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... Problem solving Project Parameters Project Parameters Quality Standards Time Schedule Cost Budget People Management Most successful actors in Project Management are PEOPLE rather than technical ... Simulation – Planning a project Ground Rules A ctive participation B e punctual C ooperative D on’t spread out E ncourage positive thinking F eel free to share experience Activity Feedback  Share ... resources and requirements essential in executing project successfully Program Objectives Learn tools and techniques in planning, tracking and managing project activities Establish controls and measures...

Ngày tải lên: 18/11/2016, 12:27

... exceeds expectations." Fast track - (Noun) accelerated career track or accelerated approval process "You've just gone on the fast track." "This management training program is designed for those ... four cohorts." Cold beverages - (Slang) Literally, means any chilled beverage, but normally implies beer "He and his friends had a few too many cold beverages to drink (they drank too much alcohol)." ... Core corporate value - A core belief or concept that the corporation believes holds equal weight with profit seeking "Good corporate citizenship is a core corporate value for us." Corporate America...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2012, 10:33

... controversial severance-pay contract for top managers is based on the desirability of reducing management opposition to takeover bids that benefit shareholders Top corporate managers are commonly granted ... Competition and Firm Strategy parachutes should not be so lucrative that they make an executive indifferent about keeping his or her job and losing it.28 Like all arrangements, golden parachutes can be ... proposition that golden parachutes promote the interests of shareholders According to one study of corporations that adopted golden parachutes, corporate stock increases an average of about percent...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... 14.2 Long-Run Marginal and Average Costs in a Natural Monopoly In a natural monopoly, long-run marginal cost and average costs decline continuously, over the relevant range of production, because ... park within several counties, rather than as a large electric company While such producers are technically natural monopolies, they must fear the entry of competition enough to restrain their monopolistic ... multi-product nature of modern businesses A Graphic Analysis of Natural Monopoly To expand on our earlier discussion of the behavior of natural monopolies, we can use graphs to examine the arguments for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 20:15

... alternative arrangements for telephone services will restrain the local monopoly’s ability to raise prices In sum, the telephone industry is now in a period of transition characterized by rapid changes ... generally prevails—American industry Airline (1978), trucking (1980), and railroad (1980) rates and routes have been deregulated The price of natural gas was decontrolled in 1986, and the elaborate ... regulation appears to be a rather clumsy way of administering national tax policy—one that raises serious questions of equity in the distribution of the tax burden In general, transfers through “regulatory...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 20:15

... and Demand for Francs If the rate of inflation is higher in the United States than in France, the demand for francs will rise from D1 to D , while the supply of francs will contract from S to ... exchange rate, perhaps a fraction of a cent less than the current rate of $.10 = F1 In long-term deals, however, traders inevitably risk losing money because of changes in exchange rates 27 Chapter ... exchange rate will rise with it to bring the quantity supplied into line with the quantity demanded A change in the rate of inflation can have a similar effect on the exchange rate If the inflation rates...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 18:15

... of rating the bonds of corporations Corporations that want to issue bonds pay firms such as Standard and Poors, Moody’s, Duff and Phelps, and Fitch to evaluate the safety of those bonds and rate ... conform to acceptable accounting practices and accurately convey relevant financial information The managers of the corporations who pay for an audit have objectives (rapid promotions, nicer perks, ... increasing the supply of extras into the range where the extras themselves are worth less to the guests than they are paying because of the screening benefit provided by the extra charge Chapter 14...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 18:15

... wage rate, in a particular labor market To hire the same quantity of labor—to keep mousetrap makers from going over to the toy industry—the employer must increase the wage rate The same general ... the money wage rate—the number of dollars earned per hour—may not fall Instead, the general price level may increase while the money wage rate remains constant But the real wage rate—that is, ... at less than $20 an hour To attract other workers, people who value their time spent elsewhere at more than $20 an hour, employers will have to raise the wage rate, perhaps to $22 an hour To...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 18:15

... make the trades, hold on to the rations, and assume the risk that the price of rations might not rise Soon the troops began to use cigarettes as money, quoting prices in packs or fractions of ... packs or fractions of packs (Only the less desirable brands of cigarette were used this way; the better brands were smoked.) Because cigarettes were generally acceptable, the soldier who wanted soap ... Instead of tracking the price of a particular good in a particular market, macroeconomics monitors the general price level or average of all pric es Instead of focusing on the wage rate and the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... to enter a restaurant without shoes On the other hand, the restaurant owner’s best friend may have that right By the same token, although undergraduate students generally pay a fraction of their ... the fruits The trades are comparable to those that took place in the prisoner-of-war camps as described by R.A Radford (See the first few pages of this text.) If the social contract allocates ... them as being “natural,” a part of our birthright The Declaration of Independence speaks of “certain unalienable rights.” Indeed, it is hard to imagine a world in which people interact within a defined...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... an annual draft Once one team has drafted a player, no other team in the league can negotiate with him (unless he remains unsigned until the next year’s draft) Teams can buy and sell draft rights ... up trash), they will perform them with greater regularity.5 Even pigeons, well known for having the lowest form of birdbrains, respond to incentives Granted, pigeons may never be able to grasp ... Edward E Lawler, III, Strategic Pay: Aligning Organizational Strategies and Pay Systems (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1990), p 58 Frederick W Taylor, “A Piece Rate System,” American...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... production standards for the same rate of pay The workers’ expectation can be that the rate of pay will be raised How? Suppose that the worker responds to the rate of $5 per piece by actually ... increase the rate to, say, $6.50 per piece, leaving the 16 See Benjamin Klein, Robert Crawford, and Armen Alchian, “Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive Contracting Process,” ... Otherwise, piece-rate pay can have the exact opposite effect of the one intended Two-Part Pay There are innumerable ways of paying people to encourage performance The two-part pay contract salary...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 01:15

... rate was a miserable 40 percent, a fact that outraged humanitarians then, as it would now! But despite the moral outrage at the time, the survival rate of the prisoners didn’t budge until the incentive ... “good” but “poor” graduate students can afford to follow their degree programs at the university The university also argues that if it were to raise the rents, the quality of the graduate students ... of the graduate students the university could attract would fall unless graduate student assistantship and fellowship payments were raised Naturally, the incentives in the subsidized rents lead...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... combination of miracles; a tree, zinc, copper, graphite, and so on But to these miracles that manifest themselves in Nature an even more extraordinary miracle has been added: the configuration of creative ... in the trade as “the plug,” the part man uses to erase the errors he makes with me An ingredient called “factice” is what does the erasing It is a rubberlike product made by reacting grape seed ... eye—there’s some wood, lacquer, the printed labeling, graphite lead, a bit of metal, and an eraser Innumerable Antecedents Just as you cannot trace your family tree back very far, so is it impossible...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... groping process of give and take, they move from relative ignorance about others’ wants and needs to a reasonably accurate understanding of Israel Kirzner, Competition and Entrepreneurship (Chicago: ... leaving the market This kind of market is well suited to graphic analysis Our discussion will concentrate on how buyers and sellers interact to determine the price of tomatoes, a product Mr Lieberman ... the price of oranges to fall in the future, then (depending on exactly when they expect the price decrease) they may reduce their current demand for grapefruit, so they can buy more oranges in the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... the following: the lower down the corporate pyramid, the more tenuous or limited the connection between compensation and overall firm performance The Levi Strauss incentive proposal may sound like ... through grants of stock options When he was appointed CEO of Ingram Micro, Inc., a California-based computer distributor, in 1996, Jerre Stead took a wage of zero in spite of the fact that Ingram ... straight salary component (which can reduce the risk cost felt by the worker by more than his or her pay is cut) can encourage employers to ensure that there is work for employees The piece-rate...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... to Graef Crystal, a prominent critic of corporate pay, boards of directors not only raised their CEO pay by an average of 21 percent in 1995 (several times the rate of inflation), but they raised ... because his or her actions will radiate down the corporate hierarchy through more people.61 On the other hand, the rise in pay may reflect an intentional policy to encourage lower workers to work ... generated by the competition among all those who seek promotion Why is it that pay rises so fast as people are promoted through the ranks? Again, there is, no doubt, some correlation between rank...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... system, however, the democratic system has some drawbacks as well In particular, democracy is less than efficient as a producer of some goods and services The fact that the democratic form of government ... demonstrate that, in some instances, the democratic process can be less than cost efficient Political Ignorance In some ways, the lack of an informed citizenry is the most severe problem in a democratic ... two-party democratic system, elected officials typically take middle-of-the road positions Winning candidates tend to represent the moderate views of many voters who are neither liberals nor conservatives...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 00:15

... Similarly, if the profitability of producing oranges increases relative to grapefruit, grapefruit producers will shift their resources to oranges The supply of oranges will increase, shifting the supply ... reputation and recognition of brand names In most industries, competition is through a wide range of product features, such as quality or appearance, design, and durability In general, competitors can ... television stations permitted in a given geographical area was strictly regulated by the Federal Communications Commission Not surprisingly, stations carried programs that appealed predominantly to a...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15

... salaries more in the range of $50,000 to $70,000, something close to whatever is the going market wage for their graduate school cohorts Our students are generally startled by our brazen suggestion ... “market wage rate,” then that wage rate could be replaced elsewhere if they were ever fired for misbehaving on the job At any one time, most workers were new at their job Shirking was rampant Ford ... Why does pay escalate with rank within organizations? There are myriad reasons, several of which will be covered later We suggest here that as managers move up the corporate ladder, they typically...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 10:15