calculating solar elevation and azimuth

... M.C. and Rabl, A. (1979) The average distribution of solar radiation – correl- ations between diffuse and hemispherical and between daily and hourly insolation values. Solar Energy 22, 155. 58 SOLAR ... 1 1.1 Solar day 2 1.2 Equation of time 5 1.3 Apparent solar time 10 1.4 Solar declination 10 1.5 Solar geometry, SOLALT and SOLAZM 12 1.6 Astronomical sunrise and sunset 17 1.7 Actual sunrise and ... 0.240 0.580 Kew, England 0.150 0.680 Rothamsted, England 0.160 0.600 Bracknell, England 0.150 0.700 Cambridge, England 0.170 0.680 Garston, England 0.140 0.680 London, England 0.130 0.650 Malange,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 14:21

... fibroblasts is specifically mediated by the prostaglandin E 2 receptor EP2 through cAMP elevation and protein kinase A Elena Sokolova 1 , Roland Hartig 2 and Georg Reiser 1 1 Institut fu ă r Neurobiochemie, ... ATCC and 1321N1 cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 lgặmL )1 penicillin and streptomycin and kept at 37 C in a humidified atmo- sphere of 5% (A549 cells) and ... and cAMP-elevating agents, we show here that prostaglandin (PG)E 2 , via the prostanoid receptor EP2 and subsequent cAMP elevation, downregulates mRNA and protein levels of PAR-1 in human lung fibroblasts....

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 40 1 ln( ) oc CB k dV dT q ≅− (11) One of the main differences in the technology fabrication between concentrator solar cells and standard solar ... spectrum of the white LED and the illuminance spectrum of the sun after passing through glass and plastic, in the visible range. They were Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications ... between the two lighting types (solar light and LED); light colour and uniformity. Lighting hue and colour balance have been examined in Sect. 5.5, where photometric and colorimetric measurements...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 11:20

... that the solar energy conversion efficiency is strongly correlated to the Mulliken charge of the carbon Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 324 Mubiru and Banda (2008) ... 2008 Hybrid solar wind system Bala and Siddique Dufo-Lopez and Bernal-Agustin 2009 2005 PV-diesel hybrid system Lin and Phillips 2008 Solar cell Varun 2010 Flat plate solar air heater ... capacity and operational strategy of a solar- diesel mini-grid of an isolated island-Sandwip in Bangladesh using genetic algorithms. This study reveals that the major share of the costs is for solar...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 12:20

... harness and use the sun’s energy as heat, are called solar thermal systems. These include solar water heaters, solar air heaters, and solar stills for distilling water, crop driers, solar space ... mirror solar concentrator, (e) Fresnel lens, (f) Hemispherical bowl. (Adopted from Garg and Kandpal, 1999). Some Techniques in Configurational Geometry as Applied to Solar Collectors and Concentrators ... on simultaneously to heat the rings and thus, the water. Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 362 The instantaneous efficiency of a solar concentrator may be calculated...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 12:20

... classical fuels. Solar collectors have been conceived and realized and several thermal solar installations for producing hot air and water have been devised and applied in industry. Solar energy ... kg/h and for densities of the solar flux of 500 600 W/m 2 , the raise of the water temperature may reach up to 30 o C and the efficiency 1 2 3 4 5 Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications ... absorber Incomin g ra y Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 400 7. Solar heater for bitumen melting 7.1 Experimental installation The extension of the applications field of solar energy...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 12:20

... analyse the adequacy between models and measurements and thus go further in the knowledge about building physics. Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 422 Fig. 12. Procedure ... real building and its thermal response. Four other cells (ISOTEST cells) are installed on the platform, reduced size and dedicated to the Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications ... proportion and the overall collector efficiency are related to the latent heat and heat capacity in saturation liquid states as discussed in Section 5.3. Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 12:20

... 50978241 and 50708105] and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [Project Number: 2007AA05Z444]. Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications ... Selection for Low Temperature Solar Thermal Power Generation with Two-stage Collectors and Heat Storage Units 443 [21] Ritter Solar product CPC 16w OEM, http://www.rittersolar.de [22] NAU FLATLINE ... 0.147 respectively. Although R113 and pentane have the best ORC performance the highest collector efficiency is obtained on the use of R245fa and butane. And the heat collection efficiency...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 12:20

... Selection for Low Temperature Solar Thermal Power Generation with Two-stage Collectors and Heat Storage Units 443 [21] Ritter Solar product CPC 16w OEM, http://www.rittersolar.de [22] NAU FLATLINE ... Generator h Conduction oil i Inlet o Outlet Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 442 8. References [1] Prabhu E. Solar trough ORC. Subcontract report NREL/SR-550-39433 ... low-temperature solar Rankine cycle system utilizing R245fa. Solar Energy 84 (2010) 353–364 [11] S. Canada, G. Cohen, R. Cable, D. Brosseau, H. Price, Parabolic trough organic Rankine cycle solar power...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... of the Sun, is determined by the Sun radius and the Sun-Earth distance. Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 28 of the shelves and consequent new arrangement of the exhibit ... between the two lighting types (solar light and LED); light colour and uniformity. Lighting hue and colour balance have been examined in Sect. 5.5, where photometric and colorimetric measurements ... concentrator. In general, for low and medium concentration level, up to about Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 32 evolution of the shapes for solar light concentrators. For...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Advances in Solar Energy: An Annual Review of Research and Development, Vol. 13, Energy, American Solar Energy Association, Boulder, Colorado. Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications ... Lessons Learned 75 safety and security, demand guarantees and warranties, conduct follow-up and evaluate results and think sustainability. When developing solar projects in Latin America, ... end-users (men and women) and equipment suppliers. ã Consider safety and security: Design with safety in mind, meet all applicable codes and standards. Be vigilant as to potential theft, vandalism,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... options of solar roof (Los Angeles, 1988) Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 86 for both optimizing the power-train design and defining the most suitable control and energy-management ... www.backwoodssolar.com). After 2008, the prices began to fall down again, both in USA and in Europe (Fig. 1). 2.2 Solar energy for cars: pros and cons The potential advantages of solar energy ... Battery, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles as Resources for Distributed Electric Power Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 108 Fig. 8. shows a photo and a secondary electron...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... profiles from semi-analytical and numerical solutions with height of solar thermosyphon for (a) outer wall; (b) inner wall; and (c) air Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 126 ... Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 136 not only by scientists but world population at large, the need for global energy and its production demands new approaches and ... Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 120 weight and good insulator for heat; (iv) temperature variation only along y-ordinate, being taken as lumped in x and z-coordinates;...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 152 concept of a solar power satellite system with square miles of solar collectors in high geosynchronous orbit is to collect and ... 2010). Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 156 Fig. 22. Evolutionary path to full Space Solar Power (Komerath, 2007). power grids in an age when land rights and environmental ... means less solar radiation intensity compared to geosynchronous orbits, MEO and LEO Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 166 Boechler, N., Hameer, S., Wanis, S. and Komerath,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... better evaluation. Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 174 rr rr ri ri − = − N , (4) Where r i and r r are the directions of the incident and the reflected rays ... 10. Example of adjusting d and Δ so that MPP is between d-Δ and d+Δ Fig. 11. Example where Δ is progressively reduced Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications 180 ... realized a software application for the modeling and simulation of cells and solar panel. Fig. 15. presents the interface for application settings, and Fig. 16. presents an example of characteristics...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20