c programming tutorial pdf free download

... blocks of the C programming language, let us look a bare minimum C program structure so that we can take it as a reference in upcoming chapters. C Hello World Example A C program basically consists ... fraction */ Character constants Character literals are enclosed in single quotes e.g., 'x' and can be stored in a simple variable of char type. A character literal can be a plain character ... pointer from functions 87 C Strings 90 C Structures 93 Defining a Structure 93 Accessing Structure Members 94 Structures as Function Arguments 95 Pointers to Structures 96 C Unions 99 Defining...

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2014, 08:20

... the OdbcDataAdapter with its associated OdbcCommand and OdbcConnection objects. For Oracle databases, use the OracleDataAdapter with its associated OracleCommand and OracleConnection objects. ... Provider Database Transaction Command ExecuteReader Parameters ExecuteNonQuery ExecuteScalar DataSet DataRelationCollection ConstraintCollection DataTable DataRowCollection DataColumnCollection Your A pplication Figure 3.2 Another architecture of ADO.NET 2.0. c0 3.indd ... instance or an object based on this class. Depending on your applications, you can create a global connection instance for your entire project or you can create some local connection objects...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 08:20

... based on the real location in which you save your database. D. The Connection object accConnection is initialized with the connection string and a con- nection is executed by calling the Open() ... catch block should be used for this connection operation to catch up any possible exception. Here we skip it since we try to make this connection coding simple. E. The facultyCommand object ... console window. A complete C# Console project named QueryRefl ectionLINQ can be found in the folder DBProjects\Chapter 4 located at the accompanying ftp site (see Chapter 1 ). c0 4.indd 17 5c0 4.indd...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 08:20

... generic cc compiler or the Free Software Foundation’s gcc compiler. For MS-DOS/Windows users, instructions are included for Borland C+ +, Turbo C+ +, and Microsoft Visual C+ +. (These compilers compile ... and continue. The switch statement is discussed in detail. Chapter 9, Variable Scope and Functions, introduces local variables, functions, and parameters. Chapter 10, C Preprocessor, describes ... 19. Other changes/additions to the book include: ã Additional instructions for more compilers including a generic UNIX compiler, the Free Software Foundations gcc compilers, Borland C+ +, Turbo C+ +,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 20:20

... work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial- No Derivative Works 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ... include the name and contact information for the translator. The C source code presented in this document is hereby granted to the public domain, and is completely free of any license restriction. Educators ... the memory is cleared to zero when using calloc()) The pointer returned by calloc() can be used with realloc() and free( ) just as if you had used malloc(). The drawback to using calloc() is that...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 08:20

... possible to call components from C# applications into COM and to call components from COM into C# . Chapter 22 describes how this is done. Programming C# p age 23 This chapter discusses the ... read class metadata using CLR types that support reflection. Programming C# p age 3 Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 introduce Structs and Interfaces, respectively, both close cousins to classes. ... for collections. Chapter 9, explores the collection classes provided by the Base Class Library and how to create your own collection types as well. Chapter 10 discusses how you can use C# to...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... thường, c c đối tượng c thể đư c truy xuất bằng một trong 2 c ch: tr c tiếp bằng đại diện ho c gián tiếp bằng con trỏ. C c biến con trỏ đư c định nghĩa trỏ tới c c đối tượng c một kiểu dữ liệu c ... lệnh c a thuật toán sắp xếp, thì bạn hãy để cho caller cung c p c ch hàm sắp xếp c a riêng nó. Bằng c ch làm này, bạn tránh đư c hard-coded, t c là tính tái sử dụng không cao, hàm Ascending chỉ ... giá trị c a pInt là 1776 (địa chỉ c a biến var). Vì con trỏ c ng là biến cho nên nó c ng phải c địa chỉ trong bộ nhớ, c n số byte c n thiết cho con trỏ c thể là 2 ho c 4 byte phụ thu c hệ...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 08:20

... 68 ■ CHAPTER 4 INPUT AND OUTPUT WITH STREAMS // Enters a character and outputs its // octal, decimal, and hexadecimal code. #include <iostream> // Declaration of cin, cout #include <iomanip> ... endl; char ch; string prompt = "\nPlease enter a character followed by " " <return>: "; cout << prompt; cin >> ch; // Read a character number = ch; cout << ... fill character used Sets the fill character to ch int width() const; int width(int n); int fill() const; int fill(int ch); Manipulator Effects Sets the minimum field width to n Sets the fill character...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... objects you will need to define classes that describe these objects. You can use available classes and functions to do so. In addi- tion, you can make use of inheritance to create specialized classes ... when a function is called: ■ check the number and type of the arguments ■ correctly process the return value of the function. A function declaration can be omitted only if the function is defined ... 172 ■ CHAPTER 10 FUNCTIONS C+ + program Core elements of C+ + (built-in types, operators, control structures) Functions and classes of the standard library Self-defined functions and classes...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... is changed in the function, but the string in the calling function remains unchanged. Exercise 2 // // circle.cpp // Defines and calls the function circle(). // #include <iostream> #include ... function strToUpper() is declared as a string& instead of a string? Exercise 2 Write a void type function called circle()to calculate the circumference and area of a circle.The radius and two ... POINTERS ■ SOLUTIONS Exercise 1 The call to function strToUpper() is left unchanged. But instead of passing by reference, a passing by value occurs, i.e., the function manipulates a local copy. Thus, only a local copy...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... account.h // Defining the class Account. // #ifndef _ACCOUNT_ // Avoid multiple inclusions. #define _ACCOUNT_ #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Account { private: ... example includes a class named Account used to represent a bank account. The data members, such as the name of the account holder, the account num- ber, and the account balance, are declared as ... which cannot be accessed externally ■ public members, which are available for external access. The public members form the so-called public interface of the class. The opposite page shows a schematic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... uses the function getAccount() to read the data for a new account. When called, the address of the account is passed: getAccount(ptr) // or: getAccount(&current1) The function can then use ... Account: Example: Account current; // or: class Account Memory is now allocated for the data members of the current object. The current object itself contains the members name, nr, and balance. ᮀ ... ok pAccount->init( name, nr, startcapital); return true; } ■ POINTERS TO OBJECTS Sample program 252 ■ CHAPTER 13 DEFINING CLASSES // account_t.cpp // Uses objects of class Account. // #include...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... to access the private data members of the class can dramatically improve the function’s response. ᮀ Declaring Friend Functions A class can grant any function a special permit for direct access ... numerical array class. If you need to call the access methods of the class each time, and if these methods perform range checking, the function runtime will increase considerably. How- ever, special permission ... int B::elFunc( const A& objRef); }; Here the global function globFunc() and the method elFunc() of class B are declared as friend functions of class A. This allows them direct access to the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... INHERITANCE ■ CONCEPT OF INHERITANCE Is relation Car Properties and capacities of class Car Properties and capacities of class Car Properties and capacities of class Car Additional properties and capacities ... and capacities of class PassCar Additional properties and capacities of class Truck PassCar Truck 499 Inheritance This chapter describes how derived classes can be constructed from existing classes ... ACCESS Accessing members of base class Car 502 ■ CHAPTER 23 INHERITANCE B Base class B C D B is a direct base class B is an indirect base class class C : public B { private: // Declaration of additional...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

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