basic architecture software for mac

... partly meet the requirements for the types of tasks/ exercises for language points. The tasks for reading included in the material were various with different types. For example, reading the text ... practice these sub- skills. Concerning the sub-skill of asking for information, 37.5% teachers agreed that students were required to ask for information, while 62.5% of them disagreed. This proves that ... effective method to collect the data for the study. As Robinson (1991: 71) said it can provide useful information and “form an essential part of the data for an evaluation exercise”. In this...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:50

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2013, 15:00

... Guide Chapter 1: General Information 1: General Information Introduction Asian 2003 is a software program for the Next Generation Information System (NGIS) tool. With the software installed in the ... enter new information for a vehicle, go to step 4 and then step 6. ã To reuse saved information for a vehicle already tested go to step 5 and then step 6. 4 To enter new information for a vehicle, ... (see Figure 3.2 on page 16). 4 Software Description Asian 2003 User Guide Software Description Software Installation Before using the Asian 2003 software, the software must be installed in the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 21:16

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

... client then calls the servers for pa- rameters to perform synchronous multi-stack search for each sentence to get the N-best list parse trees. Again, the expected count for a particular parameter of ... language models for statistical machine transla- tion. MT Summit IX., Intl. Assoc. for Machine Trans- lation. C. Chelba and F. Jelinek. 1998. Exploiting syntactic structure for language modeling. The ... Distributed architecture is essentially a MapRe- duce paradigm: clients store partitioned data and per- form E-step: compute expected counts, this is Map; servers store parameters (counts) for M-step...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... models in machine translation. In Proc. of EMNLP-CoNLL, pages 858–867. P. Chang, M. Galley, and C. Manning. 2008. Optimiz- ing Chinese word segmentation for machine transla- tion performance. ... 2004. A smor- gasbord of features for statistical machine transla- tion. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL. F. Och. 2003. Minimum error rate training for statisti- cal machine translation. In Proc. of ... Chinese syntactic reordering for statistical machine transla- tion. In Proc. of EMNLP-CoNLL, pages 737–745. D. Wu. 1996. A polynomial-time algorithm for statis- tical machine translation. In Proc....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... chain, it is relatively easy for the system to identify the verb-object collocation break-record. 5 Conclusion Demand for terminological tools for readers of material in a foreign language, either ... L stands for the possibly empty list of left constituents, X for the (possibly empty) head of the phrase and R for the (possibly empty) list of right constituents. The possible values for X are ... position the cursor on the specific word for which help is requested, or navigate word by word in the sentence. ã For each word, the system retrieves from the tagged information the relevant lexeme and consults...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Association for Computational Linguistics A Discriminative Syntactic Word Order Model for Machine Translation Pi-Chuan Chang ∗ Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 pichuan@stanford.edu Kristina ... model for machine translation which makes use of both syntactic and surface information. The framework for our statistical model is as fol- lows. We assume the existence of a dependency tree for ... error were 4% for Per- mutations and 2% for TargetProjective, computed on reference sentences. We compare the performance in BLEU of orders selected from both spaces. We evaluate the perfor- mance...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... integer variable for each pair of hotels Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation Ulrich Germann , Michael Jahr , Kevin Knight , Daniel Marcu , and Kenji Yamada Information Sciences ... Computer Science University of Southern California Stanford University 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 1001 Stanford, CA 94305 Marina del Rey, CA 90292 jahr@cs.stanford.edu germann,knight,marcu,kyamada @isi.edu Abstract A ... before returning to the start. how to express MT decoding (Model 4 plus En- glish bigrams) in IP format. We first create a salesman graph like the one in Figure 3. To do this, we set up a city for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... significant almost all training conditions for both languages; BLEU improvements are significant in all conditions for Finnish and for the two smallest training sets for German. The effect on the overall ... applied before training and after gener- ating the output in the target language. Normaliza- tion of English/German inflectional morphology to base forms for the purpose of word alignment is performed ... (Zitouni et al., 2003) for language modeling and by (Gildea, 2001) for semantic role labeling. (Resnik et al., 2001) used backoff trans- lation lexicons for cross-language information re- trieval....

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... issue in machine translation. In this paper we describe a technical solution for the issue, and reSent the performance evaluation of a machine trans- tion system on telegraphic messages before ... most likely tag for each word is assigned, contextual transformations are used to improve the accuracy. We have evaluated the tagger performance on the TEST Data both before and after training ... experiment. For this experiment, the subjects were asked to study a number of MUC- II sentences, and create about 20 MUC-II-like sentences. These 121 Ambiguity Resolution for Machine Translation...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... Accounting Transactions 13 Basic Accounting Supplement for Using Simply Accounting Version 8.0 for Windows by M. Purbhoo and D. Purbhoo Basic Accounting Supplement for Using Simply Accounting ... deal, because of this potential for bias. Basic Accounting Supplement for Using Simply Accounting Version 8 Page 3 of 13 Purbhoo & Purbhoo ACCOUNTING THEORY Basic Accounting Accounting is ... such as annual statements to shareholders, income statements for income tax purposes and for normal business decisions, etc. This need for reporting changes regularly creates the need to measure...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 15:21

... 10 Edmundson and Hays Word: a form that represents a set of forms differing only in inflection. For example, "great" and "greater" are forms of the same word, while "great* ... used here was designed for convenient machine printing. 2. H.P. Edmundson, D.G. Hays, E.K.Renner, and R.I.Sutton, "Studies in Machine Translation — 4: Manual for Pre-editing Russian ... marks before and after the occurrence, and the Russian form of the oc- currence. In order to record all of the information needed in translation and analysis, two cards are required for each...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... Association for Computational Linguistics Discriminative Modeling of Extraction Sets for Machine Translation John DeNero and Dan Klein Computer Science Division University of California, Berkeley {denero,klein}@cs.berkeley.edu Abstract We ... model outperforms both un- supervised and supervised word aligners at pre- dicting word alignments and extraction sets. We also demonstrate that extraction sets are useful for end-to-end machine ... are useful for training alignment models (Fraser and Marcu, 2006; Fraser and Marcu, 2007). The ITG gram- mar formalism, the corresponding word alignment class, and inference procedures for the class...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Semantic Roles (Gimenez and Marquez, 2007) proposed using deeper linguistic information to evaluate MT per- formance. For evaluation in the ACL-07 MT work- shop, the authors used the metric which ... overlaps SR-O r -t for all the different se- mantic roles t that are found in the system and ref- erence translation sentence. A uniform average of the counts is then taken as the score for the sen- tence ... sentences for Europarl and 2,007 English sentences for News Commentary) and their translations in various lan- guages. As part of the workshop, correlations of the automatic metrics were measured for...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 11:20