blending in supercritical carbon dioxide

... Graph showing the supercritical region of CO2 10 Figure 2.2 Variation in density of CO2 in the vicinity of its critical point 12 Figure 2.3 Diffusivity behavior of carbon dioxide in the vicinity ... acetate, butyrate and benzoate in supercritical CO2 Experimentally determined solubility isotherms in pure supercritical carbon dioxide were obtained over a range of operating conditions from 90 to ... toluene, chloroform, hexane, etc in industrial processes such as printing, textile dyeing, wafer manufacturing, polymer processing, and pharmaceuticals processing Therefore, separations and purification...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:19

... science and bioinformatics (Donald and Mohammad, 2001) Chapter 1.1.1 Cells Tissue engineering utilizes living cells as engineering materials Examples include using living fibroblasts in skin replacement ... fibroin fiber scaffolds containing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and/or nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHAp) using electrospinning, and showed its ability in inducing in vitro bone formation ... Chemical methods involving attachment of reactive groups to the growth factor for crosslinking with hydrogel polymers have seen increasing use within cartilage tissue engineering (Holland et al.,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... Conclusions This study investigated two methods to load BMP-2 into three dimensional fibrous scaffolds using an electrospinning method, including encapsulating into fibers or coating on fiber surface, ... processes (for instance emulsification and electrospinning as well as post-processing conditions like scaffold handling and incubation) that may result in partial removal of amino acid groups ... F4 seems less integrated and this finding indirectly explains why BMP-2 in F4 was released much faster than all other fibers Chapter 52 Controlled and sustained release of protein is crucial...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... BMP-2 into three dimensional fibrous scaffolds using an electrospinning method, including encapsulating into fibres or coating on fibre surface, and the results revealed that BMP-2 encapsulated into ... treatment of IHC staining, vWF can be stained as brown color Therefore brown color staining detected in bone fragments can be seen as the formation and growth of new blood vessels H&E staining analysis ... scaffolds obtained from the electrospinning method, 15mg of each sample of F1-F4 were weighed and dissolved in mL of DMF solution to extract DCM after freeze drying for days inside a Martin Christ...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... a 10mL glass syringe (MICRO-MATE interchangeable 10cc hypodermic syringe, Popper & Sons, Inc., New Hyde Park, NY US) fitted with a 29-g needle and set up in the elecontrospinning apparatus The ... observed the corresponding strain Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) can be employed to determine the amount of crystalline structure within the microfibers ... the starting point till days 7-9 for samples A1, A2 and A3 In contrast, when the cumulative DNA release reached 80-85%, the remaining 15-20% of DNA could be released within the following 4-5 days...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... the lowest Interestingly, the concentration increased significantly in the subsequent two weeks, suggesting that the expression of DNA from group C samples was sustainable and lasting Nonetheless, ... composite scaffolds could maintain the integrity of encapsulated BMP-2 plasmid, enhance cell attachment with negligible cytotoxicity In the present study, the main objective was to investigate the bone ... level in the second week, implying that the cytoclast differentiation rate and bone healing rate in B3 were both higher than other samples Consequently, good healing result for B3 was detected in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... are maintained after going through the processes of spray drying, supercritical CO2 foaming and post-processing conditions (handling of scaffold, incubations, and lyophilization) As shown in Figure ... process (including spray drying, supercritical CO2 foaming, and handling of samples) on the molecular integrity of plasmid DNA, agarose DNA gel electrophoresis was utilized to determine the integrity ... 30 days retained its original structural integrity as evidenced by the distinct bands present on the gel (Figure 7.5b) This shows that the plasmid DNA integrity could be maintained in the course...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... Lysine-based peptides modified foams for tissue engineering and DNA delivery Toward realizing an effective dual system for tissue engineering and DNA delivery, our work presents intriguing findings ... N-methylmorpholine The removal of Fmoc was completed using 20% piperidine in dimethylformamide (DMF) Cycles of deprotection, washings, double couplings, and washings were repeated until the desired chain ... Chapter 156 creating a DNA delivery and tissue engineering dual system Micro-porous PLGA foams engineered by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technique with large, controlled...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... PLGA/chitosan and PLGA/Lysine composites is in form of naked DNA and its transfection efficiency is extremely low, which would hinder their applications in biomedical engineering In future investigations, ... sustained expression of DNA, which is favorable for DNA delivery and tissue engineering applications In conclusion, this research has shown potential applications of electrospinning and supercritical ... subsequent significant expression in site In contrast, the release of DNA from PLGA/Lysine scaffolds is fast but not sustainable, which is not favorable for tissue engineering Moreover, the DNA from...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:41

... controllers) to PC monitors and increasingly in large area high definition display devices Although liquid crystals are non toxic,[3] they persist in the environment and with increasing concern for our fragile ... these highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic solvents are not viewed as a “sustainable” long term solution to the problem In recent years supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO ) has proven to be an ... Following from this the first carbon dioxide extractions of defunct LCDs was demonstrated at the University of York, resulting in a worldwide patent application for this process.[8] Herein we...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:50

... Extraction of curcumin using ethanol and ( ) % extraction of curcumin using acetone Fig Curcumin extraction by supercritical CO2 ( ) % Extraction of curcumin from curcuma powder using supercritical ... resulting peak area (r2 > 0.999) for curcumin The intra- and inter-day accuracy (Diff %) for curcumin was in the range of −2.81 to +2.53 and −3.11 to +3.61, respectively The intra- and inter-day ... guidelines Stock I (1 mg/ml) of curcumin was prepared by weighing mg curcumin using a pre-calibrated weighing balance (Model: CPA225D, Sartorius, Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany), transferring...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 13:23

... during the time I stayed and researched in Japan but also in the Philippines Thank you for kindly sharing your knowledge as well as experience in research, Thank you for cherishing and supervising ... supportive and encouraging during my two years in the Philippines Thank you for helping me every time, especially when I had concerns Thank you for your warmth and kindness in helping me not only as ... as supercritical fluid chromatography In this process, SC CO2 has been used as a mobile phase Recently, there has been a significant increase in interest of the use of supercritical carbon dioxide...

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 06:25

... during and after CO2 insufflation in an extraperitoneal laparoscopy cohort Mean (SD) / p-value Parameter Before insufflation (base line) First 10 mins insufflation (every measurement) Remaining ... remifentanil was administered Intraoperative fluid replacement was provided with lactated Ringer solution The subjects were supine for induction and emergence from anesthesia, remaining in a flexed lateral ... (measurements obtained every minutes) for the remaining laparoscopic part of the procedure (measurements obtained every minutes), and after evacuation of the carbon dioxide A p-value of less than...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 15:20

... pET-IDH, was introduced into E coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant cells were cultured in Luria–Bertani medium containing 50 lgÆmL)1 ampicillin at 37 °C Expression of idh in the recombinant cells ... for ribosome binding and for a promoter were not identified in the 5¢-flanking region of Cl-idh No open reading frames were found in the immediate vicinity of the gene The deduced amino-acid sequence ... radiolabeling experiments demonstrated a large accumulation of oxaloacetate in the cells, relative to other intermediates [30] In the cells of C thiosulfatophilum grown in a medium containing 3H2O,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... additional intermediate that leads to the rate-determining step The complex in which carbon dioxide remains associated with the conjugate base of HBnTh must be distinct from that in which carbon dioxide ... Catalyzing separation of carbon dioxide Catalysis by addition to carbon dioxide An alternative means of promoting the separation of carbon dioxide suggested in the paper by Sauers et al [43] involves ... involves trapping the carbon dioxide with a competing nucleophile (Scheme 7, last step) A carbon dioxide- trapping mechanism, in which a nucleophile on the enzyme adds to carbon dioxide as it...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... elemental carbon to carbon dioxide Carbon stocks for forestry in IPCC’s method are calculated as elemental carbon In the above equation, in accordance with IPCC guidelines, converting elemental carbon ... difference in distances traveled by pulp and paper in the supply chain for China’s industry, and for the U.S (NewPage) supply chain turned out to be striking Pulp in the Chinese supply chain takes ... Figure 4.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Metric ton of BSKP by Energy Type Summing up: Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China’s Coated Paper Facilities The carbon dioxide emissions from energy used in the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... lighting is used at night to insure adequate levels Although the optimal CO2 level increases with increasing light levels, it is often wasteful, depending on wind speed, to attempt to maintain ... flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing with holes punched at an appropriate spacing (Plate 8) For a small operation the CO2 may be supplied in cylinders When growers still growing in soil incorporate ... the minimum and maximum CO2 level in the greenhouse Usually a single IRGA is used per operation Multiple readings within individual compartments or from different zones can be obtained by using...

Ngày tải lên: 20/04/2014, 14:35

... undetermined effect on the change from 1998 to 1999 estimates See Appendix B, “Data Sources and Methodology,” for further information For more information on uncertainty in estimating carbon dioxide ... reported in the greenhouse gas inventory for 1998 An additional 3.5 percent are attributable to nonutility power producers, which are included in the industrial sector in the GHG inventory Energy Information ... Agency/ Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Generation of Electric Power in the United States increased in 1999 in these States, reducing the need for fossil-fueled generation and contributed to keeping...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... moisture modalities in the oak and beech stands were tested, using contrasts in association with a linear mixed model containing the following variables: stand, moisture treatment, the interaction between ... weighing Sub-samples were oven-dried at 65 C during 48 h in order to convert fresh weight into dry weight 2.4 Extraction of ne roots Root sampling was conducted in October and November 2004 in ... higher in the beech and mixed stands The soils of all stands are well drained; the ground water is below 1.5 m depth during the growing season and rises in winter up to 3045 cm depth In each...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... (Eds.), Direct Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide on Vegetation Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Carbon Dioxide Research Division, Springfield, VA, Washington DC, 1985, pp 117–154 ... they will determine further growth during the next years Especially in the present high density ecosystem study, it will be interesting to investigate how long the growth enhancement in the enriched ... of biomass in spite of delayed bud set; P nigra genotype Jean Pourtet performed best during the first growing season, considering optimum rooting and high growth during the entire growing season...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21