binary and anisotropic photonic crystals

... orders@intechopen.com Photonic Crystals – Innovative Systems, Lasers and Waveguides, Edited by Alessandro Massaro p cm ISBN 978-953-51-0416-2       Contents   Preface IX Part Photonic Crystal Laser and Photonic ... system for aqueous environment by means of photonic crystal fibre, nonlinear and multi channel systems, silicon and chalcogenide photonic crystals, and spectroscopy systems The goal of this section ... of (a) in-plane and (b) vertical direction at point (F) (or M3 mode); ki and kd indicate incident and diffracted light wave 16 Photonic Crystals – Innovative Systems, Lasers and Waveguides Angular-resolved...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... stop and pass bands For higher-order bands, it can be explained in terms of the generalized cutoffs/thresholds passband stop band passband passband passband R passband passband passband passband ... to the Floquet-Bloch wave passband stop band passband passband passband T passband passband T k (a) stop band k (b) Fig Example of composition of pass and stop bands of PC that affects k-domain ... 34 Photonic Crystals – Introduction, Applications and Theory passband stop band passband passband passband R passband passband R k (a) stop band k (b) Fig Same as Fig but in case when k m  k...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 14:20

... binary and integral encodings be M ∈ M[2] and N ∈ M, respectively Then for m ∈ N, ↑ ← ← em (M ) is defined if and only if em (N ) is defined, and if so, e↑ (M ) and em (N ) are m respectively the binary ... to be 0 4 5 1 6 S= 2 6 (31) 6   and its binary and integral encodings are indeed the binary matrix Q above and the integral matrix P , respectively The matrices L and S are the ones associated ... orderings ‘≤ ’ and ‘≤ ’ on N2 are defined by (i, j) ≤ (k, l) if and only if i ≤ k and j ≤ l, respectively by (i, j) ≤ (k, l) if and only if i ≤ k and j ≥ l b For skew shapes λ/κ and ν/µ, a picture...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 13:21

... Three-dimensional colloidal crystals formed from monodisperse particles possess photonic stop bandgaps One of the promising methods of fabricating photonic crystals with complete photonic bandgaps is to fill ... treatment on the photonic bandgap properties of colloidal photonic crystals The last one is to fabricate surfactant-assisted TiO2 photonic crystals using colloidal crystal templating and to prove ... colloidal crystals as three-dimensional photonic crystals The effects of surfactants on the structure of polystyrene colloidal crystals and the effects of pre-heating treatment on the photonic bandgap...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 22:32

... nm whose corresponding bands are denoted as Band I and Band II, respectively The center wavelength and FWHM bandwidth of these bands are 1420 nm and 1512.5 nm, and 20 nm and 35 nm, respectively ... birefringence in photonic crystal cavities, propa‐ gation in anisotropic photonic crystals, threshold analysis in photonic crystal lasers, gap solitons in photonic crystals, novel photonic atolls, ... Nanobeam Cavities Single and Coupled Nanobeam Cavities Aliaksandra M Ivinskaya, Andrei V Lavrinenko, Dzmitry M Shyroki and Andrey A Sukhorukov Aliaksandra M Ivinskaya, Andrei V Lavrinenko, Additional...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 22:20

... [13] and thermal photovoltaic power generation [14] Besides these advantages, PCs can be used for radiation suppression and emission enhancement below the electronic band gap and near a photonic ... close, coupled to a lower one via the same and single field continuum and damped by the MPC interaction Metallic Photonic Crystals Recently, theoretical and experimental studies have shown that ... correct physics and exhibits many of the observed and computed characteristics of 3D MPC which opens a band gap in the rage of visible frequencies [7, 29, 30] In many photonic band structure calculations...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... material and 2,4-D the guest anion For ZANDI, a band at 3,438 cm-1 corresponds to the OH internal hydrogen bond, while a band at 1,614 cm-1 corresponds to the carboxylate ion and this band overlapped ... 18 h with continuous agitation The ZAN and ZANDI formed were cooled, centrifuged and washed several times, dried and kept in sample bottles for further use and characterizations Characterization ... appeared at 768 cm-1 and 804 cm-1 [32] The other two bands that appeared at 620 and 428 cm-1 can be attributed to the Al–OH and Zn–Al–OH bonding vibrations, respectively Band at 1,384 cm-1 in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... pertain to three random variables: two quantitative (e.g., calf’s birth weight and dam’s pelvic opening) and one binary (e.g., easy vs difficult calving) Let the data for birth weight and dam’s pelvic ... and Z are known matrices arising from writing (12b) and (12c) as , 2 vectors Now, suppose for simplicity that X is a matrix such that all factors and levels in X, and X are represented in X and ... contingency table, is modeled as where X and Z are known row vectors, JJ3 and U3 : : residual Likewise, the models for birth weight and are unknown vectors, and e is , i pelvic opening are a Define...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... trường hợp mạng tinh thể photonic Sự khác mạng thường sử dụng bề mặt ranh giới với môi trường ngoài, tinh thể photonic dùng bên Nguyễn Đức Vương Các cấu trúc tinh thể photonic nhận vào năm 1987 ... Việt Nam có nhiều nghiên cứu chế tạo tính chất tinh thể photonic, hướng nghiên cứu nghiên cứu chế tạo tinh thể photonic chế tạo tinh thể photonic 1D tinh thể opal nhân tạo 3D, việc đưa chấm lượng ... mờ vùng cấm photonic 12 Nguyễn Đức Vương Trong v ùng cấm photonic trạng thái điện từ tồn cả, hay nói cách khác mode điện từ phép để truyền qua tinh thể ,mà có tần số nằm vùng cấm photonic Ta...

Ngày tải lên: 16/11/2014, 17:02

... có độ rông vùng cấm quang tử hình sau: TM Band Gap (Rod) 0.9 0.8 Band1 frequency (c/a) 0.7 Band2 0.6 Band3 0.5 Band4 0.4 Band5 0.3 Band6 Band7 0.2 Band8 0.1 Γ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 M k K Γ Hình ... sóng TE có độ rông vùng cấm quang tử sau: TE Band Gap (Hole) 0.7 Band1 frequency (c/a) 0.6 Band2 0.5 Band3 0.4 Band4 0.3 Band5 Band6 0.2 Band7 0.1 Band8 Γ M 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 k K Γ Hình 25: ... which-band) (output-dfield-x which-band) (output-dfield-y which-band) (output-dfield-z which-band) tính cảm ứng điện (D) vùng cần tính toán (output-efield which-band) (output-efield-x which-band)...

Ngày tải lên: 25/03/2015, 11:58

... Experimental and theoretical data are denoted by symbols and continuous curves respectively Measured bandgaps are indicated by shaded bands, and Brillouin zone boundaries by vertical dashed lines P1 and ... hypersonic phononic crystals is of the order of optical light wavelength, thus they can exhibit dual phononic and photonic bandgaps and enhance photon-phonon interactions [17] These photonicphononic ... lines their corresponding folded dispersions Measured Bragg and hybridization bandgaps are represented by green and pink bands respectively, and BZ boundaries by dotted-dashed lines………………………………………...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:01

... two-dimensional photonic crystals are presented with optimal band gaps of various configurations, e.g., absolute band gaps, complete band gaps, and multiple band gap In chapter 5, we study the band width ... to the its efficiency and robustness of handling this type of spectral objective and constraints The optimal design problems for both band gap and band width in the respective photonic crystal devices ... structures and the field intensity, example D 131 5.8 Optimal PCF structures and the field intensity, example E 132 xiii Chapter Introduction 1.1 1.1.1 Background Photonic crystals Photonic crystals...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:49

... (Irving and Williams, 1948). In addition, geometry of the metal­ligand complexes also influences  the metal­ligand interactions. With various types of metal ions and ligands available,  metal­ligand interactions have been applied for chemical sensing in many past studies  ... metal­ligand  interactions,  overlapped  orbitals  of  metal  ions  and ligands  re­  hybridize and electrons transfer change the electronic energy levels within the hybrid  orbitals  (Miessler  and ... of  metal­ligand  interactions  depend  on the nature of metal ions and ligands. Ligands with strong interactions create large  energy  level  splitting  of  metal  ions  d  orbitals  and force ...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... multiple band gaps optimization problems, and is explained through an example Assume the band gaps to be optimized is the th band gap (between the th and ( + 1)th eigenvalues) and the mth band gap ... gap-midgap ratios of 5.76% and 6.94% are quite sizable – and are the first multiple and complete band gaps ever reported for photonic crystals in the hexagonal lattice This photonic crystal structure ... on the optimal design of photonic crystals with single band gap [44].) Figure 4.15 shows solutions for optimizing the first and fourth TE band gaps for both the square and hexagonal lattices (with...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:52

... results and extensive optimal designs of the two-dimensional photonic crystals are presented with optimal band gaps of various configurations, e.g., absolute band gaps, complete band gaps, and multiple ... single-mode photonic crystal fiber at 1.30 and 1.55 µm Journal of lightwave technology, 24(2):825, 2006 [33] C Y Kao, S Osher, and E Yablonovitch Maximizing band gaps in two-dimensional photonic crystals ... fraction and absolute acoustic band gap in the audible frequency range: A theoretical and experimental study Physical Review E, 65(5):56608, 2002 [59] H Wolkowicz, R Saigal, and L Vandenberghe Handbook...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:53

... (5.1.5) We also prescribe a left-hand limit βmin = 0, and right-hand limit βmax for the propagation constant, whose purpose is related to the computation of βL and βR , which will be discussed ... Although the SDP and linear relaxation introduced via our algorithm have proven to be efficient for the band gap optimization of the two-dimensional photonic crystal, the linearization and approximation ... first eigenfunction ˆ intensity at β1 and β respectively (third and forth rows), as well as the second eigenfunction ˆ intensity at β1 and β respectively (fifth and last rows) The middle column illustrates...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:53

... with band width Jh = 0.014 (β1 = 0.79); (middle) optimal configuration when only cladding is optimized, with band width ˆ Jh = 0.074 (β1 = 0.74); (right) optimal configuration when both cladding and ... 0.074 (β1 = 0.74); (right) optimal configuration when both cladding and ˆ core are optimized, with band width Jh = 0.1 (β1 = 0.72) The first row illustrates the PCF cross-sections The second row shows ... corresponding disperˆ sion relations between [β1 , β ] From the third row to the last, the magnetic field ˆ1 and β are shown in 3D surf plots intensities at both β 131 ...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:53

... electrons, photonic crystals open an opportunity of controlling the behavior of photons by the photonic bandgap According to the dimensionality that the photonic bandgap works, photonic crystals ... 2.1 Fabrication of Photonic Crystals ………………………………………… 2.1.1 The “top-down” approaches to 3D photonic crystals ………… ……9 2.1.2 Colloidal self-assembly approaches to photonic crystals ……… ……15 2.1.2.1 ... namely one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional photonic crystals Due to the high cost and difficulty of fabricating three-dimensional photonic crystals using traditional lithography...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:01

... between the light wave and the lattice wave in nonlinear photonic crystal The diffraction model was successfully applied to nonlinear photonic crystals with both one- and two-dimensional Bravais ... nonlinear photonic crystals ICMAT 2007, 1-6 July 2007, Singapore H C Guo, S H Tang Title: “Micro-structural designs and parametric processes in electrically poled nonlinear photonic crystals ... of quasi -crystals [1.84] From then on, large numbers of theoretical and experimental works have been done on the researches of - 32 - structures and spectra of quasi -crystals In 1985 and 1986,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 13:11

... microscope Nonlinear Photonic Crystals for Frequency Conversion of Infrared Light 27 Chapter Fabrication of Nonlinear Photonic Crystals 3.3 One- and Two- dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals Observation ... 1064 nm Nonlinear Photonic Crystals for Frequency Conversion of Infrared Light 19 Chapter Fabrication of Nonlinear Photonic Crystals Chapter Fabrication of Nonlinear Photonic Crystals The stage ... in photonic crystals, nonlinear behavior becomes prominent and these structures are alternatively hailed as “nonlinear photonic crystals Certainly, we would also require that these nonlinear photonic...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 23:07