basic alterations in cells and tissues
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTED PATIENTS IN THE ERA OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) IN DAR ES SALAAM MUNICIPAL, TANZANIA pdf
... activities include agriculture, livestock, natural resources, fishing and large and small scale industries The main business activities include insurance, travel, clearing and forwarding agencies, ... services including reproductive health and family planning, social and spiritual support and home-based care services Since TB and HIV services have been integrated in every CTC and TB screening has ... Zidovudine, Stavudine, Lamivudine, Abacavir, Emtricitabine, Didanosine; Non NRTIs are Nevirapine and Efavirenz; and PIs are Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Atazanavir.The first line recommended regimen in...
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báo cáo hóa học:"Medication diaries do not improve outcomes with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kenyan children: a randomized clinical trial" pot
... stavudine and lamivudine, in combination with nevirapine, are available in a few African countries [10] Practical aids, including calendars and pill boxes, are also encouraged based on findings ... Ninety children had any follow-up information available and 67 (68%) children, including 33 (62%) in the diary arm and 34 (74%) in the control arm (p = 0.21), had follow-up information at nine ... were invited to the research clinic where further indepth counselling was done Those who consented were enrolled into the study Clinical evaluation and anthropometry was performed at baseline and...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Immunological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy following treatment for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV-1: a study in Côte d’Ivoire" pdf
... a single, peripartum dose of nevirapine N Engl J Med 2007, 356(2):135-147 World Health Organization: Antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants in ... M, Cunningham S, Mirochnick M, Musoke P, Fleming T, Glenn Fowler M, Mofenson LM, Mmiro F, Jackson JB: Selection and fading of resistance mutations in women and infants receiving nevirapine to ... routinely monitored and recorded in our study area Such data is important to fully understand the dynamics and rate of treatment failure in our population Switching treatments without using viral...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Barriers to accessing highly active antiretroviral therapy by HIV-positive women attending an antenatal clinic in a regional hospital in western Uganda" pot
... trustworthiness of the findings by validating results obtained from the interviews Data collection and analysis In- depth, face-to-face interviews and the FGD were conducted using an interview ... from findings on barriers to HAART access in the literature, along with advice provided by health professionals and experts in the field (in Uganda and in Canada) The interview and FGD guides included ... counselling and testing, single-dose nevirapine and/ or combination HAART to eligible HIV-positive mothers and family members, using eligibility criteria according to the national guidelines for...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Birth outcomes in South African women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective observational study" pdf
... eligible for HAART initiated lopinavir/ritonavir, stavudine and lamivudine First-line therapy at CMJH consisted of nevirapine, stavudine, and lamivudine In both hospitals, efavirenz was initiated after ... following HAART is warranted in African settings, particularly within routine clinical services at public sector ARV clinics We previously examined the effects of different HAART regimens and duration ... count below 200 cells/ mm3 or an AIDS-defining illness Further, clade C is the most common HIV strain in the country, and HIV is predominately acquired during heterosexual sex, with insignificant...
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Báo cáo y học: " Injection drug use and patterns of highly active antiretroviral therapy use: an analysis of ALIVE, WIHS, and MACS cohort" ppt
... abacavir- or tenofovir-containing regimen with at least NRTIs, 4) a regimen containing ritonavir and saquinavir and one NRTI, and no NNRTIs Combinations of zidovudine and stavudine were not considered ... using a PI decreased from 98% in ALIVE, 94% in MACS, and 93% in WIHS in July 1997 to 51%, 56%, and 56% respectively in January 2004 Figure displays trends in HAART switching, downshifting and ... within a year using generalized estimating equation techniques Second, the prevalence of switching, downshifting and discontinuation over time was examined To determine whether history of injection...
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Báo cáo y học: "Magnitude and determinants of nonadherence and nonreadiness to highly active antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross - sectional study" ppsx
... clinics during the study period and able to give informed consent were included in the study Data collection Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires which include ... medication The last indicator, having goals was assessed by asking whether the patient is developing and maintaining specific goals when living with HIV Goals could be relatively long-term, intermediate, ... analysis and drafted the manuscript for publication FB, AM and AG assisted in data collection and reviewed the initial and final drafts of the manuscript FE and US interpreted the results, and reviewed...
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Báo cáo y học: "Outcomes of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the context of universal access to healthcare: the U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study" ppt
... infection and CD4 reconstitution [48] in addition to increased AIDS events despite a lack of evidence for these findings in a previous prospective study [49] Although conflicting findings abound in ... within the military medical system allowing for an evaluation of HAART response in a U.S clinical setting with free and open access to healthcare and medications After stratifying patients into ... HAART initiation and baseline CD4 count) This likely reflects differences in treatment guideline recommendations that were followed in each era and the fact that many patients starting HAART in...
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Báo cáo y học: "Immune restoration disease and changes in CD4+ T-cell count in HIV- infected patients during highly active antiretroviral therapy at Zewditu" ppsx
... stage I and the predominant HAART regimen given was 1b (combination of lamivudine, stavudine and efavirenz) followed by 1a (combinations of lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine), 1d (combination ... Wall J, Ying J, Fichtenbaum CJ: Immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV: validating a case definition and identifying clinical predictors in persons initiating antiretroviral therapy Clin Inf Dis ... is in line with a previous study conducted elsewhere (8) Our finding of TB/IRD in majority of the IRD patients (9.7%) is in accordance with studies conducted in India, Thailand and Texas in which...
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Báo cáo y học: " Unintegrated HIV-1 provides an inducible and functional reservoir in untreated and highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated patients" potx
... latently infected resting CD4+ T cells Figure In vitro model of latently infected resting CD4+ T cells A The experimental approach was validated using in vitro latently infected resting CD4+ T cells ... continual replenishing of the pool of infected resting CD4+ T lymphocytes harboring unintegrated HIV-1 DNA In sustained responder to HAART, the results obtained using the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor ... membranes of dead cells allow for the fluorescent 7amino-actinomycin D (7AAD) internalization and nuclear DNA binding, and viable cells were defined as the percentage of 7AAD negative events in the monoparametric...
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Báo cáo y học: "Longitudinal microarray analysis of cell surface antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV+ individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy" doc
... Patients received combination antiretroviral therapy, which included: zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir and/ or saquinavir All the patients ... significantly higher levels in SR than in TR (C) and (D) showed significantly lower levels in SR than in TR Squares in pink and circles in blue represent cell binding density values for SR and TR patients, ... CD5 and CD95; (B) CD27, CD28 and CD36 Median cell binding values are linked by solid lines; bars indicate the 25th and 75th quartile values The mean binding value of healthy controls at a single...
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Báo cáo y học: "Survival trends in critically ill HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era" ppsx
... patterns and survival in the pre-ART and post-ART eras The results were conflicting, with some studies finding no significant differences [8,14] and another study showing a significant increase in ... and cytologic findings, and then validated by a multidisciplinary panel according to predefined criteria Daily discussions between intensivists, consultants in infectious diseases and adequate ... Cloud JW, Jain CL, Burns D, Berggren RE: Changes in mortality related to human immunodeficiency virus infection: comparative analysis of inpatient deaths in 1995 and in 1999-2000 Clin Infect Dis...
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HIV INFECTION IN THE ERA OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT AND SOME OF ITS ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS docx
... approximate 1% increase in fasting insulin level for every 1% increase in visceral fat or every 1% increase in abdominal subcutaneous fat (51) Insulin levels and IR are higher in patients with ... administration of combination antiretrovirals, which included zidovudine and indinavir in the regimento rats have been shown to increase levels of endothelin-1, a marker of endothelial injury and ... of statins (atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin), fibric acid derivatives (gemfibrozil, fenofibrate), digoxin, glipizide, warfarin and triphasic...
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Báo cáo y học: "Mycobacterial immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-1 infection after antiretroviral therapy is associated with deregulated specific T-cell responses: Beneficial effect of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunotherapy" pptx
... all cells involved in both innate and acquired immunity, including virus-specific cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes [30-33] Although anti-HIV-1 CD8 T cells are present in chroni- cally infected individuals, ... treatment, and were given IL-2 and GM-CSF in conjunction with ART as salvage therapy as detailed in materials and methods and as previously described [9,21] Increases in CD4 T-cell counts from baseline ... presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages hence enabling the uninfected antigen presenting cells to efficiently carry out processing and presentation and to generate specific T-cell...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Nutrition and inflammation serum biomarkers are associated with 12-week mortality among malnourished adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Zambia" potx
... inhibitor At the initial visit, a detailed health history, review of systems, physical examination and laboratory testing (including a basic metabolic panel, serum phosphate, albumin, ferritin ... between albumin and hsCRP, and the hazard of death was non-linear (p < 0.10), and there was evidence that the association between albumin and the hazard of the combined endpoint of mortality and loss ... malnutrition and/ or immunosuppression initiating ART in a resource-constrained setting A post-treatment interval change in albumin was also a significant predictor of early mortality, while changes in...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Reduced renal function is associated with progression to AIDS but not with overall mortality in HIV-infected kenyan adults not initially requiring combination antiretroviral therapy" potx
... new AIDS-defining illness Several reasons may explain the differences in results The WIHS cohort included only women, whereas our study included both men and women Differences in diet and environmental ... creatinine, weight) and for other variables of interest (WHO disease stage, haemoglobin, CD4 cell count, eventual initiation of cART), and did not meet USAID-AMPATH requirements for immediate initiation ... pregnancy during follow up 49,035 remaining 30,010 excluded due to lack of enrolment data on haemoglobin, age, weight, serum creatinine, WHO stage or CD4 cell count 19,025 remaining 11,642 excluded...
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Báo cáo khoa học: " Local tumor control and toxicity in HIV-associated anal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy in the era of antiretroviral therapy" pps
... with invasive carcinoma of the anal canal, 42 patients matched for TNM-stage and of these 42 patients 10 patients corresponded for age and grading After obtaining informed consent and internal institutional ... approval, clinical outcome was analyzed by reviewing medical records and interviews of patients Pre-treatment staging was performed in all patients and included digital examination, endoluminal ultrasound, ... HIV-infected individuals are confronted with a an increased risk for cancer disease, including anal carcinoma [1-4] Although HAART has favorably influenced the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Designing highly active siRNAs for therapeutic applications pdf
... [8] and Sioud [9]) The siRNAs are then recognized by the proteins of the human RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) loading complex (RLC), Dicer, Argonaute (Ago2) and TAR RNA-binding protein (TRBP) ... then selects one of the two strands to act as the guide strand [11–13], yielding the active RISC, which contains at a minimum the single-stranded guide strand RNA and Ago2 [14,15] (Recent work ... contributions of terminal sequence to eventual function, biochemical and structural studies have demonstrated preferences in terminal nucleotide identity for RNA binding and processing by Dicer and Ago2...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanistic investigation of a highly active phosphite dehydrogenase mutant and its application for NADPH regeneration pptx
... serum albumin as a standard and by absorbance using the extinction coefcient for PTDH of 30 mm)1ặcm)1 at 280 nm Kinetic analysis Initial rates were determined by monitoring the increase in absorbance, ... microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Anal Biochem 72, 248254 Robertson JG (1979) Kinetasyst In Intellikinetics State College, PA Cleland WW (1979) Statistical ... allowing high catalytic efciency with both NAD(H) and NADP(H) [25,26,28,31] Thus PTDH-E175A A176R, with its relaxed cofactor specicity, is interesting from the standpoint of protein engineering and...
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