c programming tutorial pdf by balaguruswamy

... blocks of the C programming language, let us look a bare minimum C program structure so that we can take it as a reference in upcoming chapters. C Hello World Example A C program basically consists ... fraction */ Character constants Character literals are enclosed in single quotes e.g., 'x' and can be stored in a simple variable of char type. A character literal can be a plain character ... character (e.g., 'x'), an escape sequence (e.g., '\t'), or a universal character (e.g., '\u0 2C0 '). There are certain characters in C when they are proceeded by a...

Ngày tải lên: 11/03/2014, 08:20

... Course table since one faculty can teach multiple courses. Open the Course table by clicking it from the left panel. Click on the Constraints tab and then click the Create button. Enter COURSE_FACULTY_FK ... the OdbcDataAdapter with its associated OdbcCommand and OdbcConnection objects. For Oracle databases, use the OracleDataAdapter with its associated OracleCommand and OracleConnection objects. ... instance or an object based on this class. Depending on your applications, you can create a global connection instance for your entire project or you can create some local connection objects...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 08:20

... based on the real location in which you save your database. D. The Connection object accConnection is initialized with the connection string and a con- nection is executed by calling the Open() ... catch block should be used for this connection operation to catch up any possible exception. Here we skip it since we try to make this connection coding simple. E. The facultyCommand object ... console window. A complete C# Console project named QueryRefl ectionLINQ can be found in the folder DBProjects\Chapter 4 located at the accompanying ftp site (see Chapter 1 ). c0 4.indd 17 5c0 4.indd...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 08:20

... generic cc compiler or the Free Software Foundation’s gcc compiler. For MS-DOS/Windows users, instructions are included for Borland C+ +, Turbo C+ +, and Microsoft Visual C+ +. (These compilers compile ... and continue. The switch statement is discussed in detail. Chapter 9, Variable Scope and Functions, introduces local variables, functions, and parameters. Chapter 10, C Preprocessor, describes ... how horrified I was when I came into the Computer Science office and was accosted by the Chief Secretary. This lady had so much power that she could make the Dean cringe. She looked at me and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 20:20

... work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial- No Derivative Works 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses /by- nc-nd/3.0/ ... translator. The C source code presented in this document is hereby granted to the public domain, and is completely free of any license restriction. Educators are freely encouraged to recommend or supply copies ... data back; people call it passing by reference. But no fancy-schmancy name will distract you from the fact that EVERYTHING you pass to a function WITHOUT EXCEPTION is copied onto the stack and...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 08:20

... for collections. Chapter 9, explores the collection classes provided by the Base Class Library and how to create your own collection types as well. Chapter 10 discusses how you can use C# to ... to read class metadata using CLR types that support reflection. Programming C# p age 3 Chapter 7 and Chapter 8 introduce Structs and Interfaces, respectively, both close cousins to classes. ... interface, a C# class in effect promises to provide the functionality the interface specifies. C# also provides support for structs, a concept whose meaning has changed significantly from C+ +....

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... cell- division, whereby the germ-cells or gametes[5] are made, is called gameto-genesis. Somewhere in its course there occurs the capital fact discovered by Mendel and called by him segregation. A cell divides ... especially in attending carefully, in the case of each individual, to the indications furnished by that characteristic physiological function, interference with which necessarily imperils womanhood. ... of accounts, the testing of drains, and the principles of child psychology, but it has not been thought suitable to discuss with her the care of a baby. How could any nice-minded teacher care...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 12:20

... giá trị c a pInt là 1776 (địa chỉ c a biến var). Vì con trỏ c ng là biến cho nên nó c ng phải c địa chỉ trong bộ nhớ, c n số byte c n thiết cho con trỏ c thể là 2 ho c 4 byte phụ thu c hệ ... thường, c c đối tượng c thể đư c truy xuất bằng một trong 2 c ch: tr c tiếp bằng đại diện ho c gián tiếp bằng con trỏ. C c biến con trỏ đư c định nghĩa trỏ tới c c đối tượng c một kiểu dữ liệu c ... thái c a kiểu quy ư c gọi: void __cdecl DoIt(float a, char b, char c) ; //Borland and Microsoft void DoIt(float a, char b, char c) __attribute__((cdecl)); //GNU GCC 4. Gán một hàm (địa chỉ hàm)...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 08:20

... ffffffff 68 ■ CHAPTER 4 INPUT AND OUTPUT WITH STREAMS // Enters a character and outputs its // octal, decimal, and hexadecimal code. #include <iostream> // Declaration of cin, cout #include <iomanip> ... endl; char ch; string prompt = "\nPlease enter a character followed by " " <return>: "; cout << prompt; cin >> ch; // Read a character number = ch; cout << ... fill character used Sets the fill character to ch int width() const; int width(int n); int fill() const; int fill(int ch); Manipulator Effects Sets the minimum field width to n Sets the fill character...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... objects you will need to define classes that describe these objects. You can use available classes and functions to do so. In addi- tion, you can make use of inheritance to create specialized classes ... and declaration list are not followed by a semicolon but by a function code block. The prototype is the declaration of the function and thus describes only the formal interface of that function. ... when a function is called: ■ check the number and type of the arguments ■ correctly process the return value of the function. A function declaration can be omitted only if the function is defined...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... is changed in the function, but the string in the calling function remains unchanged. Exercise 2 // // circle.cpp // Defines and calls the function circle(). // #include <iostream> #include ... POINTERS ■ SOLUTIONS Exercise 1 The call to function strToUpper() is left unchanged. But instead of passing by reference, a passing by value occurs, i.e., the function manipulates a local copy. Thus, only a local copy of ... function strToUpper() is declared as a string& instead of a string? Exercise 2 Write a void type function called circle()to calculate the circumference and area of a circle.The radius and two...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... account.h // Defining the class Account. // #ifndef _ACCOUNT_ // Avoid multiple inclusions. #define _ACCOUNT_ #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; class Account { private: ... example includes a class named Account used to represent a bank account. The data members, such as the name of the account holder, the account num- ber, and the account balance, are declared as ... applica- tion program accesses objects by using the public methods of the class and thus activat- ing its capacities. Access to object data is rarely direct, that is, object data is normally declared as pri- vate...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... uses the function getAccount() to read the data for a new account. When called, the address of the account is passed: getAccount(ptr) // or: getAccount(&current1) The function can then use ... Account: Example: Account current; // or: class Account Memory is now allocated for the data members of the current object. The current object itself contains the members name, nr, and balance. ᮀ ... ok pAccount->init( name, nr, startcapital); return true; } ■ POINTERS TO OBJECTS Sample program 252 ■ CHAPTER 13 DEFINING CLASSES // account_t.cpp // Uses objects of class Account. // #include...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... statistic(); // Can access the private // members of measure[i]. }; ■ FRIEND CLASSES Class Result Class ControlPoint FRIEND FUNCTIONS ■ 423 ᮀ The Friend Concept If functions or individual classes ... function’s response. ᮀ Declaring Friend Functions A class can grant any function a special permit for direct access to its private members. This is achieved by declaring the function as a friend. The ... perform range checking, the function runtime will increase considerably. How- ever, special permission to access the private data members of the class can dramatically improve the function’s response. ᮀ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 09:45

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 09:20