... together by linking C4 biochemistry, C4 anatomy, andthe biogeography of C4 plants It is the efforts of these andthe many other researchers who made the telling ofthe C4 story possible Their ... examples of single-celled C4 photosynthesis (see the cover of this book) The evolutionary rise of C4 plants has altered the face ofthe Earth, and has contributed to the origin ofthe grassland biota ... understanding ofthe C4 pathway, the identification ofthe evolutionary changes within the genome during the evolution ofthe C4 pathway With these discoveries, scientists now have some ofthe key...
... 443 nm and that which disappears at 416 nm The spectra of Figs and are compared in Fig where the emphasis is on the changes occurring at 443 nm and 605 nm The progression to and out ofthe steady ... become anaerobic The time course ofthe absorbance changes at 276 K (d) and 250 K (s) are shown in (A) and (B) based on the data ofthe absorption spectra of Figs and In both panels, the data have ... to the other There is also a water cycle that is coupled to electron and proton transfer Water must enter and leave the protein for the oxidase to turnover [18,21] The function of this last cycle...
... instances the comparison ofthe profiles of G0-arrested WT cells with those ofthe other samples and conditions studied here by means of microarray hybridization Interestingly, the comparison ofthe ... documenting the occurrence of specific transcriptional profiles associated with the absence of H-Ras and/ or N-Ras during defined moments ofthe early stages ofthe cell cycle Results Analysis of serum-dependent, ... different peaks of Ras activity during the initial stages ofthe cell cycleand confirm the notion of functional specificity for the H-Ras and N-Ras isoform proteins Materials and methods Cell...
... BURNS, 1981) and ultimately the phenotype and fitness of individuals The study of metabolically related enzymes has likely potential in detecting and understanding epistasis andthe forces which ... expectations, andthe number of cases of heterozygote deficiency was as expected by chance (tabl 3) Thus, the genotypic data at the Gp locus, andthe allelic data at the Tpi h d and Adh loci, ... a greater understanding of how selection might work on such loci andofthe causal basis behind environmental correlations is required The presence of nonrandom association ofthe alleles at all...
... showed the plateau in growth during the last quarter ofthecycle This distinction between single cells and synchronous cultures does of course depend on the frequency and accuracy ofthe data ... If the points have too much scatter, the fine detail ofthe single cell linear patterns is lost There is also a second RCP at the end ofthecycle A much more detailed analysis of populations of ... interferometry and then placed it in thecycle by following it as it moved about until it divided The difference in timing between the measurement and cell division gave the timing in thecycle A second...
... case of MZ with mirror-imaging of AC in the literature In this case, we describe the second case of MZ with mirror-imaging of AC and discuss the possible clinical implications First, Helland and ... lack of systematic monitoring and follow-up Therefore, a large percentage of patients with AC are probably undiscovered Mirror images, on the other hand, are present in approximately 25% of MZ Therefore, ... consider that it is mandatory to monitor the counterpart ofthe symptomatic patient with AC as early as possible, irrespective ofthe absence of symptoms Conflict of Interest The authors have declared...
... craniotomy because ofthe proximity ofthe sinus to the orbit andthe anterior skull base [5] The frequency of bilateral absence ofthe frontal sinus has been reported in 3-4% to 10% of several populations ... reliability between observers and was 0.86 Fig Unilateral absence ofthe frontal sinus; on the right, the absence ofthe frontal sinus, and on the left, the limited aeration ofthe frontal sinus; axial ... sinuses, although there is only one frontal sinus ostium The size ofthe sinus and, therefore, its anatomic relationships also depend upon the extent of pneumatization [11] The extent of pneumatization...
... occurrence ofthe tumor corresponded exactly one to the other; and (4) there was a more than one year interval between trauma andthe appearance ofthe tumor As regards the pathogenesis of post-traumatic ... time interval between trauma andthe appearance ofthe tumor of at least year, a longer latent period increasing the likelihood of a causal relationship The presence ofthe tumor must be proved histologically ... at the time ofthe trauma demonstrating significant injury andthe follow-up scans demonstrating tumor at the same site4 With the routine use of CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), some of...
... circumstances In the resolutions ofthe VIth andthe VIIth congresses ofthe Communists Party and those ofthe important meeting ofthe National Assembly, the Government andthe Central Party ... assessment the demand of skilled labor and how to solve the gap between demand and supply of skilled labor for sustainable economic growth in Vietnam Objectives ofthe Study The objectives ofthe study ... building up the whole system It is hoped that these schools (10-15% ofthe sector) will reach the standards ofthe best institutions in the region and gradually those ofthe world While these school...
... component of most management definitions of strategy Strategy is the determination ofthe basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprises, andthe adoption of courses of action andthe allocation ... features 60 As a rule, then, the lower the price of substitutes, the higher the quality andthe performance, andthe lower the user’s switching costs, the more intense are the competitive pressures ... market conditions in the supplier industry andthe significance ofthe item they supply The competitive fore of suppliers is greatly diminished whenever the item they provide is a standard commodity...
... including the rationale ofthe study, the identification ofthe problem, the objectives, the scope and limitations as well as the methodology and framework ofthe study Chapter shows the literature ... 2000 and 80% by 2005 • To improve the quality of plastic products to meet the demand of high quality consumer products ofthe country, then to increase the quantity and expand varieties of export ... simplified, the level of knowledge ofthe management organizations and officers in charge of investment are now improved The consolidation ofthe former SCCI and SPC into one Ministry, which is now the...
... polymerization of styrene andthe blending of PS and SPS polymers have affected the surface structure ofthe PVDF membrane obviously The cross-section morphologies ofthe PVDF membrane, the PVDF-PS ... Thermal analysis ofthe PVDF-SPS composite membrane The TG analysis curve is presented in Figure for the investigation ofthe thermal stability ofthe PVDF membrane, PVDF-PS membrane, andthe PVDF-SPS ... to prepare the PVDF composite membrane The structure andthe morphology ofthe PVDF-SPS composite membrane were characterized The proton conductivity andthe methanol permeability ofthe PVDF-SPS...
... problems with the connected devices andthe speakers are turned on Gathering information is by far the most important step ofthe troubleshooting cycle Step Given the above scenario, what are the most ... verifying the proper installation ofthe sound card in the PCI slot If the problem still exists, check for system resource conflicts Finally, update or reinstall the driver Step The first aspect ofthe ... solution involves gathering correct information, knowledge ofthe computer components, andthe ability to recognize symptoms The problem has been isolated to a bad installation ofthe sound card -...
... fluid, and therefore the fluid pressure The smaller flow area, the higher velocity ofthe fluid The static pressure ofthe fluid drops as the square ofthe velocity increase and will reach the vapour ... as the return conduit andthe tubing as the power fluid string For this type of installation, the production of free gas through the pump causes reduction in the ability to handle liquids The ... data it is referred to the thesis The analysis ofthe data followed the model of Petrie, Wilson and Smart (PWS) This model is based on conservation of mass and energy, and is widely familiar...
... participation All of these, except for professional services, contributed positively both to the sectoral shift in self-employment andthe class shift At the other end ofthe spectrum, 11 ofthe 12 sectors ... at the decomposition of these effects on self-employment, the picture becomes somewhat more complex In both the 1970s andthe 1980s, the detailed sectors ofthe economy within which there was the ... at the sector-shifts From the 1950s on, there is a steady reduction ofthe effect of declines in the extractive sector (primarily agriculture) on selfemployment Agriculture is the sector of the...
... important are other bureaucratic entities, like the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Atomic Energy, the Ministry of Defence andthe Navy.62 In general, the domestic clout ofthe Russian environmental ... composed of municipal representatives from the three North Norwegian fylker of Nordland,Troms and Finnmark, the northernmost Swedish and Finnish län Norrbotten, Västerbotten, Lappland and Oulu – and ... Agreement Between the Government ofthe United States of America andthe Government ofthe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning Cooperation in Combatting Pollution in the Bering and Chukchi...
... Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan (Republic of China) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine ... Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent andthe Grenadines Samoa ... NLD 149 Netherlands Antilles ANT 150 New Caledonia NCL 151 New Zealand NZL 152 Nicaragua NIC 153 Niger NER 154 Nigeria NGA 155 Niue NIU 156 Norfolk Island NFK 157 Northern Mariana Islands MNP...
... until the end ofthe 14th century Illiteracy was not seen as a problem until the end after the invention of printing in the 15th century The first significant decline in illiteracy came with the ... attack on illiteracy as one of their goals, with the former Soviet Union, China, and Cuba being among the most successful in the 20th century According to the passage, the anti-illiteracy a adults ... instructors for the public Throughout most of history most people have been illiterate In former society, the ability to read and write was of value only to clergy and aristocracy The first known...