biodiversity ecosystem services and conservation

... role and value of biodiversity, and recognizes the dynamics and linkages between people, biodiversity and ecosystems Human activities have direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems, ... themes: biodiversity, ecosystem services and valuation; incentives and institutions; governance; IPRs and protection of indigenous knowledge; and climate change, biodiversity and ecosystem services ... 11) Biodiversity, ecosystem services and valuation The economics and valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services, social aspects including biodiversity poverty linkages, factors causing biodiversity...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 17:20

... used to restore and/ or maintain the functioning of ecosystems and the goods and services they provide is discussed The concept of ecosystem health is defined, and the ways in which ecosystems can ... by mammals is relatively unimportant in ecosystem functioning and biodiversity maintenance, and secondly that heavy grazing has caused land denudation and desertification in semi-arid regions ... wetlands and grasslands, grazing by large herbivores is used as a management tool for the conservation of birds, butterflies and other invertebrates The impacts of grazing at different spatial and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 17:20

... appropriation Biodiversity and ecosystem structures, processes and functions: • Surrounding local ecosystem functions, processes and services • Regional and global ecosystem functions, processes and services ... the direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services, both positive and / or negative, associated with: • The use and management of controlled and owned land assets (and access ... activities and biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) To that end, we use dairy farming as a case study and propose general recommendations regarding accounting for changes in biodiversity and ecosystem...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20

... biological value and ecosystem services of the system, biodiversity and human livelihoods are threatened * Corresponding Author Agroforestry for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services – Science and Practice ... for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services – Science and Practice Fig A diagrammatic presentation of carbon pools and ecosystem drivers, disturbances, and stressors that influence carbon stocks and ... C pools and fluxes, and to describe major ecological processes, drivers, and stressors that determine C stocks in these ecosystems Major C pools and fluxes, and key ecosystem drivers and stressors...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://kluweronline.com http://ebooks.kluweronline.com Contents Prelude to sturgeon biodiversity and conservation by E.K Balon Sturgeon biodiversity and conservation: ... Sturgeon biodiversity and conservation Developments in environmental biology of fishes 17 Series Editor EUGENE K BALON Sturgeon biodiversity and conservation Editors: VADIM ... the Netherlands Sturgeon biodiversity and conservation: an introduction William E Bemis¹, Vadim J Birstein2 & John R Waldman3 I Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 18:20

... Ecosystem Services Table 1.4 Taxonomy of ecosystem services proposed by Holmlund and Hammer 1999 Fundamental Ecosystem Services (essential for survival of ecosystems and humans) Demand-Derived Ecosystem ... ecosystem services and direct benefits of dynamics-based ecosystem services Structure-Based Benefits of Indirectly Used Ecosystem Services Dynamics-Based Benefits of Directly Used Ecosystem Services ... Context of Ecosystem Services Figure 1.1 Relationships among ecosystem processes, functions, and services The interactions between ecosystem structure and dynamics generate direct and indirect ecosystem...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20

... Rangeland Biological Ecosystem Goods and Services A-1 A2: Rangeland Hydrologic and Atmospheric Ecosystem Goods and Services A-2 A3: Miscellaneous Rangeland Ecosystem Goods and Services ... Sustainable Rangelands: A Primer Ecosystem Goods and Services on U.S Rangelands Importance of Rangeland Ecosystem Goods and Services 10 Evaluating Ecosystem Goods and Services ... ecosystem services Importance of Rangeland Ecosystem Goods and Services By definition, ecosystem goods and services (EGS) are important to the extent that they satisfy human needs Goods and services...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21

... areas contain endemic and threatened species, ecosystems, and natural resources, provide stability and maintenance for land and water systems, and sustain national, provincial, and local economies ... beauty, and biodiversity conservation) PROMOTING PES IN LAO PDR SLIDE 27 Private and government investments in ecosystem services can financially compensate landowners for protecting and enhancing ... perhaps the ecosystem service does not seem clearly defined) VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES SLIDE 15 Through the valuation of ecosystem services, PES brings ecosystems into the economy and, by extension,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/05/2016, 20:58

... WITH WEB SERVICES AND MOBILE DEVICES //declare connection, command and other related objects SqlConnection conReport = new SqlConnection(cnString); SqlCommand cmdReport = new SqlCommand(); SqlDataReader ... reader and populate the dataset cmdReport.CommandType = CommandType.Text; cmdReport.Connection = conReport; cmdReport.CommandText = "Select TOP * FROM Dbo Itinerary"; //read data from command object ... using System; System.Web; System.Web .Services; System.Web .Services. Protocols; 8547ch06final.qxd 8/30/07 3:50 PM Page 231 CHAPTER s REPORTING WITH WEB SERVICES AND MOBILE DEVICES [WebService(Namespace...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2013, 08:48

... can calculate a set of (RAND, SRES) 2tuples in advance, store them in the HLR, and send them on demand to the requesting VLR The VLR stores this set (RAND[n], SRES[n]) and uses a new 2-tuple from ... blocks of the TCH/F9.6 and TCH/H4.8 channels to the standard format of 456 bits Thus, blocks of these channels can also be processed in a standardized way (interleaving, etc.), and the amount of redundancy ... transmitted (e.g a handover command), the current data block n is replaced by the convolutional coded FACCH message, and it is interleaved in a block-diagonal way with the data blocks (n 1) and (n 1) of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 21:15

... failure DCCH MS ! N 00101111 Handover access DCCH MS ! N ± Handover command DCCH N ! MS 00101011 Handover complete DCCH MS ! N 00101100 Ciphering Handover Message Handover failure Channel release ... Control (CC), Supplementary Services (SS), and Short Message Service (SMS) Call control handles all tasks related to setting up, maintaining and taking down calls The services of call control are ... encryption and decryption on the data channel The RR sublayer provides several services at the RR-SAP to the MM sublayer These services are needed to set up and take down signaling connections and to...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 15:15

... categories: ² Handover because of more favorable path loss conditions ² Mandatory intercell handover ² Mandatory intracell handover 200 Roaming and Switching Table 8.1 Threshold values for the GSM handover ... standardizing only the signaling interface that de®nes the processing of the handover and through transferring the handover decision to the BSS The GSM handover is thus a network-originated handover ... its participation in the handover decision The MSC causes the new BSS to prepare a channel for the handover, and frees the handover to the mobile station (handover command), as soon as the reservation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 15:15

... transparent and nontransparent services These bearer services carry data between the MT of the mobile station and the Interworking Function (IWF) of the MSC For the realization of bearer services, ... network transition switching unit and carried as a voiceband signal in the PSTN to the analog terminal After these introductory remarks, the GSM data and teleservices and their realization are discussed ... Communication and Networking Figure 9.1: GSM reference con®guration signals in GSM networks are transported in standard ISDN format with a bit rate of 64 kbit/s In comparison, realizing data services and...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 13:15

... supply probability, and availability, and it can also be characterized with nontechnical criteria like ease of operation and comfort of subscriber access or even hot-line and support services Considering ... response times, etc.), and utilization of network components (hardware and software) The objective is on one hand to ensure a good utilization of resources and on the other hand to recognize trends ... Failure and con®guration management are speci®ed only for the BSS; the reasons are that on one hand the databases (HLR, VLR) were assigned to accounting management, and on the other hand standardization...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 13:15

... additional non-standardized services Examples are access to information databases, messaging services (via store -and- forward mailboxes), and transaction services (e.g credit card validations and electronic ... Switched and Circuit Switched Services In a GSM/GPRS network, conventional circuit switched services (GSM speech, data, and SMS) and GPRS services can be used in parallel The GPRS standard de®nes ... with the SGSN 11.2 Services 11.2.1 Bearer Services and Supplementary Services The bearer services of GPRS offer end-to-end packet switched data transfer to mobile 11.2 245 Services subscribers...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 20:15

... supplementary services, Phase 21 is also addressing new bearer and teleservices In this section we give an overview of these new speech and data services They signi®cantly improve the GSM speech quality and ... server and an SMS service center However, both concepts have signi®cant disadvantages: supplementary services are subject to international standardization, and on the other hand these services ... assign and control priorities to users and their calls (e.g for emergency calls) All those services together are referred to as Advanced Speech Call Items (ASCI) 12.3 Bearer and Teleservices...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 20:15

... members of the public and representatives of official bodies, and on how discourses and local practitioners influence and recreate participation in and design of services and new technology This ... different areas of expertise, perspectives and needs The many discussions, misunderstandings and mutual understanding, concrete negotiations over resources and time, and, on occasions, creative activities, ... Fogbow Design and Reconfiguration of Services and Participation in eGovernment Annelie Ekelin Abstract This thesis is about the metaphors of the rainbow and the fogbow, investigations and evaluations,...

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2013, 20:15

... in IT testing and certification tools, www.testking.com -7- 070 - 310 A myCommand.CommandText = “TestKingCustomer, ALFKI” myCommand.Parameters.Add (“@CustomerID”) B myCommand.CommandText = “TestKingCustomer” ... “TestKingCustomer” myCommand.Parameters.Add (“TestKingCustomer”, “ALFKI”) C myCommand.CommandText = “@CustomerID” myCommand.Parameters.Add (“TestKingCustomer”, “ALFKI”) D myCommand.CommandText = “TestKingCustomer” ... Component Services administrative tool enables you to configure and administer COM components and COM+ applications With Component Services, administrators can deploy and administer Component Services...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 14:16

... energy and vice versa Frictional and drag forces on the other hand are called “non-conservative” for reasons that are explained below Consider a system that consists of a block of mass m and the ... back and forth between kinetic energy K of the bob and potential energy U of the bob-earth system We assume that U is zero at the lowest point of the pendulum orbit K is maximum in frame a, and ... example at x2 , x3 and x4 the slope of the U(x) vs x curve is zero, thus F = The slope dU/dx between x3 and x4 is negative; Thus F > for the this interval The slope dU/dx between x2 and x3 is positive;...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 00:16

... more services recently introduced in GSM Phase 21 It covers new speech services, high-rate data services, supplementary services for speech and location services, service platforms, WAP, and Advanced ... Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB), are very interesting for wireless transmission of radio and television stations as well as for audio- and video-on-demand and broadband transmission ... and termination, and handover In Chapter we give an overview of data communication and networking, and Chapter 10 deals with some aspect of network operation Finally, Chapters 11 and 12 present...

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 17:15