black holes in string theory

... appear 20 Das & Mathur BLACK HOLE ENTROPY IN STRING THEORY: THE FUNDAMENTAL STRING String theory is a quantum theory of gravity Thus, black holes should appear in this theory as excited quantum ... theory STRING THEORY AND SUPERGRAVITY In a certain regime of parameters, string theory is best thought of as a theory of interacting elementary strings (for expositions of superstring theory, see ... section have played an important role in understanding black holes in string theory An example of such an object is a fundamental string in Type IIA or IIB string theory Let some of the directions...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 15:30

... perturbative string states and standard solitons At this point it is important that in string theories with both open and closed strings the closed string coupling gS and the open string coupling gO ... fundamental string within the framework of supergravity We now turn to its interpretation within string theory Although we call the fundamental string a soliton (in the broad sense explained above) ... lightlike For static black holes in Einstein gravity ∂ the horizon Killing vector field is ξ = ∂t Stationary black holes in Einstein gravity are axisymmetric and the horizon Killing vector field is...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 15:27

... dimensions is an indispensable ingredient in modern unifying theories, such as string/ M theory, as well as some older contexts, such as Kaluza–Klein theory In fact, in string/ M theory, which is ... paper [76] Chapter Introduction Black holes constructed on the self-dual Taub-NUT instanton have very interesting interpretations in Kaluza–Klein theory In fact, it will be shown in chapter that ... D = 4, Black holes in five dimensions For black holes in dimension D = 5, more concrete and complete results have been obtained in the past decade For asymptotically flat stationary black holes, ...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:17

... solutions containing a number of black objects such as black Saturn [30]: a black ring surrounding a concentric spherical black hole, black di-ring [31, 32] where the two concentric rings lie in the ... interested in higher dimensional black holes Among the reasons why it would be interesting to study the extension of Einstein’s theory, and in particular its black- hole solutions, in the aspect ... the black hole to a black ring, which can have an arbitrarily large angular momentum for a given mass In addition to the S rotating black ring discovered in [20], a black ring with rotation in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 12:00

... arbitrarily large amount of information using Black Holes, Information, and the String Theory Revolution b c = Signal originating near horizon d c d = Signal from infalling to distant Black Hole a = distant ... 144 Information and the AdS Black Hole 144 Part 3: Black Holes and Strings 149 14 Strings 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Light Cone Quantum Mechanics Light Cone String Theory Interactions ... represented by an incoming light-like line 16 Black Holes, Information, and the String Theory Revolution t=+ Future Singularity + I III r = H+ II H - t=- IV Past Singularity r t=+ Future Singularity...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 13:57

... arbitrarily large amount of information using Black Holes, Information, and the String Theory Revolution b c = Signal originating near horizon d c d = Signal from infalling to distant Black Hole a = distant ... 144 Information and the AdS Black Hole 144 Part 3: Black Holes and Strings 149 14 Strings 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Light Cone Quantum Mechanics Light Cone String Theory Interactions ... represented by an incoming light-like line 16 Black Holes, Information, and the String Theory Revolution t=+ Future Singularity + I III r = H+ II H - t=- IV Past Singularity r t=+ Future Singularity...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2015, 11:41

... Perturbative microstates in string theory 10.5 Extreme black holes 10.6 Type II supergravity 10.7 Form fields and D-branes 10.8 Black holes in string theory 10.9 Counting the microstates 10.10 ... 9.8 M -theory cosmology—the ekpyrotic universe 9.9 Exercises 9.10 General references 10 Black holes in string theory 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Black- hole event horizons 10.3 Entropy of black holes ... flatness of the observed universe Superstring theory also gives insight into the statistical thermodynamics of black holes In the context of superstring theory, bold speculations have been made...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:06

... following sense: What we are interested in is to solve problems involving certain field theory in our universe, AdS/CFT allows us to translate this problem to a gravitational theory in the 1.2 String ... is known as a black ring [Emparan-Reall, 2006] [3] In fact, one has a large number of black objects, e.g black string, black brane, and in the case of multi -black hole system, even black saturn ... study of black holes in asymptotically Anti-de Sitter space in Chapter 1.2 String Theory: What is it really good for? String theory is a 21st-century physics that had fallen by chance into the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 11:58

... singularity in our original (t, r, θ, φ) system In the Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates the condition for radial null curves is solved by d˜ u = dr 0, 1− 2GM r −1 (infalling) (outgoing) (7.71) ... explanation relies on string theory, and basically says that black holes have a lot of hair, in the form of virtual stringy states living near the event horizon I hope you will not be disappointed to hear ... so for black holes of mass comparable to the sun it is completely negligible Still, in principle the black hole could lose all of its mass to Hawking radiation, and shrink to nothing in the process...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 20:20

... J A course in game theory I Martin J Osborne, Ariel Rubinstein p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-262-15041-7.—ISBN 0-262-65040-1 (pbk.) Game theory I Rubinstein, Ariel ... The Interpretation of a Strategy 103 6.5 Two Notable Finite Horizon Games 105 6.6 Iterated Elimination of Weakly Dominated Strategies 108 Notes 114 Bargaining Games 117 7.1 Bargaining and Game Theory ... player is a maxminimizer This result is striking because it provides a link between individual decision-making and the reasoning behind the notion of Nash equilibrium In establishing the result...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 12:15

... and Potential Uses of Black Holes Chapter 54 Detecting Black Holes Through Indirect Means Chapter 67 Giant Black Holes and the Fate of the Universe Chapter 80 Can Black Holes Be Used as Cosmic ... Nor can we ever find out what is happening in its interior if we stay outside, fearing to make the one-way trip.3 Why Study Black Holes? If black holes are so mysterious and in many ways unknowable, ... many riddles of black holes is opening up an exciting new chapter in the ongoing saga of science 11 Researchers put the finishing touches on an instrument that detects X-rays, a kind of radiation...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 13:58

... physical models in higher dimensions Perturbative string theories are particular conformal field theories on the string worldsheet Most nonperturbative effects in string theory necessitate the inclusion ... a closed string theory on the product manifold S × AdS5 to an open string theory ending on a D3 brane These lectures start from the worldsheet description of perturbative superstring theory with ... over symmetric domains and invariant under arithmetic groups, they arise abundantly in string theory Boris Pioline expanded his seminar with Andrew Waldron to give a physicists’ introduction to...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 16:20

... z1 Im z2 17 (22) where in the last equation one combined coordinates (x, y) into a complex number z = x + iy In the Euclidean plane the distance between two points remains invariant under 3-parameter ... editors, Springer Proceedings in Physics, Vol 47, 1990 The lectures were published as a second book entitled “From Number Theory to Physics”, with C Itzykson joining the editorial team, Springer (2nd ... on String duality and automorphic forms, P Di Vecchia on Gauge theory and D-branes, E Frenkel on Vertex algebras, algebraic curves and Langlands program, G Moore on String theory and number theory, ...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 04:20

... that map strings to strings This will enable us to use finitestate techniques later The underlying form x and surface form z are represented as strings We often refer to these strings as input and ... evaluation in Optimality Theory In Proc of COLING T Mark Ellison 1994 Phonological derivation in Optimality Theory In Proc of COLING J Eric Fosler 1996 On reversing the generation process in Optimality ... suggesting the same thing in different terminology Nondeterministically in the case of phonologically conditioned allomorphs: INDEFINITE APPLE → {Λæpl, ænæpl} ⊆ Σ∗ This yields competing candidates...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... (constrained) efficient In turn, the systemic risk arising from herding is also (constrained) efficient in our model This is an interesting result since it is in contrast to the inefficiency that arises in ... Scharfstein and Stein (1990) and Rajan (1994), in some detail in Section Scharfstein and Stein’s sequential model of herding is quiet about the variation in herding behavior over the business cycle ... herding will always be constrained efficient Instead, we interpret the result as suggesting that bank herding in response to the information contagion constitutes an inefficiency only if herding...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... out in binary we divide a string of a 1's into a string of b 1's 100001000 11111 11111111111111 1111111111 111 (17a) The quotient Q, of Eq (18), consists of the q marks (bits) made in measuring ... Unsolved Problems in Number Theory any of the 2N - remaining patterns is a legitimate one, and will occur in precisely one rotor R , It cannot occur in two, since the remaining N divisions of ... Only finitely many F, are composite ( b) Only finitely many F, are prime (c) Infinitely many F , are prime, and infinitely many are composite If (a) or (c) were true, we could find infinitely...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:03

... • Spinning black holes • Falling into a black hole • To see a black hole • Not so black after all • White holes vii BLACK HOLES, WORMHOLES & TIME MACHINES TIME TIMES ARE CHANGING 111 EINSTEIN’S ... accelerating, braking, whizzing round sharp corners, riding bumps, climbing and falling In fact, suspending your disbelief is surprisingly easy The principle used in these rides is known as Einstein’s ... in order to glean some insights into the workings of nature Einstein was very fond of such an approach since he spent his time sitting and thinking, rather than working in a laboratory carrying...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:01