontin and OP-L protein have retained the same function in the course of evolution, the gene and peptide structures of both proteins were ... observed in their amino acid content in acidic clussequences andthe proposed affiliation of these ters The gene expression pattern further supports the sequences with mammalian osteopontin The in ... SSH (a, b and c in Fig 1A) and used in a combination of RACE and standard PCR amplifications to amplify overlapping fragments (d, e and f in Fig 1A) A 2138-bp sequence corresponding to the full-length...
... with respect to the plane ofthe section The short dimension fits with the measurement ofthe en face view ofthe hexagonal structures In some rare cases, peroxisomes with areas of distinct electron ... HEX1-expressing strains for the appearance of Woronin-body-like structures Furthermore, we determined whether the formation of Woronin bodies from peroxisomes shares components ofthe peroxisomal fission ... analyzed by immunoblotting for the presence of HEX1, the peroxisomal marker proteins Pex13p and Cta1p The detection of HEX1 and Cta1p in the pellet fraction indicated that the vps1Ddnm1D mutant remained...
... EC0 and ECU represent the amount of acyl-enzyme complex formed in the absence and presence ofthe unlabeled antibiotic, respectively, and CU and CL are the concentrations ofthe unlabeled and ... between the infected female and male, with the vagina having a pH range of 4.27.5 andthe male urethra having a pH of 6.28.4 The pH dependence of NG PBP (pKa values of 6.9 and 10.1) therefore ... obtained, in these cases due to the lack of apparent substrate saturation Since the possibility of substrate inhibition also exists for the other two substrates, Ac2-KAA and Ac2-KA-D-Lac, the values...