biogeography ecology and evolutionary biology

... most important contributions to evolutionary biology (and ecology) in the last half of the twentieth century; this is the thinking by W D Hamilton leading to understanding extraordinary sex ratios ... in ecology and evolutionary biology because one tool cannot solve all the problems that we face Second, if you know how to use one kind of screwdriver, then you will almost surely understand ... screwdriver to you, and you would probably be able to figure it out Similarly, the goal in this book is not to introduce you to every tool that could be used in ecology and evolutionary biology Rather,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Individual growth and life history invariants We now turn to another topic of long interest and great importance in evolutionary ecology – characterizing individual growth and its implications ... equation is remarkable, and the beginning of an enormous amount of evolutionary ecology and here is why Notice that L(tm)/L1 is the relative size at maturity Equations (2.15) and (2.16) tell us that ... between time and t and survival between t and t þ dt are independent of each other This means that the focal organism does not learn anything in to t that allows it to better survive and that whatever...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... we set t ¼ implicitly) Random search with depletion In many situations in ecology and evolutionary biology, we deal with random search for items that are then removed and not replaced (an obvious ... probabilities Random variables come in two varieties: discrete random variables and continuous random variables Discrete random variables, like the die, can have only discrete values Typical discrete random ... PrfAjBg ¼ Area common to A and B Area of B (3:4) and if we divide numerator and denominator by the area of S, the right hand side of Eq (3.4) involves Pr{A, B} in the numerator and Pr{B} in the denominator...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Bonsall and Hastings (2004) 138 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoids " " Since N ¼ f ðN Þ and setting f N ¼ df =dN jN we conclude that n(t) " approximately satisfies nðt þ 1Þ ¼ f N nðtÞ (4:5) and ... in Mangel and Clark (1988) and Clark and Mangel (2000) Note that each term on the right hand side involves current accumulation to fitness (which may be if no host is encountered) and future ... exp(ÀaP), so that fH ¼ and fP ¼ Àaexp(ÀaP); these need to be evaluated at the steady states and the coefficients a, b, c, and d in Eq (4.9) evaluated so that we can then determine and Exercise 4.3...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... model due to Roy Anderson and Robert May (Anderson and May 1978, May and Anderson 1978) These papers contain eight different models (a basic model and then seven elaborations of it) and total nearly ... meaning any deviation from a completely random distribution – is sufficient to stabilize the dynamics The papers of Anderson and May (1978) and May and Anderson (1978) are well worth examining, ... total population of humans and mosquitoes, HT and MT respectively, which are assumed to be approximately constant, and the population of infected humans and mosquitoes, H and M respectively The malarial...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Healey and Morris (1992), Holland and Sutinen (1999), Vestergaard (1996) and Vestergaard et al (2003) One of the most important reasons for understanding behavior, as Gillis and his colleagues and ... McAllister and Ianelli (1997), McAllister and Kirkwood (1998a, b, 1999), Meyer and Millar (1999a, b), Patterson (1999), Wade (2000), Adkison and Zhenming (2001), Hammond and O’Brien (2001), Harley and ... all of the relevant disciplines (here, biology, economics, behavior, and quantitative methods) In this chapter, we will focus on biology and economics (and quantitative methods, of course) in...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... composed of a deterministic term and a random term, so that we write X(t þ 1) ¼ (1 þ l(t))X(t), where lðtÞ ¼ " þ ZðtÞ, and understand " to be the mean growth rate and l l Z(t) to be the perturbation ... s and y (think about the relationship between qt and qs and qxx and qyy before you start computing)? Keeping with the ordering of time in Figure 7.8, let us compute the covariance of W(t) and ... W(t1 þ dt) À W(t1) and dW2 ¼ W(t2 þ dt) À W(t2) where t2 > t1 þ dt then dW1 and dW2 are independent random variables (for this last part, you might want to peek at Eqs (7.29) and (7.30)) Now, although...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 1966), island biogeography (MacArthur and Wilson 1967), and metapopulation ecology (Levins 1969) developed The theories of optimal foraging and island biogeography developed rapidly and led to ... success of island biogeography and optimal foraging theory relative to metapopulation ecology teaches us two things First, the developers of optimal foraging theory and island biogeography provided ... In classical island biogeography, one measures per capita birth and death rates and carrying capacity of an island and is able to predict the mean persistence time On the other hand, it is not...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... R and Bollback, J P (2001) Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology Science, 294, 2310–2314 Hughes, B D (1995) Random Walks and Random Environments Volume 1: Random ... R and Handmer, J W (1995) Ignorance, the precautionary principle, and sustainability Ambio, 24, 92–97 Dovers, S R., Norton, T W and Handmer, J W (1996) Uncertainty, ecology, sustainability and ... D., Dushoff, J and Levin, S A (2002) Ecology and evolution of the flu Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 17, 334–340 Easterling, M R and Ellner, S P (2000) Dormancy strategies in a random environment:...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... Cichlids and evolutionary ecology The cichlid story illustrates many of the broader features of evolutionary ecology, the science that involves both ecological and evolutionary knowledge Evolutionary ... Calvin Dytham and Dale Taneyhill Finally, thanks to my wife Emese and daughters Alice and Lara, the former for understanding my need to write the book and supporting me in the struggle, and the latter ... DISCOVERING EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY example, both evolutionary biologists and ecologists would consider species richness as one of the key variables they want to understand Both too would want to understand...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 18:20

... Evolution Synthetic biology Ecology Lessons 3,4 Synthetic Biology Lessons from Evolution and Ecology Lesson 1: Evolution is a source of functional diversity and modularity Lesson 2: Evolutionary mechanisms ... prevent unwanted spread, understanding the interplay between ecology and synthetic biology is critical to predicting how an engineered system might evolve in and interact with a natural environment ... understanding of the interplay between evolution, ecology and synthetic biology will be critical in moving our designs ‘beyond the bioreactor’ into the real world where they can safely and effectively...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... data alone, and require morphology as a basis for study Thus, my thesis will thus utilize morphology to address the questions and studies evolutionary biology Evolutionary biology and taxonomy ... Introduction 16 A plea for morphology in biology 16 Evolutionary biology and taxonomy of Sepsidae 19 CHAPTER 2: Phylogenetic origins and morphological evolution of the sepsid sternite ... 2000, Kraushaar and Blanckenhorn 2002, Teuschl et al 2010b, Puniamoorthy et al 2012) to developmental biology (Bowsher and Nijhout 2007, Bowsher and Nijhout 2009, Bowsher et al 2013), and genomics...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:32

... Perochaeta orientalis, Male (MA-MF) and Female (FA-FE) M and F prefixes refer to male and female specimen respectively A– Habitus, dorsal view (sans wings), B – head and thorax, ventral view, C – Head ... Head Similar in males and females (Figs 4.1A & 4.2A) Roundish; facial carina short and shallow, facial area receding Gena and parafacial region narrow Ocellar prominence and occipital region lightly ... lateral rectangle and sternite tapering posteriorly Postabdominal segments and with the tergites and sternites separated laterally, the sternites (like the tergites) thus very broad and short; segment...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:32

... Spuler 1917)(Family SEPSIDAE) Sepsis pyrrhosoma (Melander and Spuler 1917): Fig 14 Holotype and allotype ♂ (Holotype) from Lafayette, IN (Melander and Spuler 1917), ♀ (Allotype) from Philadelphia, ... samples from Raleigh, NC, New York and Athens, GA Etymology The specific name first given by Melander and Spuler in their original description of the species (Melander and Spuler 1917), derived from ... coxae and trochanters always light yellow, as are fore-femora and tibiae All tarsi are light yellow until 4th and 5th tarsomeres, which are black Mid and rear femora infuscate on the dorsal and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:32

... transfer, subscripts F and P indicate system fuel and system product, respectively, NK is the number of system components, and NP and NF are the numbers of system products and fuels, respectively ... used, and their minimum and maximum allowable values In problem OP11, in addition to the evident consideration of the turbines and HRSGs, some decision variables associated with the condenser and ... function OF is the same, and the process steam and process hot water demands are assumed constant Here, the larger problem OP11 is considered for both mathematical optimization and exergoeconomic improvement...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

... cortisol and the androgens dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione adrenaline see epinephrine adrenal medulla see adrenal gland adrenal medullary hormone any catecholamine hormone elaborated and ... produced by the adrenal glands the adrenal gland itself adrenal androgen any of the C19 steroid hormones produced in the cortex of the adrenal gland, including androstenedione and testosterone adrenal ... where p and A are phosphoric and adenosine residues, respectively, and a and n are small integers (a = 1, 2, or and n commonly = 2, 3, or 4) Potent inhibitors of protein biosynthesis in vivo and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 07:20

... Carnivore Ecology and Conservation OUP CORRECTED PROOF FINAL, 6/12/2011, SPi Techniques in Ecology and Conservation Series Series Editor: William J Sutherland Bird Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook ... J Sutherland, Ian Newton, and Rhys E Green Conservation Education and Outreach Techniques Susan K Jacobson, Mallory D McDuff, and Martha C Monroe Forest Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of ... Principles and Techniques Mick N Clout and Peter A Williams Amphibian Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques C Kenneth Dodd, Jr Insect Conservation: A Handbook of Approaches and Methods...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 17:20

... for example, (–)limonene, myrcene, and α- and β-pinene Likewise, phellandrene synthase in Pinus contorta produces α- and β-pinene as well as 3-carene and β-phellandrene (Savage et al 1994) whereas ... Glandular Trichomes 130 Epidermal Cells and Bud Trichomes 135 PART II The Geologic History and Ecology of Resins 141 Chapter Amber: Resins Through Geologic Time 143 How Is Resin Fossilized and ... Evolution, Ecology, and Ethnobotany JEAN H LANGENHEIM Timber Press Portland • Cambridge gum, the gum of the mountain spruce He showed me lumps of the scented stuff Like uncut jewels, dull and rough...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... encompasses about 4,450 (11,000 ac) of wetland and mesic land with predominately pine forest, 18 Ecology and Management of a Forested Landscape bottomland hardwood, and cypress-tupelo swamp habitats Prior ... populations (Stahle and Cleaveland 1992; Anderson 1994) When Hernando de Soto passed through the middle Savannah River valley in 1541, he found no Ecology and Management of a Forested Landscape people ... Past and Present Land-Use History David L White Industrial Operations and Current Land Use John I Blake, John J Mayer, and John C Kilgo The land area now owned by the U.S Department of Energy and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 19:20

... DP8 and DP9 immune function, and their potential as targets for inflammatory diseases As previously outlined, DP8 and DP9 are present in leucocytes and leucocyte DPIV family in cancer and cell biology ... hybridization and immunohistochemistry analyses on baboon and human tissues detected DP8 and DP9 in lymphocytes and epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, lymph node, spleen, liver and lung, ... functions of DPIV, FAP and DP8/9 The DPs have interesting roles in cell biology and in pathogenic processes DPIV and FAP have been identified both as potential cancer markers and as proteases with...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22