biochemistry of lipid synthesis in nannochloropsis

... method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Anal Biochem 72, 248–254 Jamal Z, Martin A, Gomez-Munoz A & Brindley DN ˜ (1991) Plasma ... evaluate the in uence of Arabidopsis and B napus PAHs in the metabolism of neutral lipids, we analyzed the TAG and PL content of yeast cells expressing recombinant PAHs (Fig 3B) After 48 h of induction, ... as outlined above (Figs 4B, 5B and 6B) In conclusion, amino acid substitutions in the conserved C-LIP domain, including the HAD-like motif of AtPAH1 and BnPAH1A, resulted in the loss of PAP activity...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 00:20

... factor (ATF4) and of CCAAT ⁄ enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) proteins downstream of eIF2a were observed (Fig 4A), indicating the initiation of ER stress-induced apoptosis Oleate ... group, indicating increased incorporation of palmitate (16:0) into the TAG pool only in the presence of oleate [18] The above results raise two main questions: (a) what is the cause of TAG synthesis ... divided in two phases according to the intensity and the duration of the stress An initial adaptive response culminates in the temporary inhibition of protein synthesis, providing cells with the opportunity...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Anal Biochem 72, 248–254 32 Laemmli, U.K (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the ... identifiable species In this regard, our most interesting result indicated that with increasing time of MU treatment there was a decrease in the proportion of smaller CL species and an increase in the larger ... activity of their membranes In order to examine whether possible metabolites of MU are involved in the inhibition of HA synthesis in intact cells, we performed some experiments using HPLC or ion-chromatography...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... bind to the LDL receptor family in its lipid- free state The receptorbinding region is in an amphipathic a-helix which is part of a four-helix bundle structure in the N-terminal domain, and interaction ... setting 22–24 lm, 20 min, at 56 °C) of a lipid mixture containing 70% TG extracted from oils as above, 2% cholesterol, 5% cholesteryl ester and 25% phospholipids in 0.9% (w ⁄ v) NaCl in Tricine ... following the manufacturer’s instructions 5638 Culture of THP-1 cells and experimental protocol THP-1 monocytes were maintained in suspension in RPMI 1640 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... decarboxylated again (Fig 2) The remaining EFMs are capable of producing all of the main metabolites that we are interested in Obviously, in order to produce one of the forms of lipid A or phospholipids, ... FEBS Theoretical study of lipid biosynthesis in E coli 1025 Theoretical study of lipid biosynthesis in E coli D Kenanov et al Results Lipid biosynthesis in E coli The part of lipid metabolism studied ... core EFMs producing one of the two forms of lipid A comprise 24 EFMs in the case of lipid A and 51 for lipid A (ca) In addition, there are a number of side EFMs forming lipid A [or lipid A (ca)]...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... SREBP-2 (amino acids 1–481), a transactivation domain-deleted form of SREBP1a, and a YR-mutant of SREBP-1a (substitution of tyrosine at amino acid 335 for arginine) were inserted into a pcDNA3.1(+) ... 4B) In accordance with the induction of these cdk inhibitors, SREBP-1a-expressing cells exhibited inhibition of cdk2 and cdk4 activities without any change in total protein level (Fig 4C,D); in ... 120 Relative luciferase activity Fig Induction of cdk inhibitors by nuclear SREBP-1a (A) Expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and cdk inhibitors in relation to cell-cycle progression...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... Involvement of lipid rafts in adhesion-induced activation of Met and EGFR Ying-Che Lu1 and Hong-Chen Chen1,2,3,4* Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, ... transduction pathways [11] For example, integrin α6β4, a laminin receptor, is incorporated in lipid rafts through palmitoylation at cysteine in the membrane-proximal segment of β4 tail, which subsequently ... determinant for integrin-dependent membrane rafts trafficking and regulation of growth signalling [13] In this study, we set out to examine the mechanism for adhesion-induced activation of Met...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:20

... processed into three smaller proteins: phosvitin, a phosphorus containing protein, and two lipid containing proteins, lipovitellins I and II [5-7] These become the primary substances stored as yolk In ... cultures of hepatocytes showed that AHR-ligands have an inhibitory effect on the estrogen-induced synthesis of VTG [14,15] On the other hand, conflicting findings were observed in in vivo exposures of ... concentration of E2 and/or E2 combined with increasing concentrations of TCDD As shown in Figure 1, exposure of the cells to 10 nM E2 resulted in a strong induction of the VTG gene expression Exposure of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... repression of genes involved in central carbon metabolism and purine/pyrimidine biosynthesis in B subtilis was said to occur independently of relA, and, therefore, presumably also of ppGpp synthesis, in ... are involved in alleviating stress by acetylating proteins or toxic metabolites, and exporting endogenously produced toxins from the cells remains to be determined The induction of ppGpp synthesis ... initial list of genes induced by ppGpp, qRT-PCR indicates that it is in fact positively stringently controlled, showing an approximately four-fold increase in transcription 60 minutes after induction...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... consequence of the sharing of a constant amount of LD between an increasing number of cells From our measurements, and in agreement with published data [16,17], we found that LD typically consists of ... storage of excess membrane material is possible by including a pool of membrane lipids in our model Ergosterol Phosphatidate Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidylinositol ... broken lines) TAG mobilization during pre-logarithmic growth as a function of time The thin dotted line represents a linear fit of the experimental data in the range 0.25–4 h The calculated lines...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... relationship of all of these genes remains to be clarified Expression and purification of Sno1p and Snz1p In light of the similarity in the amino acid sequence of Sno1p to that of the glutaminase subunit of ... consistently pointed to the formation of glutamate, proving unambiguously that the complex did indeed hydrolyze glutamine efficiently Kinetics of the glutaminase reaction The kinetics of glutamine hydrolysis ... analysis of protein– protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nature 403, 623–627 24 Mei, B & Zalkin, H (1989) A cysteine-histidine-aspartate catalytic triad is involved in glutamine amide...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... ferritin expression in nonpermeabilized (thin lines, – saponin) and permeabilized cells (thick lines, + saponin) cells cultured without and with iron as indicated (D) Perls’ staining of cytospins of ... impact in protein integrity, as indicated by an increase in protein-bound acrolein adducts at the cell surface, which point to acrolein-adducts as a reliable marker of lipid peroxidation also in ... with changes in intracellular lipid metabolism, we examined lipid content in iron-loaded HepG2 cells by Oil Red staining Faint lipid accumulation was observed in HepG2 cells grown in normal media...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... system of the different linolenic acid isomers is determined Plant oils containing conjugated linolenic acid derivatives are of commercial interest, since they are used as drying oils in paints ... cloned into yeast expression vectors under the control of the inducible GAL1 promoter and the encoded proteins were expressed in S cerevisiae strain INVSc1 In induced cultures of cells harboring ... between linoleic acid and c-linolenic acid, yeast cells harboring PuFADX were grown in the presence of an equimolar mixture of linoleic acid, a-linolenic acid and c-linolenic acid The resulting fatty...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... was increased to 50 lm (Fig 5D), the amount of FAD increased almost linearly in the rst 10 of the reaction, at a rate of 413 pmolặmin)1ặmg)1 protein The amount of FAD reached a maximum value of ... protein within 15 of incubation Prolonging the incubation time resulted in a signicant decrease in the amount of FAD With prolonged incubation, the hydrolytic process became relevant, causing ... quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Anal Biochem 72, 248254 Valenti D, Vacca RA, de Pinto MC, De Gara L, Marra E & Passarella S (2007) In the early phase of programmed...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... enhancement of gene expression occurs in the integument containing the black stripes Injection of 20 pmol of GBP enhanced the expression of both enzymes in the dorsal integument containing the black ... probe Actin Fig TH protein and mRNA expression in vertical sections of integument (A) Immunohistochemical staining of TH protein with the P separata anti-TH IgG (B) In situ hybridization of TH mRNA ... during the last larval molt [7] Because TH is another key enzyme in the biosynthesis of Dopa and dopamine, precursors of Dopa and dopamine melanin, respectively, the predominant black melanin of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... Effect of pCRLPs on lipid synthesis in THP-1 macrophages The effects of CRLPs and pCRLPs on lipid synthesis in THP-1 macrophages were investigated by measuring the incorporation of [3H]oleate into ... liquid scintillation counting using Lumagelsafe scintillant (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences) Preliminary experiments showed that [3H]oleate incorporation into lipids was linear over a period of h under ... effects of these compounds against cardiovascular disease [11] Dietary lipids, including fats, cholesterol and lipid- soluble antioxidants, are absorbed in the intestine and secreted into lymph in...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 16:20

... TEM image of the obtained WO3 with the addition of NaNO3, KNO3 and Na2SO4 It can be seen that no WO3 nanowires could be obtained with any content of KNO3 With an increase in the content of KNO3, ... ratio of more than 500 A TEM image of a single nanowire with diameter of about 10 nm was shown in Fig 1c The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) taken from different parts of nanowires indicated ... different kinds of inorganic salts were compared in Fig It is obvious that the crystalline phases for WO3 nanocrystals are discriminatory at different conditions The hexagonal phase of WO3 (JCPDS...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... Functional importance of lipid- facing residues in TMs of C5aR Fig Binding analysis of the wild-type and lipid- facing chimeras Competition binding analysis of the wild-type and lipid- facing chimeras was ... preference for interacting with lipids in the hydrocarbon core of the lipid bilayer [40] In TM7, for example, all five of the substitutions involved isoleucine, leucine or phenylalanine Analysis of chimeric ... decrease in binding affinity in the other chimeras was the result of protein instability and misfolding or was merely a byproduct of the localization of chimeras in the ER, cells expressing the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... SDR family member Destrin (actin-depolymerizing factor) EF-hand domain containing protein 2, Swiprosin-1 Ezrin (p81) (cytovillin) (villin-2) Heat shock 27 kDa protein Integrin a-M precursor Lysosome-associated ... Lipid raft proteomics of ALS Fig Increased plasma membrane staining of annexin II in G93A motor neurons Immunofluorescent staining of annexin II and the neuronal marker neurofilament M (NF-M) in ... precursor Serine ⁄ threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit SH3 adapter protein SPIN90 (NCK-interacting protein with SH3 domain) Sushi domain-containing protein precursor FEBS Journal...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... in 60 mL of buffer B luminol), and solution B (10 mL of dimethylsulfoxide containing 11 mg of p-hydroxycoumaric acid)] Blot membranes were incubated in a mixture of mL of solution A, 400 lL of ... important, the ion-binding site is not conserved in hairpin If one assumes the same number of hairpins in V0 and F0, the rotor of V1V0ATPases has only half the number of ion-binding sites This is ... NaCl and incubated in the presence of 200 mm KCl, thus creating a sodium ion potential (DpNa), there was no ATP synthesis (Fig 5) Upon addition of lm valinomycin, a membrane potential (DY, inside...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:20