bma s handbook of ethics and law

... Research Flanders and a professor of Ethics at the Department of Philosophy and Moral Science at Gent University She teaches courses in ethics, medical ethics, bioethics and environmental ethics ... patentatibility instead of giving a response to bioethical concerns To this end, she discusses the role of patent of ces and courts in the United States and Europe in the first two sections and considers their ... knowledge and directed towards issues in the criticism and reform of actual laws and legal systems The series will include studies of all the main areas of law, presented in a manner which relates to...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... for a minimum set of standards that should apply to all tests Medical device regulations can ensure truthful promotion, and codes of practice can address aspects of DTC services not covered by ... care infrastructure that can address access and delivery issues of genomic medicine; training healthcare workers; and engaging with the public to improve awareness and participation.” Issues that ... including genetic tests Regulation of this process could take various forms: statutory legislation, codes of practice, formal guide­ lines or professional governance However, the level of evidence required...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:20

... s 04 s 05 s 10 s s 10 s 100 s ms n log2 n 03 s 09 s 15 s 21 s 28 s 66 s 9.96 s 130 s 1.66 ms 19.92 ms n2 s s s 1.6 s 2.5 s 10 s ms 100 ms 10 s 16.67 m n3 s s 27 s 64 s ... diagrams and TPR trees for indexing moving points Dr Mehta is currently an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I Sartaj Sahni Sartaj Sahni is a Distinguished Professor ... an unsuccessful search, the number of comparisons is n For successful searches the best comparison count is 1, and the worst is n For the average count assume that all array elements are distinct...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 09:45

... RMS* Values and Scale Dependence A rough surface is often assumed to be a statistically stationary random process (Papoulis, 1965) This means that the measured roughness sample is a true statistical ... roughness over all length scales The concept of roughness and smoothness, as discussed in Section 4.2.1, becomes quite ambiguous under these conditions Should a surface with a higher G, and thus more ... be used to study the statistical properties of rough surfaces This is due to its simplicity of use and the roughness information it reveals at different length scales 4.3.3.3 Roughness Measurements...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... Typical rms Roughness and Coefficients of Microscale and Macroscale Friction Values of Various Samples Sample Si(100) SiO2/Si C18 single-grafted/SiO2/Si C18 double-grafted/SiO2/Si Au/Si ODT/Au/Si ZnA/ODT/Au/Si ... gets worn and the silicon underneath is exposed In the case of the Z-Dol-coated silicon sample, the friction force starts out to be low and remains low during the 100-cycles test It suggests that ... velocities results in lower values of the coefficient of friction To study lubricant depletion during microscale measurements, Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b) conducted nanowear studies using Si3N4 tips...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... forces in roughness measurements for improved lateral resolution and to measure roughness of soft surfaces without small-scale plowing For roughness and friction measurements, the samples are ... of length of scales of roughness that are superimposed on each other Surface roughness is most commonly characterized by the standard deviation of surface heights, which is the square roots of ... the size of asperities This is valid since the typical radius of curvature of the tips is about 30 nm The radius of curvature of the asperities of the samples measured here (the asperities that...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... devices Potential applications of MEMS devices include silicon-based acceleration sensors for anti-skid braking systems and four-wheel drives, silicon-based pressure sensors for monitoring pressure ... process and is routinely used to fabricate microstructures such as acceleration and pressure sensors and magnetic head sliders Surface micromachining is based on depositing and etching structural ... solar cells SiC has also been used in microstructures such as speaker diaphragms and X-ray masks For a summary of SiC devices and applications, see Harris (1995) Table 16.1 compares selected bulk...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 12:15

... priori; and its synthesis of intuitions, conforming as it does to the categories, must be the transcendental synthesis of imagination This synthesis is an action of the understanding on the sensibility; ... Hegel s Idealism: The Satisfactions of Self-Consciousness, where he develops a conception of Hegel s view of agency that also draws on Sellarsian notions (which form the core of Brandom s later ... in Hegel s diagnosis, modern post-Cartesian skepticism arises out of taking that “whole” and treating its constituents only as parts, as (in Hegel s sense) independent, “finite” pieces of knowledge...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... materials systems, and the plots of Figures 5.9 and 5.10 show how even completely elastic systems give rise to adhesion hysteresis and therefore energy dissipation This may be a useful way of understanding ... cantilever is assumed to act as a spring, with an effective mass of m* Its position is represented by d, its damping by βc , and its spring constant by kc The distance [z – d] represents the separation ... corrugation, and that most surfaces exhibit roughnesses well in excess of atomic dimensions, increasing the normal load causes more asperities to touch, which as a consequence augments the real area of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/11/2013, 03:15

... clouds of atoms This equation is essentially the osmotic or entropic pressure of a gas of confined molecules As one surface moves across the other, as local regions become compressed and decompressed ... ratio of the collision time between masses and to the harmonic oscillating frequency of masses and (C) The energy transferred from mass to the rest of the system (masses and 3) is plotted as a ... oscillatory solvation forces The simplest systems so far investigated have involved measurements of these forces between molecularly smooth surfaces in organic liquids Subsequent measurements of oscillatory...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... Business Skills Do 's and Don'ts for More Professional Speaking and Writing Tips and tricks gleaned from UGA s Foundations of Leadership and Management Program Business Skills Quiz Sixty-seven ... percent of first impressions are true > true > false A firm handshake is only offered to a businessman, not a business woman > true > false How long should a business sentence and business paragraph ... outline, using the fewest words possible Notes in paragraph forms It is not necessary to prepare notes prior to speaking Business Skills Quiz What does a speaker with his/her hands for the most energy...

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2013, 23:15

... practical issues such as the prediction of seasons, tides, or possible floods By contrast, the interest in tribology is purlye practical: to move mechanical pieces past each other as easily as possible ... measurements The surface roughness of these films was measured by STM, X-ray reflectivity, and liquid nitrogen adsorbtion measurements Since the estimated sliding distance of the films on the substrate ... modulus of elasticity and ν Poisson s ratio In the case of SFM and SFFM, the sample is assumed flat and the tip of radius Rtip, and correspondingly R* = Rtip Due to the elastic deformation, distant...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

... the shallowness of the indent impressions, SEM results in poor contrast A method consists of making two-stage carbon replicas of indentations in a soft material and imaging them in the transmission ... increase in stiffness is sensed, and when the stiffness increases by a factor of 4, the approach phase of the indentation process is complete The computer now discards all but the last 50 sets of load–displacement ... Materials Load–Displacement Curves • Continuous Stiffness Measurements • Hardness and Elastic Modulus Measurements 10.5 10.6 Microscratch Resistance Measurement of Bulk Materials Using Micro/Nanoscratch...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

... trains and automobiles, bolts, and nuts Examples of unproductive friction and wear are internal combustion and aircraft engines, gears, cams, bearings, and seals According to some estimates, losses ... normal spring constant by measuring resonant frequencies of the beams For normal spring constant measurement, we used a stainless steel spring sheet of known stiffness (width = 1.35 mm, thickness ... is less than that of bulk Si3N4 (310 GPa) Furthermore, the thickness of the beam is nonuniform and difficult to measure precisely Because the stiffness of a beam goes as the cube of thickness,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 04:20

... available and the sensors (tips) in use To utilize a microscope to its fullest, it is necessary to know how it works and where its strong points and its weaknesses are This chapter describes the instrumentation ... diameter of the laser beam As was discussed in the section on scanning systems, there are powerful long-range scanners available nowadays using piezostacks and solid-state joints These scanners can ... preferred to scan the sample instead of the sensor Figure 2.23 shows an example of such a microscope It consists of two parts, the base and force sensor head The base houses the scanning piezo,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20

... Alloys,” Phys Rev B 48, 18284–18287 Hantsche, H (1989), “Comparison of Basic Principles of the Surface-Specific Analytical Methods: AES/SAM, ESCA(XPS), SIMS, and ISS with X-ray Microanalysis, and Some ... vibrations He also looks at such issues as the energy to create and move defects in the sliding process and examines the velocity dependence of kinetic friction based on the possible processes present, ... resolution The surface sensitivity of XPS is similar to AES because the energies of the emitted electrons are similar Figure 3.23 shows some examples of oxygen and sulfur peak shifts resulting from...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20

... 7.12 shows the plot of hardness and Young s modulus of elasticity as a function of residual depth Note that hardness increases with a decrease in the residual depth Similar results on single-crystal ... phase Table 7.1 summarizes the hardness and Young s modulus of eleasticity data at various depths for singlecrystal silicon (Bhushan et al., 1996) Comparison of nanohardness values with that of ... Press LLC 7.6 Closure AFM with suitable diamond tips has been used successfully to measure microscratching/microwear and nano/picoindentation behavior of solid surfaces and thin films AFM has also...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20

... can result in meaningless results Because of this danger, a thorough understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of MD simulations is crucial to both successfully implementing this method and ... way, and is providing unique new insights into recent observations made by instruments such as the SFA Section 11.5 discusses simulations of the tribological properties of solid surfaces Some of ... the systems discussed are sliding diamond interfaces, Langmuir–Blodgett films, self-assembled monolayers, and metals The details of several unique mechanisms of energy dissipation are discussed,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20

... etching and a sputtering deposition are used for making a transverse bias scheme for suppression of Barkhausen noise This process decreases redeposition of etched materials and makes a desired ... HF signal is compared simultaneously with a specified missing pulse and/ or superpulse threshold A missing pulse is defined as any peak that does not reach the specified missing pulse threshold A superpulse ... signals The output signal deforms and has jumps This irregular response is called “Barkhausen noise.” To suppress Barkhausen noise, an MR sensor should be a single-domain state The single-domain state...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20

... microdynamic systems These systems are based upon the science, technology, and design of moving micromechanical devices, and are a subclass of what is known in the U .S as microelectromechanical systems ... theory The MEMS field promises to impact a wide swath of research and industry and affect not only material scientists, but also engineers, physicists, chemists, and biologists 13.1.1 Origins The modern ... integrates a tiny seismic mass in the midst of formidable bipolar-CMOS circuitry The system employs force feedback using coulombic force to hold the seismic mass fixed and it senses position making use...

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20