behavior of real gases at low temperature

... including cell-fate specification, regulation of differentiation, and control of cell proliferation and movement [45]. Recently, we have shown that activation of the heat- shock response in the ciliate T. ... followed by 45 cycles of denaturation at 95 °C for 30 s and annealing and extension at 60 °C for 15 s each. Following amplification, melting curve analysis of the DNA was performed at tem- peratures ... that facilitate template nucleation of microtu- bules by the c-tubulin ring complex at cold temperatures. Abbreviations qPCR, quantitative PCR; RATE, rapid amplification of telomeric ends; TuRC, tubulin...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... rate of ATP hydrolysis) for the reactions were calculated. K m(ATP) was determined at a saturating concen- tration (1 lm) of ssDNA, and K m(DNA) was calculated at a saturating concentration of ... significance of the RecD- associated ATPase activity required during the growth of P. syringae at low temperature (4 °C). The very low (but non-zero) ATPase activity of RecD (approxi- mately 8–10% of the ... (Graphpad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). In each case, V max (maximal rate of ATP hydroly- sis), K m(ATP) (ATP concentration at the half-maximal rate of reaction) and K m(DNA) (DNA concentration at the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... research also reveals that the issue becomes more severe for cables exposed to initially high temperatures (greater than 50˚C) prior to their exposure to low temperatures. Attenuation loss can be as ... governing this application, ADC has concluded that in some - but not all - cases, loose tube OSP cable, dielectric or armored, can experience excessive attenuation loss at low temperatures (0˚C to ... information from a 1998 Bellcore white paper that outlined similar problems with certain fibers in varying temperature environments. The paper, entitled "Time- and Temperature- Dependent Material...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 20:15

... right panel). At low pH, bk cat is larger than k cat , but at high pH bk cat is smaller than k cat .Thatistosay, A328W goes from substrate activation, at low pH, to substrate inhibition, at high pH. ... between bk cat and k cat at high pH is large relative to the difference at low pH, and the difference between bk cat at high pH and bk cat at low pH is relatively large (Fig. 5). In all of these ... titratable, with pK a values of 6.0–6.6, suggesting that the catalytic histidine is protonated at pH 5. The existence of activity when the catalytic histidine is protonated indicates that the catalytic-triad...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... that is thought to realistically mimic the interior of the protein matrix. Urea-mediated denaturation The urea-mediated denaturation of Ngb and Mb was fol- lowed by monitoring the ellipticity at ... systematic analysis of the effect of acid on the denaturation of 20 small monomeric proteins revealed that the exposure of a protein to an acid solution can induce a wide range of conformational ... desired denaturant concen- tration for 5 h at 25 °C in order to attain equilibrium. Denaturation of holoNgb or holoMb was performed in 20 mm Tris ⁄ HCl and 0.15 m NaCl (pH 7.0), and that of apoNgb...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... less constant, indicative of the presence of a non-native stable intermediate at low pH. The emission spectrum of stem bromelain at pH 7.0 (Fig. 2) shows a maximum at 347 nm that suggests that some of the ... han that of t he possible molten globule state at pH 0.8 but greater than that of the native state. Acrylamide quenching data clearly show that stem bromelain at p H 2.0 is in an u nfolded state ... conformational state that is different from the native state at pH 7.0 as well as completely unfolded state in the presence of 6 M GdnHCl. Figure 3 shows the near UV CD spectra of the native state of...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 00:21

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Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... undifferentiated state of hESC is affected by exposure to low temperature. The degree of spontaneous differentiation of low temperature- exposed hESC colonies was assessed by morphological observations ... results demonstrated that the majority of hESC survived exposure to low temperature for extended durations. Spontaneous differentiation of hESC after exposure to low temperature Following serial ... chromosomal aberrations. 3. Results Survival rate of hESC after exposure to low temperature As seen in Table 1, the MTT assay yielded lower raw absorbance values upon incubation at 25 o C and...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 16:57

... limited capacities to cope with low temperature, plants from temperate climates, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, grow at low temperature and can increase their freezing tol- erance when exposed to low but nonfreezing ... correlation between changes in the regulation of central carbohydrate metabolism and freezing tolerance [4,8]. In Arabidopsis, the development of leaves at low temperature causes reprogramming of Keywords acclimation ... the rate of assimilate export to sink organs. A comprehensive overview of interconversion rates is pre- sented, from which accession-specific regulation strategies during exposure to low temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... obser - vations are not included in this analysis. The SPR F=0 was calculated using estimates of natural mortality, weight at age, and maturity at age. Maturity and weight at age were usually estimated ... that often show no strong reduction of recruitment at low spawner abundances over the range of the observations. This erroneous belief is caused by the lack of attention paid to the information ... fishery-independent esti - mates of abundance, do not have a large amount of aging data, and often assume that the population is at the unfished equilibrium at the beginning of the fishery. It is critical...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20

... investigate the effect of treatment temperature. Upon thermal treatment at 500 °C for 1 h, the titanate nano- sheets were converted into anatase TiO 2 (Fig. 1f), with slightly deformation of their structures ... titanate showed high photocatalytic activity for H 2 evolution from water splitting reaction. Moreover, the sample heat treated at 500 °C exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than that of commercial ... size at rather low temperature. In this work, we report a simple hydrothermal approach for preparation of spherical titanate nanosheets by a novel 2-step method combining the synthesis of spherical...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... identification by modulating temperatures of SnO 2 -based thick film sensors, Sens. Actuators B 43 (1997) 45–51. [25] S. Nakata, T. Nakamura, K. Kato, K. Yoshikawa, Discrimination and quantification of ... temperature profile for each type of sensor. In this way, measuring the response of one sensor at n different temperatures is similar to having an array of n sensors working at fixed temperature. In ... used to generate the desired concentrations of ethanol and H 2 S in synthetic dry air (80% N 2 and 20% O 2 ) at a constant flow rate of 1 l/min. The working temperature of the sensor was modulated by...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... exclusion chromatography of dK58-b2m incubated at 310 K [10]. The NMR data clearly indicate that the overall fold- ing pattern of the cleaved b2m variants is very similar to that of the wt protein. ... close similarity of the patterns is readily appreciated. The excellent resolution of the resonances in Fig. 10 could not be exploited for quantitation of the relative con- centrations of the two forms ... the expected pattern of the I 2 interme- diate that was unambiguously recognized in previous studies of other b2m variants [21,22]. The best estimate of the equilibrium populations of the fully...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20