biological methods of treating wastewater

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:15

... Constituents of Water and Wastewater 131 freedom from toxic materials, favorable pH and osmotic pressure conditions, optimal amount of nutrients, and the presence of significant amount of population of ... t, and let L c represent the CBOD of the original waste. The rate of accumulation of the cumulative amount of oxygen, dy/dt, is proportional to the amount of CBOD left to be consumed, L c − ... when the sum of the squares of R is equal to zero, it is certain that the residual is zero. This means that when the sum of the squares is zero, the partial derivative of the sum of the squares...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... downstream end of flume D = width of upstream end of flume E = depth of flume F = length of throat G = length of diverging section K = difference in elevation between lower end of flume and crest of floor ... size of flume (in terms of throat width) A = length of side wall of converging section 2/3A = distance back from end of crest to gage point B = axial length of converging section C = width of downstream ... rate of flow of fluids. In wastewater treatment, the choice of flow meters is especially critical because of the solids that are transported by the wastewater flow. In all cases, the possibility of solids...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... characteristics of the pump are the diameter of impeller or length of stroke D, the rotational speed or stroking speed ω , some roughness ⑀ of the chamber, and some characteristic length ᐉ of the chamber ... pump At 20°C, P v (vapor pressure of water) = 2.34 kN/m 2 = 0.239 m of water Assume standard atmosphere of 1 atm = 10.34 m of water. Therefore, theoretical limit of pump cavitation = −(10.34 − ... Sincero of about 13 meters and an rpm of 990. These values substituted into Equation (4.43), after converting the rpm of 990 rpm to radians per second, produces an N s of 1.73. A number of calculations...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... treatment of sewage and the sedimen- tation basin used in the treatment of raw water for drinking purposes are two of the units in the physical treatment of water and wastewater that use the concept of flocculent ... basin is constructed to remove some of the turbidities. These turbidity particles are composed not of a single but of a multitude of particles settling in a column of water. Since the formulas derived ... direction of settling, (5.10) where m is the mass of the particle and a its acceleration. Calling ρ p the mass density of the particle, ρ w the mass density of water, the volume of the particle,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... length of the paddle blades of the longest compartment to that of the length of the paddle blades of the middle compartment is 2.6:2, and the ratio of the length of the paddle blades of the middle compartment ... A p Projected area of paddle blade A pt Sum of projected areas of paddle blades b Length of paddle blade C D Coefficient of drag D Width of paddle blade D a The diameter of the impeller D t Diameter of vessel E ... velocity of bubbles Average rise velocity of water v p Tangential velocity of paddle v pt Paddle tip velocity Volume of tank V b Volume of bubble Average volume of bubbles in tank Average volume of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... sand of sieve analysis of Problem 7.10 is used to con- struct (a) a slow-sand filter of average porosity of 0.39 operated at 9.33 m 3 /m 2 ⋅ d and (b) a rapid-sand filter of average porosity of ... be made of blocks equipped with holes. The condition of the bed is such that the coarser heavy grains are at the bottom. Thus, the size of these holes and the size of the perforations of the septum ... largest grains of the bed to pass through. Figure 7.3 shows a cutaway view of a pressure filter. The construction of this filter is very similar to that of the gravity filter. Take note of the underdrain...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... rate of application of the influent be recorded, as the length of δ is dependent upon this flow rate. The faster the rate of application, the longer the length of δ , and the slower the rate of ... breakthrough mass of adsorbate before exhaustion. The total volume of wastewater treated at exhaustion is designated by . Determination of the length of the active zone. The length of the active ... Mass of cake per unit volume of filtrate k A constant in the Freundlich isotherm [C] Equilibrium concentration of adsorbate in solution [C ci ] Concentration of species i in concentrate of RO...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... for the pur- pose of determining the value of β of a particular wastewater. The [C os,w ] of the wastewater after shaking the jar thoroughly is 7.5 mg/L. The temperature of the wastewater is 25°C. ... performs an experiment for the purpose of determining the value of β of a particular wastewater. If β is found to be equal to 0.89 and the [C os,w ] of the wastewater after shaking the jar thoroughly ... performs an experiment for the purpose of determining the value of β of a particular wastewater. If β is found to be equal to 0.89 and the temperature of the wastewater is 25°C, calculate [C os,w ]. 9.15...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... of solids produced in the lime-soda process M TCa Total mass of noncarbonate hardness of calcium Total mass of Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 M TMg Total mass of noncarbonate hardness of magnesium Total mass of ... original number of equivalents of the bicarbonate. Calculate the original number of moles of the bicarbonate. 10.4 The total mass of calcium carbonate solids produced from softening of calcium sulfate ... Inflow to softening plant Mg1 Concentration of magnesium in influent from first stage of split- treatment softening plant Mg f Concentration of magnesium in treated water Mgr Concentration of raw...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... liquid state of a substance LI Langelier of Saturation Index P block Percent blocking potential of a segment of pipe due to potential deposition of CaCO 3 pH s Saturation pH Q pipe Rate of flow through ... ion CaOH + Hydroxide complex of calcium ion [∆carb] Moles of carbon dioxide per unit volume of flow required to bring the pH of water to the saturation pH Sulfate complex of calcium ion [∆Decarb] Moles of base per ... temperature Vol pipe Volume of pipe segment in which blocking potential is to be deter- mined z Charge of ion { } Read as “activity of ” [ ] Read as “concentration of ” γ Activity coefficient γ Ca Activity coefficient of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... constant of Equilibrium constant of Equilibrium constant of Equilibrium constant of K FeOHc Equilibrium constant of FeOH + K FeOHc Equilibrium constant of FeOH 2+ Equilibrium constant of Equilibrium ... from the use of an optimum dose of copperas of [FeIIopt] geq Kilograms of ferric hydroxide plus the solids produced from the raw water suspended solids resulting from the use of an optimum dose of [FeIIIopt] geq ... coagulant M CaOFeIII Kilograms of lime used with one of the ferric salts used as coagulant M CaOkgeqFeIII Kilogram equivalents of lime used with one of the ferric salts as coagulant M FeIIICl Kilograms of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... coefficient of Activity coefficient of Activity coefficient of Activity coefficient of Fe 2 γ Mn Activity coefficient of Mn(II) ion γ Mn(OH)c Activity coefficient of Mn(OH) + Activity coefficient of PROBLEMS 13.1 ... in terms of equivalents of the bicarbonate ion, or in terms of the equivalents of the hydroxide ion. The number of equivalents of the hydroxide ion is equal to its number of moles, so it is convenient ... results. Reduction—The addition of electrons to the valence shell of an atom. Reference species—The number of moles of electrons involved or the number of positive (or negative) moles of charges or oxidation...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... that is, the number of ads, the length of ads and when they are put on the air. -Web papers: You probably would not have seen this means of advertising on a list of advertising methods if you had ... other methods of communication. But not who also read them , advertise by a hotel's little sum of moneys also costly email, but also isn't acquired efficiently. Because number of email plenty ... than most of major forms of advertising. However, with the increasing number of television networks and stations, businesses might find good deals for placing commercials or other forms of advertisements....

Ngày tải lên: 15/04/2013, 14:02

... 80-85. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich University of Zürich, Swiss Banking Institute Master of Advanced Studies in Finance Master Thesis Statistical Methods of Valuation and Risk Assessment: Empirical ... ratio of 1.05 where the directional strategies exhibit a ratio of 0.75 and in the case of a minimal acceptable rate of 0% non-directional strategies exhibit on average an annualised ratio of 1.75 ... confidence intervals of the estimates are also represented by red dashed lines. 3.6.2 Graphical Analysis of Time-Varying Exposures Since a minimum number of observations, i.e. number of asset classes,...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2013, 20:00