biological degradation of hazardous wastes

... Chapter Environmental Hazardous Wastes 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Introduction Classification of Hazardous Pollutants Sources of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Media of Hazardous Wastes 2.4.1 Groundwater ... ton of hazardous waste per person is generated annually by industries in the United States Before the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1984, hazardous wastes were improperly disposed of ... disposed of, or otherwise managed © 2004 by CRC Press LLC TX69272_C01.fm Page 10 Tuesday, November 11, 2003 11:33 AM 10 Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes The two classes of hazardous...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... source of hazardous waste, with 742.6 million pounds of on-site releases, 342.2 million pounds of air emissions, 106 million pounds of surface water discharges, and 215.8 million pounds of underground ... Program of various types of waste These types of waste are categorized as: • Hazardous waste that contains hazardous constituents but no radionuclides • Mixed waste that contains both hazardous ... 2003 11:34 AM 24 Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes pollutants can still be found at most contaminated sites because of high resistance to biodegradation under natural environmental conditions...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... test in Gulf of Mexico Love Canal, New York Hazardous wastes Hazardous wastes British government U.S government PCBs U.S government Halogenated VOCs Dioxins, TCP, and hazardous wastes USEPA 1982 ... Treatment of Hazardous Wastes The most frequently selected technology for treating metals is solidification/stabilization Out of all of the innovative technologies, soil washing is chosen most often ... AM 70 3.3.5 Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes Department of Energy 3.3.5.1 Remedial Technology The Department of Energy recognized that much of the remediation at its installations...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... (time)–1(concentration)1–n, the unit of the rate constant of a zero-order reaction is (time)–1(concentration) The rate of zero-order reaction is independent of the concentration of the reactant, which is often encountered ... FIGURE 4.4 Effect of pH on the second-order rate constant for the dismutation of superoxide (From Bielski, B.H.J., Reevaluation of the spectral and kinetic properties of •HO2 and of •O2- free radicals, ... of Hazardous Wastes O H H HOO– + H+ O (4.52) Due to the solvation of protons by hydrogen peroxide, an oxonium structure is observed, as in Equation (4.53); this structure changes the nature of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... 14, 2003 2:09 PM 166 Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes reaction is a function of the concentration of hydroxyl radicals In the presence of oxygen, no polymerization occurs Barb et al ... amount of iron is sufficient to determine oxidation of an unlimited amount of tartaric acid In tartaric acid, two atoms of hydrogen are removed from a molecule of acid, resulting in the production of ... effect of the number of chlorines on the degradation rate constants of different chlorophenols, Table 6.2 shows the rate constants of elementary, oxidation, and dechlorination for the ratios of k2-CP/k2,4-DCP...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes C, concentration ppm 288 pH pH pH pH 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20 40 60 t, FIGURE 8.3 UV/ozone: influence of pH on the degradation of vanillic acid ... Conversely, a low pH value of combined with a low temperature of 10°C yielded the lowest kC value of 1.34 Einstein/mol2◊m8 When the effects of UV/ozone treatment on the degradation of protocatechuic acid ... Treatment of Hazardous Wastes due to the continual decrease in the degradation rate, especially after about When the pH is about 7, almost 90% of a 40-mg/L sample tested after 1.5 can be removed The degradation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... dark produce no degradation of PCB The combination of TiO2 and light shows high rates of degradation The pathway of PCB degradation by UV/TiO2 is likely to involve an attack of OH radicals on ... orders of removal of organic reactants were evaluated from log (initial rate of removal of organics) vs log (initial concentration of organic) The initial photoefficiencies of removal of organic ... Treatment of Hazardous Wastes filtered and concentrations of the pollutant were determined using HPLC When catalysts were compared, degradation of carbetamide was complete at 90 with the use of TiO2...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... Treatment of Hazardous Wastes TABLE 11.1 Historical Perspective of Sonochemistry Year Historical Event 1867 Early observations of cavitation by Tomlinson and Gernez 1880 Discovery of the piezoelectric ... November 11, 2003 12:24 PM 432 Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes 11.3 Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Aqueous Solutions Sonolysis of organic pollutants in water involves research on ... Treatment of Hazardous Wastes be increased during sonication because of the transformation of pressure into heat Many researchers have mentioned very controversial results regarding the effect of solution...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... example, rate constants of 1.9 × 10 in the presence of 3.7 mg/L of oxygen, 35% of these two reactive species would be removed at a dose of 100 krad as opposed to 5% at a dose of 800 krad 12.4 QSAR ... 468 Friday, November 14, 2003 2:10 PM 468 Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes 99% bromoform removal, the effect of water quality was insignificant when the initial concentration was ... November 14, 2003 2:10 PM 470 Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes – that the e aq initiates greater than 99% of the removal of CHCl3, whereas •OH is responsible for less than 0.2% and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... 11, 2003 12:32 PM 516 Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes TABLE 13.11 Removal of Chlorine Residues and Amount of Chloride in pH Range of to [HOCl + OCl•] (Concentration, mg/L) [Cl•] ... Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes the wide range of waste characteristics and various ways in which metals can be adsorbed to the Fe surface, the extent of pollutant retention by ... Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes contaminants are quickly reduced, and others react too slowly for consideration of remediation by iron Although much data exist regarding degradation rates,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... the degradation of TCB, subject to the effect of pH, bicarbonate, and humic acids (Masten et al., 1996) Table 14.17 provides a comparison of the effect of pH on the efficiency of oxidation of pentanoic ... efficiency of the oxidation of TCB The rate of TCB degradation decreased at both 1.6 and 10 mg/L humic acid It appears that humic acid scavenges •OH and other radicals responsible for the degradation of ... Physicochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes highly toxic and refractory to anaerobic biological treatment, it was chosen for the comparison as being representative of phenolic acids, and its degradation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... tolerant of decisions made out of ignorance than they are of those made with intent An Engineering Perspective on the Risks of Hazardous Wastes A seminal case study in hazardous wastes was that of ... producing any hazardous wastes Unfortunately, it is not possible for all industries to produce zero hazardous wastes, but it is possible to minimize the production of hazardous wastes One of the tools ... Point of Release of the Hazardous Waste Intervention As the Hazardous Waste Is Transported in the Environment Intervention at the Receptor of Hazardous Waste Intervention to Control the Dose of Hazardous...

Ngày tải lên: 27/05/2016, 00:22

... prevention of exposure of the public and contamination of the environment by hazardous wastes is to find ways to produce what we need while minimizing the hazardous side products The flood of legislation ... only hazardous materials but also diets, infectious agents, and even social behavior, as illustrated by the summary prepared in 1981 by 463 HAZARDOUS WASTES the Office of Technology Assessment of ... by a 0.1-cent federal tax on every gallon of motor fuel sold in the country Accumulated Wastes Past practices have left huge quantities of hazardous wastes deposited in landfills, ponds, fields,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... hazardous waste management, stormwater management, photographic processing wastes, soap and detergent wastes, livestock wastes, rubber processing wastes, timber industry wastes, power plant wastes, ... Hungary Evaluation of hazard of the waste and the establishment of fines are based on the results of ecotoxicological tests Classification of wastes is based on the results of toxicological tests ... use of a battery of environmental bioassays for the management of hazardous wastes is applied in the Czech Republic [176] This battery of environmental bioassays has included representatives of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:22

... 5.6 HAZARDOUS WASTES, TREATMENT SLUDGE MANAGEMENT, AND MINIMIZATION 5.6.1 Hazardous Wastes Hazardous Wastes Sources The metal finishing industry is an important source of hazardous wastes Hazardous ... that of other wastes Any waste contaminated by hazardous wastes is also considered to be hazardous Therefore, the identification, segregation, and proper management of hazardous waste is of primary ... amount of wastes, as in the case of metal plating bath recovery [4] However, even some pollution prevention and recovery applications generate hazardous wastes Important sources of hazardous wastes...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:22

... identification of hazardous wastes and extremely hazardous wastes In the State of California, a waste or a material is defined as hazardous because of its toxicity if it meets any of the following ... (LQG) of hazardous wastes; an example for managing hazardous wastes generated at medical of ces; Copyright #2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All Rights Reserved In-Plant Management of Industrial Hazardous ... industrial hazardous substance problems Some hazardous wastes, or mixture of hazardous wastes (such as cyanides, hydrogen sulfide, and parathion) are extremely or acutely hazardous because of their...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:22

... application of POME as a renewable resource of energy is the production of biological hydrogen via a fermentation process The main purpose of producing biological hydrogen is to offer an alternative ... reported the failure of a digester when treating a mixture of abattoir wastes The mixture contained 13% of rumen and intestine contents, 25% of manure from animal buildings, 44% of surplus sludge ... 98 Festino, C.; Aubart, C Optimisation of anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastes and mixtures of animal wastes with sewage sludges and slaughterhouse wastes Entropie 1986, 130 – 131, 20 Narbonne,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:22

... train of reactors This reactor system contributes significantly to the high degree of flexibility of the overall plant in producing different grades of rubber The reactor train is capable of producing ... modification of plant processes Control of spills, leakage, washdown, and storm runoff can also reduce the treatment system load Modifications may include the use of vacuum pumps instead of steam ... The quantity of wastewater generated by a wood preserving plant is a function of the method of conditioning used, the moisture content of the wood being treated, and the amount of rainwater draining...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:22

Ngày tải lên: 27/05/2016, 20:30

... formed; Determination of the effects of UV intensity to confirm possibility of obtaining higher PCB degradation at shorter reaction time; Analysis of the kinetics of PCB degradation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... the report of Alnaizy and Akgerman (2000) on the degradation of phenolic compounds After 60 minutes of irradiation, 76% PCB degradation was obtained with pH 3, 78% with pH 10, 87% degradation ... observed at 80 ppm which gave a lower degradation efficiency of 79% after 60 minutes of reaction The amount of PCBs in the solution may have inhibited the degradation of the compound and it is possible...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08