c programming language book by brian w kernighan pdf

... THE C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE "'YC{9// 6W ( BWf ) Library of Congress Calaloging in Publicolion Dato KERNICHAN, BRIAN W The C programming language lncludes index l C (Computer program language) ... from the considerablr older, but still quite vital, language BCPL, developed by Martin Richards The influence of BCPL on C proceeded indirectly through the language B which was written by Ken Thompson ... identiJier I struct-decl-list union I I identiJier struct-decl-list: struct-declaration struc t- dec larat i on struc t- dec l- I i st struct-declaration: type- spec struc ifier struct-dec larator-

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2019, 14:27

... isalpha (c) isupper (c) or islower (c) is true iscntrl (c) control character isdigit (c) decimal digit isgraph (c) printing character except space islower (c) lower-case letter isprint (c) printing character ... string cs to string ct; return ct char *strchr(cs ,c) return pointer to first occurrence of c in cs or NULL if not present char *strrchr(cs ,c) return pointer to last occurrence of c in cs or NULL ... compare the first n characters of cs with ct; return as with strcmp void *memcpy(s,ct,n) void *memchr(cs ,c, n) void *memset(s ,c, n) return pointer to first occurrence of character c in cs, or NULL if

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2019, 14:34

... in g&, c on st c r*); St ri ng op er at or co ns t St ri ng co ns t ch ar To save space, I have left the I/O and concatenation operations as exercises The main program simply exercises the S tr ... rc mp x.r ep s, y.r ep s) 0; }; S tr in g o pe to r+ (c on st S tr in g&, c on st S tr in g&); St ri ng op er at or co ns t St ri ng co ns t St ri ng S tr in g o pe to r+ (c on st S tr in g&, c ... Section 11.12 A String Class 297 f ri en d b oo l o pe to r!= (c on st S tr in g& x c on st S tr in g& y fr ie nd bo ol op er at or co ns t St ri ng x, co ns t St ri ng y) { r et ur n s tr cm

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... because of the call of e q() in the loop that looks through elements with the eq same hash value This loop is crucial to the performance of the lookup, and for common and obvious key types such ... and C- style strings, the overhead of an extra comparison could be sigst ri ng nificant I could have used a s et En tr y> to represent the set of values that have the same hash value se t cl as ... // grow r et ur n o pe to r[](k ; re tu rn op er at or k) // rehash } v pu sh _b ac k(E nt ry k,d ef au lt _v al ue b[i v.p us h_ ba ck En tr y(k de fa ul t_ va lu e,b i])); b i] = &v ba ck ;

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... printed, what characters are lo ca le considered letters, etc It encapsulates many cultural differences Locales are implicitly used by the I/O system and are only briefly described here §21.8 C I/O: ... alternative I/O facilities and to extend the standard I/O facilities to cope with special applications C+ + was designed to enable a user to define new types that are as efficient and convenient to ... Output: What the application programmer thinks of as output is really the conversion of objects of types, such as i nt c r*, and E mp lo ye e_ re co rd into sequences of characin t, ch ar Em

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... of l L character-literal: ? ?c- char-sequence’ L? ?c- char-sequence’ c- char-sequence: c- char c- char-sequence c- char c- char: any member of the source character set except the single-quote, backslash, ... that wear down, and doesn’t have crevices in which water can collect and cause rust Software can be replicated exactly and transported over long distances at minute costs Software is not hardware ... backslash, or new-line character escape-sequence universal-character-name escape-sequence: simple-escape-sequence octal-escape-sequence hexadecimal-escape-sequence simple-escape-sequence: one of \’

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... international@pearsontechgroup.com Visit Addison-Wesley on the Web: www.awprofessional.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hejlsberg, Anders. The C# programming language / Anders ... 471 20 Generics 473 20.1 Generic Class Declarations 473 20.2 Generic Struct Declarations 484 20.3 Generic Interface Declarations 484 20.4 Generic Delegate Declarations 486 20.5 Constructed Types ... San Francisco • New York • Toronto • Montreal London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City The C# Programming Language Anders Hejlsberg Scott Wiltamuth

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... component; and they incorporate their own documentation. C# provides language constructs to directly support these concepts, making C# a very natural language in which to create and use software ... Unlike instance methods, which reference a particular object instance using the keyword this , static methods operate without reference to a particular object. By convention, a static method ... .cs . Assuming that the “Hello, World” program is stored in the file hello.cs , the program can be compiled with the Microsoft C# compiler using the command line csc hello.cs which

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... 1);// Exception } unchecked { Console.WriteLine(i + 1);// Overflow } } lock statement class Account { decimal balance; public void Withdraw(decimal amount) { lock (this) { if (amount > balance) ... dynamically created instances of the class, also known as objects. Classes support inheritance and polymorphism, mechanisms whereby derived classes can extend and specialize base classes. New classes ... Console.WriteLine(Divide(x, y)); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } } checked and unchecked statements static void Main() { int i = int.MaxValue; checked { Console.WriteLine(i

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... public static readonly Color White = new Color(255, 255, 255); public static readonly Color Red = new Color(255, 0, 0); public static readonly Color Green = new Color(0, 255, 0); public static readonly ... speci? ?c instance and can only access static members. A method declared without a static modifier is an instance method. An instance method operates on a speci? ?c instance and can access both static ... separate copy of the r, g, and b instance fields, but there is only one copy of the Black, White, Red, Green, and Blue static fields: public class Color { public static readonly Color Black = new Color(0,

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... defaultCapacity = 4; Constant object[] items; int count; Fields public List(): this(defaultCapacity) {} public List(int capacity) { items = new object[capacity]; } Constructors public int Count ... automatically during garbage collection. The garbage collector is allowed wide latitude in deciding when to collect objects and run destructors. Specifically, the timing of destructor invocations ... 1.6 Classes and Objects 29 1. Introduction 1.6.6 Other Function Members Members that contain executable code are collectively known as the function members of a class. The preceding section describes

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... reference was defined by the first edition of The C Programming Language by Kernighan and Ritchie in 1978 This version is now called “classic C? ?? or “K&R C? ??, and has significant differences to ISO C The ... ready-to-use source code in C [Rit93] D.M Ritchie The development of the C language In ACM History of Programming Languages, 1993 http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/chist .pdf This article documents ... Index 146 v Chapter Introduction This textbook was written with two primary objectives The first is to introduce the C programming language C is a practical and still-current software tool; it

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2017, 17:10

... SECOND EDITION THE lNG GUAGE BRIAN W KERNIGHAN DENNIS M RITCHIE PRENTICE HALL SOFTWARE SERIES THE c PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Second Edition THE c PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE Second Edition Brian W Kernighan ... functions 174, 245 wchar _ t type name 193 while statement 10, 60, 224 while vs for 14, 60 white space 191 white space characters 157, 166, 245, 249 white space count program 22, 59 wide character ... text, which is in machine-readable form As we said in the preface to the first edition, C "wears well as one' s experience with it grows " With a decade more experience , we still feel that way We

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2020, 21:51

... ++nc; presents a new operator, ++, which means increment by one. You could instead write nc = nc + 1 but ++nc is more concise and often more efficient. There is a corresponding operator to decrement by 1. ... statement without braces, as in while (i < j) i = 2 * i; In either case, we will always indent the statements controlled by the while by one tab stop (which we have shown as four spaces) so ... PM] Chapter 1 - A Tutorial Introduction main() { int c; while ( (c = getchar()) != EOF) putchar (c) ; } The while gets a character, assigns it to c, and then tests whether the character was...

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2012, 17:10

... function is called with char and float . Finally, explicit type conversions can be forced (``coerced'') in any expression, with a unary operator called a cast . In the construction ... int c; while ( (c = getchar()) != EOF) putchar (c) ; } The while gets a character, assigns it to c , and then tests whether the character was the end- of-file signal. If it was not, ... another way to write a multi- way branch that is particulary suitable when the condition is whether some integer or character expression matches one of a set of constants. For contrast, we will...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 17:15

... Service responds, letting us know of any issues or if the account creation was successful. For any issues, we need to notify the user. If the account creation was successful, we let the user know that ... Foundation (WCF) and Microsoft’s cloud computing initiative, Azure. Coverage includes ã Accessing RESTful services from desktop applications, using Windows Forms and WPF ã Supporting Web client operations ... on the Windows Communica- tion Foundation team at Microsoft. His books include Creating and Consuming Web Services in Visual Basic (Addison- Wesley) and SOAP: Cross Platform Web Service Development...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 06:20