... oxides. Electrochem Solid- State Lett 1998, 1:255. 21. Sharma N, Shaju KM, Rao GVS, Chowdari BVR, Dong ZL, White TJ: Carbon- coated nanophase CaMoO4 as anode material for Li ion batteries. Chem ... different carbons. Solid State Ionics 1997, 98:145. 3. Poizot P, Laruelle S, Grugeon S, Dupont L, Tarascon JM: Nano-sized transition-metal oxides as negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. ... Fully formattedPDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon.Electrochemical performance of NixCo1-xMoO4 (0 [less than or equal to] x [lessthan or equal to] 1) nanowire anodes for...
... the different forms of carbon are characterised by high activation energies so that metastable forms of carbon can persist for long periods under conditions where another form of carbon is thermodynamically ... example, cokes, graphites, carbon and graphite fibers, carbon fiber - carbon matrix composites, adsorbent carbons and monoliths, glassy carbons, carbon blacks, carbon films and diamond llke ... (P,T) region for the catalysed transformation of graphite to diamond. This is not a solid- solid transformation since the graphite is dissolved in the catalyst and the solute carbon atoms...
... dnving forces for forming graphite and diamond from the vapour phase are similar. Also, the work on amorphous carbon films shows that the proportions of sp2 and sp3 bonded carbon in films formed ... crystalline forms of carbon: diamond, graphite, Fullerenes and carbynes; (ii) amorphous carbon films and diamond films; (iii) carbon nanoparticles, including carbon nanotubes; (iv) engineering carbons ... study of the behavior of various carbons as anodes in Li-ion batteries is reported. Carbons used in commercial Li-ion batteries are briefly reviewed. The role of carbon materials in nuclear...
... solid- solute -solid transformations as in the catalysed transformation of graphite to diamond at 'A' in Fig. 5; c) solid- liquid -solid transformations; these occur when solidcarbon ... line for the solid phase; some examples are described by Bundy et aZ[62]; d) solid- gas -solid transformations in which the product form of carbon is produced by condensation of gaseous carbon ... in Carbon Materials P Brian Me E naney 1 Introduction 1 2 Crystalline Forms of Carbon 3 3 The Phase and Transition Diagram forCarbon 12 4 CarbonFilms 14 5 Carbon...
... commutatorand it is of a very different form from Newton’s equation of motion for x or vx, whichinvolves the force. On the other hand, Heisenberg’s equation is of the form ofHamilton’s equation of ... formulation complement each other and both arewidely used.Although a great deal more can be said about the basic postulates and the for- malisms of quantum mech anics, the foundations for form ... condition are extremely usefultools for arriving at the expansion of state functions in different bases such as the form(2.28) and (2.29)or(2.28a)and(2.29a). For example, applying the unit operators(2.41)...
... applications [15–17]. For the gas-sensing materials,there are various approaches using CNTs as the solution such asCNTs for dispersion, CNTs for composite, CNTs for filling, CNTs for coating, etc ... inmole for ethanol-sensing properties. At appropriate annealingconditions, it has shown the formation of the solid solution fromtwo components by the XRD pattern. All the film surfaces wereuniform ... proposed by Wei et al. [27] seems to bereasonable for the explanation. This model was applied for SWCNTs-doped SnO2and somehow we can apply for our case.The model has been hypothesized that...
... ions for the modification. (c) Sensitivity for 0 s and 35 s.476 C T. Hu et al. / Diamond & Related Materials 18 (2009) 472–477 Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition carbon nanotubes for ... amorphous carbon layers deposited on the surface, connectingwith each other, which probably result from incomplete carbon atomicpiling. When CNTs were treated for 5 and 20 s, the amorphous carbon domains ... 2008Keywords: Carbon nanotubesEthanolConductanceGas sensorAdsorptionSurface modification Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been fabricated by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for detecting...
... mesoporous carbons (OMCs), carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanohorns (CNHs), carbon nanocoils (CNCs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs).These new carbon materials can be prepared in form ... producedfrom ordered mesoporouscarbons, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes, carbonnanohorns, carbon nanocoilsand carbon nanofibers. The challenge is to develop carbon supports with high surface ... performedto confirm the good long-term performance of the CNTs as asupport for fuel cell catalysts.3.3. Carbon nanohorns and nanocoils Carbon nanohorns and carbon nanocoils, as well as carbon nanotubes,...
... 33] . x Contents4.3.2 Active Carbons and Chemically Activated Carbons 3034.3.3 Amorphous Carbon 3044.4 Highly Ordered Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, and Carbon Nanohorns 3054.4.1 Fullerenes ... stationary storage of nuclear energy in the form of solid hydride it was too heavy for storage of hydrogen for transportation energy. Anyway, the needs for cars pro-pelled by hydrogen fuel were ... itself solidly in place in early years of the new Millennium. 1.2.10 Historical Development of Nanocarbons and Carbon Nanotubes Concurrent stream of the development of nanomaterials for solid- state...
... heat transfer during solid- state fermentation inpacked bed bioreactors, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 60 (6) (1998) 739–749.[22] P. Lüth, U. Eiben, Solid- state fermenter and method for solid- statefermentation, ... device, Biochemical Engineering Journal 13 (2003) 113–125Bioreactor designs forsolid state fermentationA. Durand∗Platform for Development in Biotechnology, UMR-INRA 1082 (IBQ), 17 Rue Sully, Dijon ... Communicating channels can deliver fluids for ster-ilising (with steam or ethylene oxide for example), for ad-justing the moisture and oxygen content and for extractingthe compound of interest...
... can be used as a promisinghigh-performance electrode for Li-ion batteries. IntroductionCobalt oxide (CoOx) is a high-capacity electrode mate-rial for Li-ion batteries with a theoretical capacity ... 148:A576.25. Yang SB, Song HH, Chen XH: Electrochemical performance of expandedmesocarbon microbeads as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem Commun 2006, 8:137.doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-292Cite ... Rctand Cctvalues for the CuNFs@CoOxwere much smal-ler than those for CoOxTF. A considerable change inthe sum of RSEIand Rctfrom 344 Ω was observed for CoOxTF to 96 Ω for CuNFs@CoOx,...
... using porous carbon materials (such as activated carbon) as electrode, and the electrical charge is electro-statically accumulated at the electrode /electrolyte interface[30–42]. Carbon aerogel ... aerogel (CA) or other types of carbon materials such as carbon black or carbon cloth are widelyused in these supercapacitors. Generally, high surface areain carbon materials is characteristic ... unfavorable for the electrolyte wetting and rapid ionic motions, especiallyat high current loads. The combination of high surface area carbon aerogel with large specific capacity of oxide orpolymer...
... chemosensors. For a few practical applicationsthe attachment of the fluorescent units to a solid supporthas advantages like the possibility of recovering thematerials for their repetitive use. For this ... sensors [12]. For other sensingmaterials [26, 27], the fluorescence enhancement selectiv-ity is not only for Zn(II) but also for Cd(II), which mayreduce selectivity when they are used just for Zn(II)detection. ... enhancement for Zn(II)versus just minimal fluorescence enhancement for Cd(II)and Ni(II). From these results, it is evident that MWNTs-GNQ have a high selectivity to Zn(II).As for selectivity...